1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections: Difference between revisions
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The '''1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections''' were held |
The '''1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections''' were held on various dates in various states between August 2, 1852, and November 8, 1853. Each state set its own date for its elections to the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] before the first session of the [[33rd United States Congress]] convened on December 5, 1853. The size of the House increased to 234 seats following the [[United States congressional apportionment|congressional reapportionment]] based on the [[1850 United States census]]. |
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Democrats increased their House majority while electing national compromise candidate [[Franklin Pierce]], a Northerner favorable to Southern interests, to the Presidency. Effects of the [[Compromise of 1850]] temporarily had reduced sectional tensions, and both major parties, [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] and [[Whig Party (United States)|Whigs]], unified around the [[1852 United States presidential election|1852 |
Democrats increased their House majority while electing national compromise candidate [[Franklin Pierce]], a Northerner favorable to Southern interests, to the Presidency. Effects of the [[Compromise of 1850]] temporarily had reduced sectional tensions, and both major parties, [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] and [[Whig Party (United States)|Whigs]], unified around the [[1852 United States presidential election|1852 presidential campaign]], with Whig unity more tenuous. Two small parties, the Constitutional Unionists and States' Rights parties, collapsed before this election, while the [[Free Soil Party]], opposing slavery in the Western territories, retained four seats. One [[Independent politician|Independent]], [[Caleb Lyon]], was elected from [[New York (state)|New York]]. |
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==Election summaries== |
==Election summaries== |
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Following the [[1850 United States |
Following the [[1850 United States census|1850 census]], the House was [[United States congressional apportionment#reapportionment|reapportioned]]. In the initial [[apportionment bill]], the number of seats was unchanged at 233,<ref>{{USStat|9|432}}</ref> but later one seat was added to [[California]]'s delegation, increasing the total apportionment to 234, due to returns from California being determined to be incomplete.<ref>{{USStat|10|25}}</ref> |
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{| style="width:100%; text-align:center" |
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center" |
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==Arkansas== |
==Arkansas== |
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{{See also|List of United States representatives from Arkansas}} |
{{See also|List of United States representatives from Arkansas}} |
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{{USCongressElectionTableHead}} |
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⚫ | |||
! {{Ushr|AR|1|X}} |
|||
| rowspan=2 | [[Robert Ward Johnson|Robert W. Johnson]]<br/>{{small|Redistricted from the {{ushr|AR|AL|C}}}} |
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| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic/Text}} |
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⚫ | |||
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>Democratic hold.<ref name="guse">{{Cite book |title= Guide to U.S. Elections |edition=6th |volume=II |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |publisher=[[CQ Press]] |page=1016 |year=2010 |isbn=9781604265361 |oclc=430736650 |lccn=2009033938 }}</ref> |
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⚫ | |||
* {{Aye}} '''[[Alfred B. Greenwood]]''' (Democratic) 100.0%<ref name="guse" /> |
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⚫ | |||
|- |
|||
! {{Ushr|AR|2|X}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
* Unidentified (Whig) 46.8%<ref name="guse" /> |
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⚫ | |||
|} |
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== California == |
== California == |
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Line 778: | Line 798: | ||
| {{party shading/Text/Democratic}} |
| {{party shading/Text/Democratic}} |
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| [[1847 Michigan's 1st congressional district special election|1847 {{small|(special)}}]]<br>1848 {{small|(lost)}}<br>[[1850 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|1850]] |
| [[1847 Michigan's 1st congressional district special election|1847 {{small|(special)}}]]<br>1848 {{small|(lost)}}<br>[[1850 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan|1850]] |
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| {{party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired to [[1852 United States Senate election in Michigan|run for U.S. Senator]].<br>New member elected.<br> |
| {{party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired to [[1852 United States Senate election in Michigan|run for U.S. Senator]].<br>New member elected.<br>Democratic hold. |
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| nowrap | {{plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{plainlist | |
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* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[David A. Noble]]''' (Democratic) 51.7% |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[David A. Noble]]''' (Democratic) 51.7% |
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Line 799: | Line 819: | ||
! {{ushr|MI|4|X}} |
! {{ushr|MI|4|X}} |
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| colspan=3 | None {{small|(New seat)}} |
| colspan=3 | None {{small|(New seat)}} |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | New seat |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | New seat.<br>'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{plainlist | |
||
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Hestor L. Stevens]]''' (Democratic) 51.8% |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{aye}} '''[[Hestor L. Stevens]]''' (Democratic) 51.8% |
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Line 816: | Line 836: | ||
! data-sort-value=0 | {{Ushr|MS|AL|X}} |
! data-sort-value=0 | {{Ushr|MS|AL|X}} |
||
| colspan=3 | None (new district) |
| colspan=3 | None (new district) |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | New |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | New seat.<br/>'''Democratic gain.''' |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[William Barksdale]]''' (Democratic) 54.27% |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[William Barksdale]]''' (Democratic) 54.27% |
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Line 858: | Line 878: | ||
! {{Ushr|MS|4|X}} |
! {{Ushr|MS|4|X}} |
||
| [[Albert G. Brown]] |
| [[Albert G. Brown]] |
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| {{Party shading/ |
| {{Party shading/Southern Rights}} | Southern Rights |
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| [[1847 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi|1847]] |
| [[1847 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi|1847]] |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>'''Democratic gain.''' |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>'''Democratic gain.''' |
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Line 904: | Line 924: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1842 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1842]] |
| [[1842 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1842]] |
||
| {{Party shading/ |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} |Incumbent retired to run for [[Governor of Tennessee|Governor]].<br/>'''Democratic loss.''' |
||
| rowspan=2 nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| rowspan=2 nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[Brookins Campbell]]''' (Democratic) 37.11% |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Brookins Campbell]]''' (Democratic) 37.11% |
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* [[Nathaniel Green Taylor|Nathaniel G. Taylor]] (Whig) 36.14% |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[Nathaniel Green Taylor|Nathaniel G. Taylor]] (Whig) 36.14% |
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* [[Albert Galiton Watkins|Albert G. Watkins]] (Whig) 26.75%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 01 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626844 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[Albert Galiton Watkins|Albert G. Watkins]] (Whig) 26.75%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 01 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626844 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[Albert Galiton Watkins|Albert G. Watkins]] |
| [[Albert Galiton Watkins|Albert G. Watkins]]<br/><small>Redistricted from the {{ushr|Tn|2|C}}.</small> |
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| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| [[1849 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1849]] |
| [[1849 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1849]] |
||
⚫ | |||
| Redistricted from the {{ushr|Tn|2|C}}. |
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|- |
|- |
||
! |
! {{Ushr|TN|2|X}} |
||
⚫ | |||
| [[Albert Galiton Watkins|Albert G. Watkins]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1851 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1851]] |
| [[1851 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1851]] |
||
| Incumbent re-elected. |
|||
| Redistricted from the {{ushr|Tn|3|C}}. |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! {{Ushr|TN|3|X}} |
! {{Ushr|TN|3|X}} |
||
| colspan=3 | New district |
|||
⚫ | |||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | New member elected.<br/>'''Democratic gain.''' |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[Samuel Axley Smith|Samuel A. Smith]]''' (Democratic) 55.49% |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Samuel Axley Smith|Samuel A. Smith]]''' (Democratic) 55.49% |
||
* T. Nixon Vandyke (Whig) 44.52%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 03 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626853 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}T. Nixon Vandyke (Whig) 44.52%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 03 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626853 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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Line 948: | Line 960: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1849 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1849]] |
| [[1849 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1849]] |
||
| {{Party shading/ |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} |Incumbent retired.<br/>'''Democratic loss.''' |
||
| rowspan=2 nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| rowspan=2 nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[William Cullom]]''' (Whig) 50.14% |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[William Cullom]]''' (Whig) 50.14% |
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* Erasmus L. Gardner (Democratic) 49.86%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 04 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626857 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Erasmus L. Gardner (Democratic) 49.86%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 04 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626857 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[William Cullom]] |
| [[William Cullom]]<br/><small>Redistricted from the {{ushr|Tn|8|C}}.</small> |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| [[1851 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1851]] |
| [[1851 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1851]] |
||
| Incumbent re-elected. |
|||
| Redistricted from the {{ushr|Tn|8|C}}. |
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|- |
|- |
||
! {{Ushr|TN|5|X}} |
! {{Ushr|TN|5|X}} |
||
| colspan=3 | New district |
|||
| [[George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)|George W. Jones]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/ |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} |New member elected.<br/>'''Whig gain.''' |
||
| [[1842 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1842]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} |Incumbent redistricted to the {{ushr|Tn|6|C}}.<br/>New member elected.<br/>'''Whig gain.''' |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[Charles Ready]]''' (Whig) 57.86% |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Charles Ready]]''' (Whig) 57.86% |
||
* Thomas Barry (Democratic) 42.14%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 05 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626861 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Thomas Barry (Democratic) 42.14%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 05 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626861 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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! rowspan=2 | {{Ushr|TN|6|X}} |
! rowspan=2 | {{Ushr|TN|6|X}} |
||
| [[William Hawkins Polk|William H. Polk]] |
| [[William Hawkins Polk|William H. Polk]] |
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| {{Party shading/Independent Democratic}} | Independent |
| {{Party shading/Independent Democratic}} | Independent<br/>Democratic |
||
| [[1851 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1851]] |
| [[1851 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1851]] |
||
| {{Party shading/ |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} |Incumbent retired.<br/>'''Independent Democratic loss.''' |
||
⚫ | | rowspan=2 nowrap | {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)|George W. Jones]]''' (Democratic) 100%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 06 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626865 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)|George W. Jones]] |
| [[George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)|George W. Jones]]<br/><small>Redistricted from the {{Ushr|TN|5|C}}.</small> |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1842 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1842]] |
| [[1842 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1842]] |
||
| Incumbent re-elected. |
|||
| Redistricted from the {{Ushr|TN|5|C}}. |
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|- |
|- |
||
! {{Ushr|TN|7|X}} |
! {{Ushr|TN|7|X}} |
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| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} |Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>'''Whig hold.''' |
| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} |Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>'''Whig hold.''' |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[Robert Malone Bugg|Robert M. Bugg]]''' (Whig) 52.52% |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Robert Malone Bugg|Robert M. Bugg]]''' (Whig) 52.52% |
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* S. C. Pavott (Democratic) 47.48%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 07 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626867 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}S. C. Pavott (Democratic) 47.48%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 07 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626867 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
||
! {{Ushr|TN|8|X}} |
! {{Ushr|TN|8|X}} |
||
| colspan=3 | New district |
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| [[William Cullom]] |
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| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} |New member elected.<br/>'''Whig gain.''' |
||
| [[1851 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1851]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} |Incumbent redistricted to the {{ushr|Tn|4|C}}.<br/>New member elected.<br/>'''Whig hold.''' |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[Felix Zollicoffer]]''' (Whig) 52.96% |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Felix Zollicoffer]]''' (Whig) 52.96% |
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* Samuel P. Allison (Democratic) 47.04%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 08 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626869 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}Samuel P. Allison (Democratic) 47.04%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 08 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626869 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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Line 1,012: | Line 1,018: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1849 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1849]] |
| [[1849 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1849]] |
||
| {{Party shading/ |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} |Incumbent retired.<br/>'''Democratic loss.''' |
||
| rowspan=2 nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| rowspan=2 nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[Emerson Etheridge]]''' (Whig) 96.90% |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Emerson Etheridge]]''' (Whig) 96.90% |
||
* [[Christopher Harris Williams|Christopher H. Williams]] (Whig) 3.10%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 09 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626870 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[Christopher Harris Williams|Christopher H. Williams]] (Whig) 3.10%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 09 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626870 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[Christopher Harris Williams|Christopher H. Williams]] |
| [[Christopher Harris Williams|Christopher H. Williams]]<br/><small>Redistricted from the {{ushr|Tn|11|C}}.</small> |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| [[1849 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1849]] |
| [[1849 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee|1849]] |
||
| Incumbent re-elected. |
|||
| Redistricted from the {{ushr|Tn|11|C}}. |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 1,030: | Line 1,036: | ||
| Incumbent re-elected. |
| Incumbent re-elected. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[Frederick Perry Stanton|Frederick P. Stanton]]''' (Democratic) 50.03% |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Frederick Perry Stanton|Frederick P. Stanton]]''' (Democratic) 50.03% |
||
* Edwin M. Yerger (Whig) 49.97%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 10 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626872 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}Edwin M. Yerger (Whig) 49.97%<ref>{{cite web |title=TN - District 10 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=626872 |website=Our Campaigns |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
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Line 1,058: | Line 1,064: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic }} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New member elected.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic }} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New member elected.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[Daniel Wells Jr.]]''' (Democratic) 46.48% |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Daniel Wells Jr.]]''' (Democratic) 46.48% |
||
* [[Charles Durkee]] (Free Soil) 31.93% |
* {{party stripe|Free Soil Party}}[[Charles Durkee]] (Free Soil) 31.93% |
||
* Henry S. Durand (Whig) 21.56% |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}Henry S. Durand (Whig) 21.56% |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 1,070: | Line 1,076: | ||
| Incumbent re-elected. |
| Incumbent re-elected. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[Ben C. Eastman]]''' (Democratic) 53.91% |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Ben C. Eastman]]''' (Democratic) 53.91% |
||
* [[Chauncey Abbott]] (Whig) 38.67% |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[Chauncey Abbott]] (Whig) 38.67% |
||
* James L. Enos (Free Soil) 7.41% |
* {{party stripe|Free Soil Party}}James L. Enos (Free Soil) 7.41% |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 1,082: | Line 1,088: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[John B. Macy]]''' (Democratic) 55.42% |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[John B. Macy]]''' (Democratic) 55.42% |
||
* [[James McMillan Shafter]] (Whig) 36.32% |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[James McMillan Shafter]] (Whig) 36.32% |
||
* Hiram McKee (Free Soil) 8.23% |
* {{party stripe|Free Soil Party}}Hiram McKee (Free Soil) 8.23% |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
Line 1,096: | Line 1,102: | ||
| [[Henry Hastings Sibley]] |
| [[Henry Hastings Sibley]] |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1848 Wisconsin Territory's at-large congressional district special election|1848 {{Small|( |
| [[1848 Wisconsin Territory's at-large congressional district special election|1848 {{Small|(Wis. Territory: special)}}]]<br/>1849 {{Small|(Wis. Territory: eliminated)}}<br/>[[1849 United States House of Representatives election in Minnesota Territory|1849 {{Small|(Minn. Territory)}}]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New delegate elected.<br/>Democratic hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New delegate elected.<br/>Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[Henry |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry M. Rice]]''' (Democratic) 2360 votes |
||
* Wilkin{{efn|Full name unpublished in source, presumably [[Alexander Wilkin]] (Whig)}} 728 votes<ref>{{Cite web |last=Greeley |first=Horace |date=February 22, 1868 |title=The Tribune Almanac for the Years L838 to L868, Inclusive: Comprehending the Politician's Register and the Whig Almanac, Containing Annual Election Returns by States and Counties ... Political Essays ... &c., Making a Connected Political History for Thirty Years |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IL8pAAAAYAAJ&q=Wilkin&pg=RA1-PA51 |publisher=New York tribune |via=Google Books}}</ref> |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}Wilkin{{efn|Full name unpublished in source, presumably [[Alexander Wilkin]] (Whig)}} 728 votes<ref>{{Cite web |last=Greeley |first=Horace |date=February 22, 1868 |title=The Tribune Almanac for the Years L838 to L868, Inclusive: Comprehending the Politician's Register and the Whig Almanac, Containing Annual Election Returns by States and Counties ... Political Essays ... &c., Making a Connected Political History for Thirty Years |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IL8pAAAAYAAJ&q=Wilkin&pg=RA1-PA51 |publisher=New York tribune |via=Google Books}}</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
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| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1851 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico Territory|1851]] |
| [[1851 United States House of Representatives election in New Mexico Territory|1851]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New delegate elected in 1853.<br/>Democratic hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New delegate elected in 1853.<br/>Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[José Manuel Gallegos|Jose Gallegos]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[José Manuel Gallegos|Jose Gallegos]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* [[William Carr Lane]] (Whig)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=278566|title = Our Campaigns - NM Territorial Delegate Race - Oct 01, 1853}}</ref> |
* {{party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[William Carr Lane]] (Whig)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=278566|title = Our Campaigns - NM Territorial Delegate Race - Oct 01, 1853}}</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
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| Incumbent re-elected. |
| Incumbent re-elected. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Aye}} '''[[Joseph Lane]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Joseph Lane]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=September 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=September 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
||
* [[1852 United States elections]] |
* [[1852 United States elections]] |
||
** [[List of United States House of Representatives elections |
** [[List of United States House of Representatives elections (1824–1854)]] |
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** [[1852 United States presidential election]] |
** [[1852 United States presidential election]] |
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** [[1852–53 United States Senate elections]] |
** [[1852–53 United States Senate elections]] |
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{{1853 United States elections}} |
{{1853 United States elections}} |
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⚫ | |||
[[Category:1852 United States House of Representatives elections| ]] |
[[Category:1852 United States House of Representatives elections| ]] |
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[[Category:1853 United States House of Representatives elections| ]] |
[[Category:1853 United States House of Representatives elections| ]] |
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The 1852–53 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 2, 1852, and November 8, 1853. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 33rd United States Congress convened on December 5, 1853. The size of the House increased to 234 seats following the congressional reapportionment based on the 1850 United States census.
Democrats increased their House majority while electing national compromise candidate Franklin Pierce, a Northerner favorable to Southern interests, to the Presidency. Effects of the Compromise of 1850 temporarily had reduced sectional tensions, and both major parties, Democrats and Whigs, unified around the 1852 presidential campaign, with Whig unity more tenuous. Two small parties, the Constitutional Unionists and States' Rights parties, collapsed before this election, while the Free Soil Party, opposing slavery in the Western territories, retained four seats. One Independent, Caleb Lyon, was elected from New York.
Election summaries
[edit]Following the 1850 census, the House was reapportioned. In the initial apportionment bill, the number of seats was unchanged at 233,[1] but later one seat was added to California's delegation, increasing the total apportionment to 234, due to returns from California being determined to be incomplete.[2]
158 | 4 | 1 | 71 |
Democratic | FS | I | Whig |
State | Type | Date | Total seats | Democratic | Free Soil | Whig | Others | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Iowa | Districts | August 2, 1852 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Missouri | Districts | August 2, 1852 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | |||||
Vermont | Districts | September 7, 1852 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | |||||
Maine | Districts | September 13, 1852 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | |||||
Florida | At-large | October 5, 1852 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Indiana | Districts | October 12, 1852 | 11 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Ohio | Districts | October 12, 1852 | 21 | 12 | 2 | 7 | 0 | |||||
Pennsylvania | Districts | October 12, 1852 | 25 | 16 | 0 | 9 | 0 | |||||
California | At-large | November 2, 1852 (Election Day)[e] |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Illinois | Districts | 9 | 5[f] | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||||||
Michigan | Districts | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
New Jersey | Districts | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
New York | Districts | 33 | 21 | 1 | 10 | 1[g] | ||||||
Wisconsin | Districts | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Delaware | At-large | November 8, 1852 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Massachusetts | Districts | November 8, 1852 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 0 | |||||
South Carolina | Districts | February 28 – March 1, 1853 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Late elections (after the March 4, 1853 beginning of the term) | ||||||||||||
New Hampshire | Districts | March 8, 1853 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Connecticut | Districts | April 4, 1853 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Rhode Island | Districts | April 6, 1853 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Virginia | Districts | May 26, 1853 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Arkansas | Districts | August 1, 1853 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Kentucky | Districts | August 1, 1853 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | |||||
Texas | Districts | August 1, 1853 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
North Carolina | Districts | August 4, 1853 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | |||||
Tennessee | Districts | August 4, 1853 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | |||||
Alabama | Districts | August 8, 1853 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Georgia | Districts | October 3, 1853 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||||
Louisiana | Districts | November 1, 1853 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Maryland | Districts | November 2, 1853 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||||
Mississippi | District + 1 at-large | November 7–8, 1853 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Total | 234 | 158[f] 67.5% |
4 1.7% |
71 30.3% |
1 0.4% |
Alabama
[edit]Arkansas
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas 1 | Robert W. Johnson Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic | 1846 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.[3] |
|
Arkansas 2 | New seat. Democratic gain. |
|
California
[edit]Note: From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858; in 1860 when California gained a seat in the House the top three vote-getters were elected.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Edward C. Marshall | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Joseph W. McCorkle | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
Connecticut
[edit]Delaware
[edit]Florida
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida at-large | Edward C. Cabell | Whig | 1846 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Georgia
[edit]Illinois
[edit]Indiana
[edit]Iowa
[edit]Kentucky
[edit]Louisiana
[edit]Maine
[edit]Maryland
[edit]Massachusetts
[edit]The elections were held November 8, 1852. However, many of the districts went to a December 13, 1852 second ballot.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | Zeno Scudder Redistricted from the 10th district |
Whig | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected on the second ballot. | First ballot (November 8, 1852):
Second ballot (December 13, 1852):
|
Massachusetts 2 | |||||
Massachusetts 3 | |||||
Massachusetts 4 | |||||
Massachusetts 5 | |||||
Massachusetts 6 | |||||
Massachusetts 7 | |||||
Massachusetts 8 | |||||
Massachusetts 9 | |||||
Massachusetts 10 | |||||
Massachusetts 11 |
Michigan
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | Ebenezer J. Penniman | Whig | 1850 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Michigan 2 | Charles E. Stuart | Democratic | 1847 (special) 1848 (lost) 1850 |
Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Michigan 3 | James L. Conger | Whig | 1850 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Michigan 4 | None (New seat) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
|
Mississippi
[edit]Elections held late, from November 7 to 8, 1853
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi at-large | None (new district) | New seat. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Mississippi 1 | Benjamin D. Nabers | Unionist | 1851 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Mississippi 2 | John A. Wilcox | Unionist | 1851 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Whig. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Mississippi 3 | John D. Freeman | Unionist | 1851 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Mississippi 4 | Albert G. Brown | Southern Rights | 1847 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
▌ |
Missouri
[edit]New Hampshire
[edit]New Jersey
[edit]New York
[edit]North Carolina
[edit]Ohio
[edit]Pennsylvania
[edit]Rhode Island
[edit]South Carolina
[edit]Tennessee
[edit]Elections held late, on August 4, 1853.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Andrew Johnson | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor. Democratic loss. |
|
Albert G. Watkins Redistricted from the 2nd district. |
Whig | 1849 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. | ||
Tennessee 2 | William M. Churchwell Redistricted from the 3rd district. |
Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 3 | New district | New member elected. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Tennessee 4 | John H. Savage | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
|
William Cullom Redistricted from the 8th district. |
Whig | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Tennessee 5 | New district | New member elected. Whig gain. |
| ||
Tennessee 6 | William H. Polk | Independent Democratic |
1851 | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic loss. |
▌ |
George W. Jones Redistricted from the 5th district. |
Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Tennessee 7 | Meredith P. Gentry | Whig | 1845 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig hold. |
|
Tennessee 8 | New district | New member elected. Whig gain. |
| ||
Tennessee 9 | Isham G. Harris | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
|
Christopher H. Williams Redistricted from the 11th district. |
Whig | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Tennessee 10 | Frederick P. Stanton | Democratic | 1845 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas
[edit]Vermont
[edit]Virginia
[edit]Wisconsin
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[26] | |
Wisconsin 1 | Charles Durkee | Free Soil | 1848 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Wisconsin 2 | Ben C. Eastman | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 3 | James Duane Doty | Ind. Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Non-voting delegates
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Minnesota Territory | Henry Hastings Sibley | Democratic | 1848 (Wis. Territory: special) 1849 (Wis. Territory: eliminated) 1849 (Minn. Territory) |
Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Democratic hold. |
|
New Mexico Territory | Richard H. Weightman | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected in 1853. Democratic hold. |
|
Oregon Territory | Joseph Lane | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Includes three Union Whigs and two Union Democrats.
- ^ Includes four Southern Rights Democrats.
- ^ Included three Independent Democrats and one Independent Whig.
- ^ Includes one Independent, one Independent Democrat, and the Benton Independent.
- ^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
- ^ a b Includes 1 Independent Democrat, William Henry Bissell, elected to IL-08.
- ^ Caleb Lyon was elected to NY-23 as an Independent.
- ^ Previous election had 1 Constitutional Union member.
- ^ Previous election had 6 Constitutional Union and 2 States' Rights.
- ^ Previous election had 3 Constitutional Union and 1 States' Rights.
- ^ Full name unpublished in source, presumably Alexander Wilkin (Whig)
References
[edit]- ^ 9 Stat. 432
- ^ 10 Stat. 25
- ^ a b c Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1016. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - CA - at Large Race - Nov 02, 1852".
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 1 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 08, 1852".
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 1 - 2nd Trial Race - Dec 13, 1852".
- ^ "MI - District 01 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 02 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 03 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 04 Race - Nov 02, 1852". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MS - At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 16, 2021.
- ^ "Official Vote on Members of Congress". The Weekly Wisconsin. December 8, 1852. p. 3. Retrieved May 23, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Greeley, Horace (February 22, 1868). "The Tribune Almanac for the Years L838 to L868, Inclusive: Comprehending the Politician's Register and the Whig Almanac, Containing Annual Election Returns by States and Counties ... Political Essays ... &c., Making a Connected Political History for Thirty Years". New York tribune – via Google Books.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NM Territorial Delegate Race - Oct 01, 1853".
Bibliography
[edit]- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
[edit]- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)