1923 United Kingdom general election: Difference between revisions
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! rowspan=50 style="background-color: {{Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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| rowspan=50|{{Party shortname|Conservative Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet|George Hamilton]] |
|[[Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet|George Hamilton]] |
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|[[Altrincham (UK Parliament constituency)|Altrincham]] |
|[[Altrincham (UK Parliament constituency)|Altrincham]] |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Sir Raymond Greene, 2nd Baronet]] |
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! rowspan=12 style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|[[Hackney North (UK Parliament constituency)|Hackney North]] |
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| rowspan=12|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[January 1910 United Kingdom general election|January 1910]] |
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|[[John Harris (anti-slavery campaigner)|John Harris]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Clifford Erskine-Bolst]] |
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|[[Hackney South (UK Parliament constituency)|Hackney South]] |
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|[[1922 Hackney South by-election|1922]] |
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|[[Herbert Morrison]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Sir Keith Fraser, 5th Baronet]] |
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|[[Harborough (UK Parliament constituency)|Harborough]] |
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|[[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918]] |
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|[[John Wycliffe Black]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[J. C. C. Davidson]] |
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|[[Hemel Hempstead (UK Parliament constituency)|Hemel Hempstead]] |
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|[[Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster]] (1923-1924) |
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|[[1920 Hemel Hempstead by-election|1920]] |
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|[[John Freeman Dunn]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Douglas Clifton Brown, 1st Viscount Ruffside|Douglas Clifton Brown]] |
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|[[Hexham (UK Parliament constituency)|Hexham]] |
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|[[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918]] |
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|[[Victor Finney]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Charles Murchison (politician)|Charles Murchison]] |
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|[[Huntingdonshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Huntingdonshire]] |
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|[[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918]] |
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|[[Leonard Costello]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[John Ganzoni, 1st Baron Belstead|John Ganzoni]] |
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|[[Ipswich (UK Parliament constituency)|Ipswich]] |
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|[[1914 Ipswich by-election|1914]] |
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|[[Robert Jackson (Ipswich MP)|Robert Jackson]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Sir Austin Hudson, 1st Baronet|Austin Hudson]] |
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|[[Islington East (UK Parliament constituency)|Islington East]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Arthur Comyns Carr]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Charles Garland (British politician)|Charles Garland]] |
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|[[Islington South (UK Parliament constituency)|Islington South]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[William Sampson Cluse]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[James Despencer-Robertson]] |
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|[[Islington West (UK Parliament constituency)|Islington West]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Frederick Montague, 1st Baron Amwell|Frederick Montague]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Owen Parker]] |
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|[[Kettering (UK Parliament constituency)|Kettering]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Samuel Perry]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|- |
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|[[Neville Jodrell]] |
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|[[King's Lynn (UK Parliament constituency)|King's Lynn]] |
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|[[1918 Mid Norfolk by-election|1918]] |
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|[[George Graham Woodwark|George Woodwark]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|- |
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|[[Walter Elliot (Scottish politician)|Walter Elliot]] |
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|[[Lanark (UK Parliament constituency)|Lanark]] |
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|[[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918]] |
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|[[Thomas Scott Dickson]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|- |
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|[[John Joseph O'Neill (British politician)|John Joseph O'Neill]] |
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|[[Lancaster (UK Parliament constituency)|Lancaster]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[John Edward Singleton]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|- |
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|[[Arthur Evans (politician)|Arthur Evans]] |
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|[[Leicester East (UK Parliament constituency)|Leicester East]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[George Banton]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[William George Waterhouse Reynolds]] |
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|[[Leicester South (UK Parliament constituency)|Leicester South]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Ronald Wilberforce Allen]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Ernest Edward Alexander]] |
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|[[Leyton East (UK Parliament constituency)|Leyton East]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Archibald Church]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|- |
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|[[Harold Smith (British politician)|Harold Smith]] |
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|[[Liverpool Wavertree (UK Parliament constituency)|Liverpool Wavertree]] |
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|[[December 1910 United Kingdom general election|December 1910]] |
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|[[Hugh Reynolds Rathbone|Hugh Rathbone]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Reginald Hall|Sir Reginald Hall]] |
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|[[Liverpool West Derby (UK Parliament constituency)|Liverpool West Derby]] |
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|[[1919 Liverpool West Derby by-election|1919]] |
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|[[Sydney Jones (businessman)|Sydney Jones]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Nigel Kennedy (politician)|Nigel Kennedy]] |
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|[[Lonsdale (UK Parliament constituency)|Lonsdale]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Henry Maden]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[John Prescott Hewett]] |
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|[[Luton (UK Parliament constituency)|Luton]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Geoffrey Howard (British politician)|Geoffrey Howard]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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! rowspan=16 style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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| rowspan=16|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Arthur Murray, 3rd Viscount Elibank|Arthur Murray]] |
|[[Arthur Murray, 3rd Viscount Elibank|Arthur Murray]] |
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|[[Kincardine and Western Aberdeenshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Kincardine & Western Aberdeenshire]] |
|[[Kincardine and Western Aberdeenshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Kincardine & Western Aberdeenshire]] |
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|{{Party shortname|Conservative Party (UK)}} |
|{{Party shortname|Conservative Party (UK)}} |
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|- |
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|[[Audley Bowdler]] |
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! rowspan=8 style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|[[Holderness (UK Parliament constituency)|Holderness]] |
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| rowspan=8|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Samuel Savery]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Conservative Party (UK)}} |
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|- |
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|[[Arthur Marshall (British politician)|Arthur Marshall]] |
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|[[Huddersfield (UK Parliament constituency)|Huddersfield]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[James Hindle Hudson]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Robert Hutchison, 1st Baron Hutchison of Montrose|Sir Robert Hutchison]] |
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|[[Kirkcaldy Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)|Kirkcaldy Burghs]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Tom Kennedy (British politician)|Tom Kennedy]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|- |
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|[[John Murray (Liberal politician)|John Murray]] |
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|[[Leeds West (UK Parliament constituency)|Leeds West]] |
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|[[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918]] |
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|[[Thomas William Stamford]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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! rowspan=9 style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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| rowspan=9|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Charles Buxton (Labour politician)|Charles Buxton]] |
|[[Charles Buxton (Labour politician)|Charles Buxton]] |
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|[[Accrington (UK Parliament constituency)|Accrington]] |
|[[Accrington (UK Parliament constituency)|Accrington]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Conservative Party (UK)}} |
|{{Party shortname|Conservative Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Hastings Lees-Smith]] |
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|[[Keighley (UK Parliament constituency)|Keighley]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Robert Pilkington]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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! rowspan=1 style="background-color: {{Constitutionalist (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
! rowspan=1 style="background-color: {{Constitutionalist (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
Revision as of 10:44, 26 July 2019
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All 615 seats in the House of Commons 308 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turnout | 71.1%, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Colours denote the winning party—as shown in § Results | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1923 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 6 December 1923. The Conservatives, led by Stanley Baldwin, won the most seats, but Labour, led by Ramsay MacDonald, and H. H. Asquith's reunited Liberal Party gained enough seats to produce a hung parliament. It was the last UK general election in which a third party (the Liberals) won more than 100 seats, or received more than 26% of the vote.
MacDonald formed the first ever Labour government with tacit support from the Liberals. Asquith's motivation for permitting Labour to enter power, rather than trying to bring the Liberals back into government, was that he hoped they would prove to be incompetent and quickly lose support. Being a minority, MacDonald's government only lasted ten months and another general election was held in October 1924.
Overview
In May 1923, Prime Minister Bonar Law fell ill and resigned on 22 May,[1] after just 209 days in office. He was replaced by Chancellor of the Exchequer, Stanley Baldwin. The Labour Party had also changed leaders since the previous election, after J. R. Clynes was defeated in a leadership challenge by former leader Ramsay MacDonald.
Having won an election just the year before, Baldwin's Conservative Party had a comfortable majority in the House of Commons and could have waited another four years, but the government was concerned. Baldwin felt the need to receive a mandate from the people, which, if successful, would strengthen his grip on the Conservative Party leadership.
Oxford historian (and Conservative MP) J.A.R. Marriott depicts the gloomy national mood:
The times were still out of joint. Mr. Baldwin had indeed succeeded in negotiating (January 1923) a settlement of the British debt to the United States, but on terms which involved an annual payment of £34 million, at the existing rate of exchange. The French remained in the Ruhr. Peace had not yet been made with Turkey; unemployment was a standing menace to national recovery; there was continued unrest among the wage-earners, and a significant strike among farm labourers in Norfolk.
Confronted by these difficulties, convinced that economic conditions in England called for a drastic change in fiscal policy, and urged thereto by the Imperial Conference of 1923, Mr. Baldwin decided to ask the country for a mandate for Preference and Protection.[2]
The result however backfired on Baldwin, who lost a host of seats to Labour and the Liberals, resulting in a hung parliament. Baldwin attempted to continue in power, hoping that the Liberals would support his government, but they combined with Labour to vote down the King's Speech prepared by Baldwin, causing his government to fall. For the first time in history, Labour formed a government.
Results
style="background:Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color; width:42.0;" | 258 | style="background:Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color; width:31.1%;" | 191 | style="color:black; background:Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color; width:25.7%;" | 158 | 8 |
Conservative | Labour | Liberal | O |
Candidates | Votes | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Leader | Stood | Elected | Gained | Unseated | Net | % of total | % | No. | Net % | |
Conservative | Stanley Baldwin | 536 | 258 | 23 | 109 | −86 | 41.95 | 38.0 | 5,286,159 | −0.5 | |
Labour | Ramsay MacDonald | 427 | 191 | 64 | 15 | +49 | 31.06 | 30.7 | 4,267,831 | +1.0 | |
Liberal | H. H. Asquith | 457 | 158 | 86 | 43 | +43 | 25.69 | 29.7 | 4,129,922 | +0.9 | |
Nationalist | Joseph Devlin | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.487 | 0.4 | 54,157 | N/A | |
Independent | N/A | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 0.325 | 0.3 | 36,802 | −0.5 | |
Communist | Albert Inkpin | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 0.2 | 34,258 | 0.0 | ||
Belfast Labour | David Robb Campbell | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 22,255 | N/A | ||
Independent Labour | N/A | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 0.2 | 17,331 | 0.0 | ||
Independent Liberal | N/A | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.1 | 16,184 | 0.0 | ||
Constitutionalist | N/A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 0.1 | 15,500 | 0.0 | ||
Ind. Conservative | N/A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | −3 | 0.1 | 15,171 | −0.8 | ||
Scottish Prohibition | Edwin Scrymgeour | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 12,877 | 0.0 | ||
Christian Pacifist | N/A | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 570 | N/A |
Votes summary
Seats summary
Constituency results
List of MPs who lost their seat in the 1923 United Kingdom general election
This is a list of MPs who lost their seat at the 1923 United Kingdom general election
Transfers of seats
- All comparisons are with the 1922 election.
- In some cases the change is due to the MP defecting to the gaining party. Such circumstances are marked with a *.
- In other circumstances the change is due to the seat having been won by the gaining party in a by-election in the intervening years, and then retained in 1923. Such circumstances are marked with a †.
See also
Notes
- ^ This represents the joint total of the Liberals and the National Liberals in the 1922 election. The two parties reunified for the 1923 election.
- ^ All parties shown. Conservatives include Ulster Unionists. Liberal total is compared to joint total of Liberals and National Liberals in 1922.
References
- ^ Archived copy, archived from the original on 25 August 2008, retrieved 31 July 2008
{{citation}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Marriott 1948, p. 517 ; Doerr, p. 75–76.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Sources
- Craig, F. W. S. (1989), British Electoral Facts: 1832–1987, Dartmouth: Gower, ISBN 0900178302
- Doerr, Paul W., British foreign policy 1919–1939[publisher missing][year missing]
- Marriott, J. A. R., Modern England: 1885–1945 (1948 ed.)
Further reading
- Cook, Chris P. (1969), "Wales and the General Election of 1923", Welsh History Review, 4 (4): 393–4
- Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1975), British General Election Manifestos, 1900-74
- Irwin, Douglas A. (1995), Industry or Class Cleavages over Trade Policy? Evidence from the British General Election of 1923 (PDF), National Bureau of Economic Research
- Self, Robert (1992), "Conservative reunion and the general election of 1923: a reassessment", Twentieth Century British History, 3 (3): 249–273
- Smart, Nick (1996), "Baldwin's Blunder? The General Election of 1923", Twentieth Century British History, 7 (1): 110–139