1923 United Kingdom general election: Difference between revisions
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! rowspan=64 style="background-color: {{Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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| rowspan=64|{{Party shortname|Conservative Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet|George Hamilton]] |
|[[Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet|George Hamilton]] |
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|[[Altrincham (UK Parliament constituency)|Altrincham]] |
|[[Altrincham (UK Parliament constituency)|Altrincham]] |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[William Flanagan (politician)|William Flanagan]] |
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|[[Manchester Clayton (UK Parliament constituency)|Manchester Clayton]] |
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| rowspan=16|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[John Edward Sutton|John Sutton]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Edwin Forsyth Stockton]] |
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|[[Manchester Exchange (UK Parliament constituency)|Manchester Exchange]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Robert Noton Barclay]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Gerald Hurst (politician)|Gerald Hurst]] |
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|[[Manchester Moss Side (UK Parliament constituency)|Manchester Moss Side]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Thomas Ackroyd]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[John Henry Thorpe]] |
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|[[Manchester Rusholme (UK Parliament constituency)|Member for Manchester Rusholme]] |
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|[[1919 Manchester Rusholme by-election|1919]] |
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|[[Charles Masterman]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Thomas Watts (politician)|Thomas Watts]] |
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|[[Manchester Withington (UK Parliament constituency)|Manchester Withington]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Ernest Simon, 1st Baron Simon of Wythenshawe|Ernest Simon]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[George Hutchison (British politician)|George Hutchison]] |
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|[[Midlothian and Peebles Northern (UK Parliament constituency)|Midlothian & Peebles Northern]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Andrew Clarke (Scottish politician)|Andrew Clarke]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Howard Clifton Brown]] |
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|[[Newbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Newbury]] |
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|[[1922 Newbury by-election|1922]] |
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|[[Harold Stranger]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Michael Falcon]] |
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|[[East Norfolk (UK Parliament constituency)|East Norfolk]] |
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|[[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918]] |
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|[[Hugh Seely, 1st Baron Sherwood|Hugh Seely]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Thomas William Hay]] |
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|[[South Norfolk (UK Parliament constituency)|South Norfolk]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[George Edwards (British politician)|George Edwards]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[George Roberts (British politician)|George Roberts]]<ref>Elected as a Labour Party MP</ref> |
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|[[Norwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Norwich]] |
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|[[Minister of Food Control]] (1919-1920) |
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|[[1906 United Kingdom general election|1906]] |
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|[[Walter Robert Smith]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[John Houfton]] |
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|[[Nottingham East (UK Parliament constituency)|Nottingham East]] |
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|[[1922 Nottingham East by-election|1922]] |
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|[[Norman Birkett, 1st Baron Birkett|Norman Birkett]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Henry Maddocks (politician)|Henry Maddocks]] |
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|[[Nuneaton (UK Parliament constituency)|Nuneaton]] |
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|[[1918 United Kingdom general election|1918]] |
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|[[Herbert Willison]] |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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| rowspan=21|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Arthur Murray, 3rd Viscount Elibank|Arthur Murray]] |
|[[Arthur Murray, 3rd Viscount Elibank|Arthur Murray]] |
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|[[Kincardine and Western Aberdeenshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Kincardine & Western Aberdeenshire]] |
|[[Kincardine and Western Aberdeenshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Kincardine & Western Aberdeenshire]] |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Sir Albert Bennett, 1st Baronet|Albert Bennett]] |
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! rowspan=9 style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|[[Mansfield (UK Parliament constituency)|Mansfield]] |
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| rowspan=9|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Frank Varley]] |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Ryland Adkins]] |
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|[[Middleton and Prestwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Middleton & Prestwich]] |
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|[[1906 United Kingdom general election|1906]] |
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|[[Sir Nairne Stewart Sandeman, 1st Baronet|Nairne Stewart Sandeman]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Conservative Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Thomas Maule Guthrie]] |
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|[[Moray and Nairn (UK Parliament constituency)|Moray and Nairn]] |
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|[[1922 Moray and Nairn by-election|1922]] |
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|[[James Stuart, 1st Viscount Stuart of Findhorn|James Gray Stuart]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Conservative Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Charles McCurdy]] |
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|[[Northampton (UK Parliament constituency)|Northampton]] |
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|[[Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury]] (1921-1922) |
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|[[January 1910 United Kingdom general election|January 1910]] |
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|[[Margaret Bondfield]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Hilton Young, 1st Baron Kennet|Hilton Young]] |
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|[[Norwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Norwich]] |
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|[[1915 Norwich by-election|1915]] |
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|[[Dorothy Jewson]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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! rowspan=12 style="background-color: {{Labour Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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| rowspan=12|{{Party shortname|Labour Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Charles Buxton (Labour politician)|Charles Buxton]] |
|[[Charles Buxton (Labour politician)|Charles Buxton]] |
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|[[Accrington (UK Parliament constituency)|Accrington]] |
|[[Accrington (UK Parliament constituency)|Accrington]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Robert Pilkington]] |
|[[Robert Pilkington]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Chuter Ede]] |
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|[[Mitcham (UK Parliament constituency)|Mitcham]] |
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|[[1923 Mitcham by-election|1923]] |
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|[[Richard Meller]] |
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|{{Party shortname|Conservative Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Arthur Henderson]] |
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|[[Mitcham (UK Parliament constituency)|Mitcham]] |
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|[[1923 Newcastle-upon-Tyne East by-election|1923]] |
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|[[Sir Robert Aske, 1st Baronet]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[David Adams (Labour politician)|David Adams]] |
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|[[Newcastle upon Tyne West (UK Parliament constituency)|Newcastle upon Tyne West]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Cecil Beresford Ramage|Cecil Ramage]] |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|{{Party shortname|Conservative Party (UK)}} |
|{{Party shortname|Conservative Party (UK)}} |
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| rowspan=2|{{Party shortname|Communist Party of Great Britain}} |
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|[[Shapurji Saklatvala]] |
|[[Shapurji Saklatvala]] |
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|[[Battersea North (UK Parliament constituency)|Battersea North]] |
|[[Battersea North (UK Parliament constituency)|Battersea North]] |
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| style="background-color: {{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}" | |
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|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
|{{Party shortname|Liberal Party (UK)}} |
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|[[Walton Newbold]] |
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|[[Motherwell (UK Parliament constituency)|Motherwell]] |
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|[[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] |
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|[[Hugh Ferguson]] |
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|{{Party shortname|Conservative Party (UK)}} |
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Revision as of 08:55, 29 July 2019
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All 615 seats in the House of Commons 308 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turnout | 71.1%, 1.9% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Colours denote the winning party—as shown in § Results | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1923 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 6 December 1923. The Conservatives, led by Stanley Baldwin, won the most seats, but Labour, led by Ramsay MacDonald, and H. H. Asquith's reunited Liberal Party gained enough seats to produce a hung parliament. It was the last UK general election in which a third party (the Liberals) won more than 100 seats, or received more than 26% of the vote.
MacDonald formed the first ever Labour government with tacit support from the Liberals. Asquith's motivation for permitting Labour to enter power, rather than trying to bring the Liberals back into government, was that he hoped they would prove to be incompetent and quickly lose support. Being a minority, MacDonald's government only lasted ten months and another general election was held in October 1924.
Overview
In May 1923, Prime Minister Bonar Law fell ill and resigned on 22 May,[1] after just 209 days in office. He was replaced by Chancellor of the Exchequer, Stanley Baldwin. The Labour Party had also changed leaders since the previous election, after J. R. Clynes was defeated in a leadership challenge by former leader Ramsay MacDonald.
Having won an election just the year before, Baldwin's Conservative Party had a comfortable majority in the House of Commons and could have waited another four years, but the government was concerned. Baldwin felt the need to receive a mandate from the people, which, if successful, would strengthen his grip on the Conservative Party leadership.
Oxford historian (and Conservative MP) J.A.R. Marriott depicts the gloomy national mood:
The times were still out of joint. Mr. Baldwin had indeed succeeded in negotiating (January 1923) a settlement of the British debt to the United States, but on terms which involved an annual payment of £34 million, at the existing rate of exchange. The French remained in the Ruhr. Peace had not yet been made with Turkey; unemployment was a standing menace to national recovery; there was continued unrest among the wage-earners, and a significant strike among farm labourers in Norfolk.
Confronted by these difficulties, convinced that economic conditions in England called for a drastic change in fiscal policy, and urged thereto by the Imperial Conference of 1923, Mr. Baldwin decided to ask the country for a mandate for Preference and Protection.[2]
The result however backfired on Baldwin, who lost a host of seats to Labour and the Liberals, resulting in a hung parliament. Baldwin attempted to continue in power, hoping that the Liberals would support his government, but they combined with Labour to vote down the King's Speech prepared by Baldwin, causing his government to fall. For the first time in history, Labour formed a government.
Results
style="background:Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color; width:42.0;" | 258 | style="background:Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color; width:31.1%;" | 191 | style="color:black; background:Template:Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color; width:25.7%;" | 158 | 8 |
Conservative | Labour | Liberal | O |
Candidates | Votes | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Leader | Stood | Elected | Gained | Unseated | Net | % of total | % | No. | Net % | |
Conservative | Stanley Baldwin | 536 | 258 | 23 | 109 | −86 | 41.95 | 38.0 | 5,286,159 | −0.5 | |
Labour | Ramsay MacDonald | 427 | 191 | 64 | 15 | +49 | 31.06 | 30.7 | 4,267,831 | +1.0 | |
Liberal | H. H. Asquith | 457 | 158 | 86 | 43 | +43 | 25.69 | 29.7 | 4,129,922 | +0.9 | |
Nationalist | Joseph Devlin | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.487 | 0.4 | 54,157 | N/A | |
Independent | N/A | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 0.325 | 0.3 | 36,802 | −0.5 | |
Communist | Albert Inkpin | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 0.2 | 34,258 | 0.0 | ||
Belfast Labour | David Robb Campbell | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 22,255 | N/A | ||
Independent Labour | N/A | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 0.2 | 17,331 | 0.0 | ||
Independent Liberal | N/A | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.1 | 16,184 | 0.0 | ||
Constitutionalist | N/A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 0.1 | 15,500 | 0.0 | ||
Ind. Conservative | N/A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | −3 | 0.1 | 15,171 | −0.8 | ||
Scottish Prohibition | Edwin Scrymgeour | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 12,877 | 0.0 | ||
Christian Pacifist | N/A | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 570 | N/A |
Votes summary
Seats summary
Constituency results
List of MPs who lost their seat in the 1923 United Kingdom general election
This is a list of MPs who lost their seat at the 1923 United Kingdom general election
Transfers of seats
- All comparisons are with the 1922 election.
- In some cases the change is due to the MP defecting to the gaining party. Such circumstances are marked with a *.
- In other circumstances the change is due to the seat having been won by the gaining party in a by-election in the intervening years, and then retained in 1923. Such circumstances are marked with a †.
See also
Notes
- ^ This represents the joint total of the Liberals and the National Liberals in the 1922 election. The two parties reunified for the 1923 election.
- ^ All parties shown. Conservatives include Ulster Unionists. Liberal total is compared to joint total of Liberals and National Liberals in 1922.
References
- ^ Archived copy, archived from the original on 25 August 2008, retrieved 31 July 2008
{{citation}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Marriott 1948, p. 517 ; Doerr, p. 75–76.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Elected as a Labour Party MP
Sources
- Craig, F. W. S. (1989), British Electoral Facts: 1832–1987, Dartmouth: Gower, ISBN 0900178302
- Doerr, Paul W., British foreign policy 1919–1939[publisher missing][year missing]
- Marriott, J. A. R., Modern England: 1885–1945 (1948 ed.)
Further reading
- Cook, Chris P. (1969), "Wales and the General Election of 1923", Welsh History Review, 4 (4): 393–4
- Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1975), British General Election Manifestos, 1900-74
- Irwin, Douglas A. (1995), Industry or Class Cleavages over Trade Policy? Evidence from the British General Election of 1923 (PDF), National Bureau of Economic Research
- Self, Robert (1992), "Conservative reunion and the general election of 1923: a reassessment", Twentieth Century British History, 3 (3): 249–273
- Smart, Nick (1996), "Baldwin's Blunder? The General Election of 1923", Twentieth Century British History, 7 (1): 110–139