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{{Short description|1946 treaty on narcotic drug control}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox Treaty
{{Infobox Treaty
| name = 1946 Lake Success Protocol
| name = 1946 Lake Success Protocol
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| type =
| type =
| date_drafted =
| date_drafted =
| date_signed = December 11, 1946
| date_signed = 11 December 1946
| location_signed = [[Lake Success, New York|Lake Success]]
| location_signed = [[Lake Success, New York|Lake Success]]
| date_sealed =
| date_sealed =
| date_effective = December 11, 1946<!--It was signed and entered into force the same day.-->
| date_effective = 11 December 1946<!--It was signed and entered into force the same day.-->
| condition_effective = For each Party, the treaty entered into force immediately upon their (a) signature without reservation as to approval, (b) signature subject to approval followed by acceptance or (c) acceptance.<!--Ratification was not required.-->
| condition_effective = For each Party, the treaty entered into force immediately upon their (a) signature without reservation as to approval, (b) signature subject to approval followed by acceptance or (c) acceptance.<!--Ratification was not required.-->
| date_expiration =
| date_expiration =
| signatories =
| signatories =
| parties = 40
| parties = 62
| depositor =
| depositor =
| language =
| language =
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| wikisource =
| wikisource =
}}
}}
The '''Protocol Amending the Agreements, Conventions and Protocols on Narcotic Drugs concluded at The Hague on 23 January 1912, at Geneva on 11 February 1925 and 19 February 1925, and 13 July 1931, at Bangkok on 27 November 1931 and at Geneva on 26 June 1936''' was a treaty, signed on December 11, 1946 at [[Lake Success, New York|Lake Success]], that shifted the drug control functions previously assigned to the [[League of Nations]] to the [[United Nations]]. As the Protocol's official title suggests, it modifies the provisions of the:
The '''Protocol Amending the Agreements, Conventions and Protocols on Narcotic Drugs concluded at The Hague on 23 January 1912, at Geneva on 11 February 1925 and 19 February 1925, and 13 July 1931, at Bangkok on 27 November 1931 and at Geneva on 26 June 1936''' was a treaty, signed on 11 December 1946 at [[Lake Success, New York|Lake Success]], that shifted the drug control functions previously assigned to the [[League of Nations]] to the United Nations. As the Protocol's official title says, it modifies the provisions of the:
*[[1912]] and [[1925]] [[International Opium Convention]]s,
*1912 and 1925 [[International Opium Convention]]s,
*[[1931]] [[Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs]], and the
*1931 [[Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs]], and the
*[[1936]] [[Convention for the Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drugs]].
*1936 [[Convention for the Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drugs]].


Under this Protocol, the [[Commission on Narcotic Drugs]], appointed by the [[UN Economic and Social Council]], took over drug policymaking from the League of Nations' Advisory Committee on Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs. In an important precedent, the Supervisory Body that was created to administer the estimate system (which required nations to keep within their predetermined estimates of necessary narcotics production, imports, exports, etc.) was appointed by:
Under this Protocol, the [[Commission on Narcotic Drugs]], appointed by the [[UN Economic and Social Council]], took over drug policy making from the League of Nations' Advisory Committee on Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs. In an important precedent, the Supervisory Body that was created to administer the estimate system (which required nations to keep within their predetermined estimates of necessary narcotics production, imports, exports, etc.) was appointed by:
*The [[World Health Organization]] (two members)
*The [[World Health Organization]] (two members)
*The Commission on Narcotic Drugs (one member)
*The Commission on Narcotic Drugs (one member)
*The Permanent Central Board (one member).
*The Permanent Central Board (one member).
The Supervisory Body's successor, the [[International Narcotics Control Board]], also had 3 of its 13 members nominated by the World Health Organization, with the rest nominated by UN members, with nominations subject to approval by the [[UN Economic and Social Council]]. No doubt in both cases, lobbying by the pharmaceutical industries influenced the inclusion of a requirement to place some scientific and medical experts on the board. However, the influence of [[Harry J. Anslinger]] and his Canadian counterpart [[Charles Henry Ludovic Sharman]], both narcotics control officials, could be seen in the decision to allow the Commission to select somemembers (thus allowing law enforcement officials to be appointed to the Supervisory Body).
[[File:Sharman and Anslinger (Closer U.S.-Canada Marihuana (Marijuana) control discussed. Washington, D.C., March 24. Closer cooperation in the control of the use of marihuana weed is expected to be the outcome of a LCCN2016873283 (cropped)).jpg|thumb|Charles Henry Ludovic Sharman (left) and Harry J. Anslinger (right)]]
The Supervisory Body's successor, the [[International Narcotics Control Board]], also had 3 of its 13 members nominated by the World Health Organization, with the rest nominated by UN members, with nominations subject to approval by the [[UN Economic and Social Council]]. No doubt in both cases, lobbying by the pharmaceutical industries influenced the inclusion of a requirement to place some scientific and medical experts on the board. However, the influence of [[Harry J. Anslinger]] and his Canadian counterpart [[Charles Henry Ludovic Sharman]], both narcotics control officials, could be seen in the decision to allow the Commission to select some members (thus allowing law enforcement officials to be appointed to the Supervisory Body).


In accordance with the provisions of the drug control treaties, the revisions instituted by the Protocol did not require ratification to enter into force. For each Party, the treaty entered into force immediately upon their (a) signature without reservation as to approval, (b) signature subject to approval followed by acceptance or (c) acceptance. Since there were far fewer independent nations in the [[1940]]s than there are today, the Protocol's 40 Parties &ndash; including populous [[empire]]s and unions such as the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Soviet Union]] &ndash; encompassed the vast majority of the world's population.
In accordance with the provisions of the drug control treaties, the revisions instituted by the Protocol did not require ratification to enter into force. For each party, the treaty entered into force immediately upon their (a) signature without reservation as to approval, (b) signature subject to approval followed by acceptance or (c) acceptance. Since there were far fewer independent nations in the 1940s than there are today, the Protocol's initial 40 parties including populous [[empire]]s and unions such as the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Soviet Union]] encompassed the vast majority of the world's population. As of 2013, the Protocol has 62 state parties; of the ratifying states, the Netherlands has denounced the treaty.


The Protocol was terminated by the [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs]], except as it affected the [[1936]] [[Convention for the Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drugs]]. However, the Protocol's influence can be plainly seen in the power structure established by the Single Convention, which remains in force.
The Protocol was superseded by the [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs]], except as it affected the 1936 [[Convention for the Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drugs]]. However, the Protocol's influence can be plainly seen in the power structure established by the Single Convention, which remains in force.


==References==
==References==
{{wikisourcepar|Protocol Amending the Agreements, Conventions and Protocols on Narcotic Drugs concluded at The Hague on 23 January 1912, at Geneva on 11 February 1925 and 19 February 1925, and 13 July 1931, at Bangkok on 27 November 1931 and at Geneva on 26 June 1936}}
{{Wikisource|Protocol Amending the Agreements, Conventions and Protocols on Narcotic Drugs concluded at The Hague on 23 January 1912, at Geneva on 11 February 1925 and 19 February 1925, and 13 July 1931, at Bangkok on 27 November 1931 and at Geneva on 26 June 1936}}
*[http://www.parl.gc.ca/37/1/parlbus/commbus/senate/com-e/ille-e/rep-e/repfinalvol3-e.htm Cannabis: Our Position for a Canadian Public Policy], Report of the Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs, Sep. 2002.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20021117164232/http://www.parl.gc.ca/37/1/parlbus/commbus/senate/com-e/ille-e/rep-e/repfinalvol3-e.htm Cannabis: Our Position for a Canadian Public Policy], Report of the Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs, Sep. 2002.
*[http://www.cicad.oas.org/EN/treaties/mj4.htm Protocol Amending the Agreements, Conventions and Protocols on Narcotic Drugs concluded at The Hague on 23 January 1912, at Geneva on 11 February 1925 and 19 February 1925, and 13 July 1931, at Bangkok on 27 November 1931 and at Geneva on 26 June 1936], Text of the treaty.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041216212205/http://www.cicad.oas.org/EN/treaties/mj4.htm Protocol Amending the Agreements, Conventions and Protocols on Narcotic Drugs concluded at The Hague on 23 January 1912, at Geneva on 11 February 1925 and 19 February 1925, and 13 July 1931, at Bangkok on 27 November 1931 and at Geneva on 26 June 1936], Text of the treaty.
* {{cite web |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/showDetails.aspx?objid=080000028002d609 |title=Ratifications – Protocol amending the Agreements, Conventions and Protocols on Narcotic Drugs |website=Office of Legal Affairs ~ United Nations Treaty Section |date=11 December 1946 |publisher=United Nations}}


==External links==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/m-ust000004-0267.pdf |title=Narcotic Drugs – 1946 Lake Success Protocol |website=Law Library ~ United States Treaties |date=11 December 1946 |publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lake Success Protocol, 1946}}
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Latest revision as of 10:49, 11 November 2021

1946 Lake Success Protocol
Protocol Amending the Agreements, Conventions and Protocols on Narcotic Drugs concluded at The Hague on 23 January 1912, at Geneva on 11 February 1925 and 19 February 1925, and 13 July 1931, at Bangkok on 27 November 1931 and at Geneva on 26 June 1936
Signed11 December 1946
LocationLake Success
Effective11 December 1946
ConditionFor each Party, the treaty entered into force immediately upon their (a) signature without reservation as to approval, (b) signature subject to approval followed by acceptance or (c) acceptance.
Parties62

The Protocol Amending the Agreements, Conventions and Protocols on Narcotic Drugs concluded at The Hague on 23 January 1912, at Geneva on 11 February 1925 and 19 February 1925, and 13 July 1931, at Bangkok on 27 November 1931 and at Geneva on 26 June 1936 was a treaty, signed on 11 December 1946 at Lake Success, that shifted the drug control functions previously assigned to the League of Nations to the United Nations. As the Protocol's official title says, it modifies the provisions of the:

Under this Protocol, the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, appointed by the UN Economic and Social Council, took over drug policy making from the League of Nations' Advisory Committee on Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs. In an important precedent, the Supervisory Body that was created to administer the estimate system (which required nations to keep within their predetermined estimates of necessary narcotics production, imports, exports, etc.) was appointed by:

  • The World Health Organization (two members)
  • The Commission on Narcotic Drugs (one member)
  • The Permanent Central Board (one member).
Charles Henry Ludovic Sharman (left) and Harry J. Anslinger (right)

The Supervisory Body's successor, the International Narcotics Control Board, also had 3 of its 13 members nominated by the World Health Organization, with the rest nominated by UN members, with nominations subject to approval by the UN Economic and Social Council. No doubt in both cases, lobbying by the pharmaceutical industries influenced the inclusion of a requirement to place some scientific and medical experts on the board. However, the influence of Harry J. Anslinger and his Canadian counterpart Charles Henry Ludovic Sharman, both narcotics control officials, could be seen in the decision to allow the Commission to select some members (thus allowing law enforcement officials to be appointed to the Supervisory Body).

In accordance with the provisions of the drug control treaties, the revisions instituted by the Protocol did not require ratification to enter into force. For each party, the treaty entered into force immediately upon their (a) signature without reservation as to approval, (b) signature subject to approval followed by acceptance or (c) acceptance. Since there were far fewer independent nations in the 1940s than there are today, the Protocol's initial 40 parties – including populous empires and unions such as the United Kingdom and Soviet Union – encompassed the vast majority of the world's population. As of 2013, the Protocol has 62 state parties; of the ratifying states, the Netherlands has denounced the treaty.

The Protocol was superseded by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, except as it affected the 1936 Convention for the Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drugs. However, the Protocol's influence can be plainly seen in the power structure established by the Single Convention, which remains in force.

References

[edit]
  • Cannabis: Our Position for a Canadian Public Policy, Report of the Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs, Sep. 2002.
  • Protocol Amending the Agreements, Conventions and Protocols on Narcotic Drugs concluded at The Hague on 23 January 1912, at Geneva on 11 February 1925 and 19 February 1925, and 13 July 1931, at Bangkok on 27 November 1931 and at Geneva on 26 June 1936, Text of the treaty.
  • "Ratifications – Protocol amending the Agreements, Conventions and Protocols on Narcotic Drugs". Office of Legal Affairs ~ United Nations Treaty Section. United Nations. 11 December 1946.
[edit]