1802–03 United States Senate elections: Difference between revisions
m Shibbolethink moved page 1802 and 1803 United States Senate elections to 1802–03 United States Senate elections: per RM close here, attempt to fix whitespace issue for these moves (By MassMover) |
Oath2order (talk | contribs) |
||
(15 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|none}} |
{{Short description|none}} |
||
{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
||
| election_name |
| election_name = 1802–03 United States Senate elections |
||
| country |
| country = United States |
||
| flag_year |
| flag_year = 1795 |
||
| type |
| type = legislative |
||
| ongoing |
| ongoing = no |
||
| previous_election |
| previous_election = 1800–01 United States Senate elections |
||
| previous_year |
| previous_year = {{Nowrap|1800 & 1801}} |
||
| next_election |
| next_election = 1804–05 United States Senate elections |
||
| next_year |
| next_year = {{Nowrap|1804 & 1805}} |
||
| seats_for_election = 11 of the 32 seats in the [[United States Senate]] (plus special elections) |
| seats_for_election = 11 of the 32 seats in the [[United States Senate]] (plus special elections) |
||
| majority_seats |
| majority_seats = 17 |
||
| election_date |
| election_date = Dates vary by state |
||
| image_size |
| image_size = 100px |
||
| 1blank |
| 1blank = Seats up |
||
| 2blank |
| 2blank = Races won |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| seats_before1 = '''17''' |
|||
⚫ | |||
| |
| seats_after1 = '''22''' |
||
⚫ | |||
| seats_after1 = '''22''' |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| seats_after2 = 9 |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| |
| 1data2 = 9 |
||
| 2data2 = 3 |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| 1data2 = 9 |
|||
| |
| before_election = |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| before_election = |
|||
| map_image = File:1802senatemap.svg |
|||
⚫ | |||
| map_caption = '''Results:'''<br/>{{Legend0|#bef3be|Dem-Republican hold}} {{legend0|#008000|Dem-Republican gain}}<br/>{{Legend0|#f2bfa6|Federalist hold}} {{legend0|#000000ff|Legislature failed to elect}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
}} |
}} |
||
The '''1802–03 United States Senate elections''' were held on various dates in various states. As these [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] elections were prior to the ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Seventeenth Amendment]] in 1913, senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1802 and 1803, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to [[Gridlock (politics)|legislative deadlock]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment|title=17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)|website=National Archives and Records Administration|date=February 8, 2022}}</ref> In these elections, terms were up for the senators in [[Classes of United States senators|Class 1]]. |
|||
The '''1802 and 1803 United States Senate elections''' were elections for the [[United States Senate]] which resulted in the [[Democratic-Republican Party]] maintaining and expanding their majority of seats. |
|||
The [[Democratic-Republican Party]] maintained and greatly expanded their majority of seats to over two-thirds of the Senate. |
|||
As these elections were prior to ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|seventeenth amendment]], Senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]. |
|||
== Change in composition == |
== Change in composition == |
||
=== Before the elections === |
=== Before the elections === |
||
Accounting for the 1802 special elections in [[#New York ( |
Accounting for the 1802 special elections in [[#New York (special)|New York]], [[#Rhode Island (special)|Rhode Island]], and [[#South Carolina (special)|South Carolina]]. |
||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:800px" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:800px" |
||
Line 55: | Line 54: | ||
| {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|4}} |
| {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|4}} |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|3}} |
| {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|3}} |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|2}}<br/>{{Small|[[#South Carolina ( |
| {{party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|2}}<br/>{{Small|[[#South Carolina (special)|S.C. (sp)]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
||
| {{party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|1}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New York ( |
| {{party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|1}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New York (special)|N.Y. (sp)]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 91: | Line 90: | ||
| {{party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|3}} |
| {{party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|3}} |
||
| {{party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|2}} |
| {{party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|2}} |
||
| {{party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|1}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Rhode Island ( |
| {{party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|1}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Rhode Island (special)|R.I. (sp)]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
Line 232: | Line 231: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#New York ( |
! [[#New York (special)|New York]]<br/>(Class 3) |
||
| [[John Armstrong, Jr.]] |
| [[John Armstrong, Jr.]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[November 1800 United States Senate special election in New York|1800 {{Small|( |
| [[November 1800 United States Senate special election in New York|1800 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned February 5, 1802.<br/>Winner [[1802 United States Senate special election in New York|elected]] '''February 11, 1802'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned February 5, 1802.<br/>Winner [[1802 United States Senate special election in New York|elected]] '''February 11, 1802'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
Line 243: | Line 242: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#New Hampshire ( |
! [[#New Hampshire (special)|New Hampshire]]<br/>(Class 3) |
||
| [[James Sheafe]] |
| [[James Sheafe]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
||
Line 255: | Line 254: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#South Carolina ( |
! [[#South Carolina (special)|South Carolina]]<br/>(Class 3) |
||
| [[John E. Colhoun]] |
| [[John E. Colhoun]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
Line 321: | Line 320: | ||
| [[John E. Howard]] |
| [[John E. Howard]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
||
| [[1796 United States Senate special election in Maryland|1796 {{Small|( |
| [[1796 United States Senate special election in Maryland|1796 {{Small|(special)}}]]<br/>[[1796 United States Senate election in Maryland|1796]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1802 United States Senate election in Maryland|elected]] November 17, 1802.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1802 United States Senate election in Maryland|elected]] November 17, 1802.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
Line 332: | Line 331: | ||
| [[Jonathan Mason (Massachusetts politician)|Jonathan Mason]] |
| [[Jonathan Mason (Massachusetts politician)|Jonathan Mason]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
||
| [[November 1800 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1800 {{Small|( |
| [[November 1800 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1800 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[1803 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|elected]] February 7, 1803, on the fourth ballot.<br/>Federalist hold. |
| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[1803 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|elected]] February 7, 1803, on the fourth ballot.<br/>Federalist hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
Line 345: | Line 344: | ||
| [[Aaron Ogden]] |
| [[Aaron Ogden]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
||
| [[1801 United States Senate special election in New Jersey|1801 {{Small|( |
| [[1801 United States Senate special election in New Jersey|1801 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Federalist loss.''' |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Federalist loss.''' |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
Line 356: | Line 355: | ||
| [[Gouverneur Morris]] |
| [[Gouverneur Morris]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
||
| [[April 1800 United States Senate special election in New York|1800 {{Small|( |
| [[April 1800 United States Senate special election in New York|1800 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1803 United States Senate election in New York|elected]] February 1, 1803, on the 2nd ballot.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1803 United States Senate election in New York|elected]] February 1, 1803, on the 2nd ballot.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
Line 368: | Line 367: | ||
| [[James Ross (Pennsylvania politician)|James Ross]] |
| [[James Ross (Pennsylvania politician)|James Ross]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
||
| [[1794 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania|1794 {{Small|( |
| [[1794 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania|1794 {{Small|(special)}}]]<br/>[[1797 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1797]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[1802 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|elected]] December 14, 1802.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[1802 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|elected]] December 14, 1802.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
Line 390: | Line 389: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Tennessee (Regular)|Tennessee]] |
! [[#Tennessee (Regular)|Tennessee]] |
||
| [[Joseph Anderson]] |
| [[Joseph Anderson (Tennessee politician)|Joseph Anderson]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-<br/>Republican |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-<br/>Republican |
||
| [[1799 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|1799 {{Small|( |
| [[1799 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|1799 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Legislature did not elect until September 22, 1803, after the term began, see below.{{citation needed | date=February 2018}}<br/>'''Democratic-Republican loss'''. |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Legislature did not elect until September 22, 1803, after the term began, see below.{{citation needed | date=February 2018}}<br/>'''Democratic-Republican loss'''. |
||
| nowrap | None. |
| nowrap | None. |
||
Line 400: | Line 399: | ||
| [[Nathaniel Chipman]] |
| [[Nathaniel Chipman]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
||
| [[1797 United States Senate special election in Vermont|1797 {{Small|( |
| [[1797 United States Senate special election in Vermont|1797 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1802 United States Senate election in Vermont|elected]] in 1802.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1802 United States Senate election in Vermont|elected]] in 1802.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
Line 412: | Line 411: | ||
| [[Stevens Thomson Mason (Virginia)|Stevens Mason]] |
| [[Stevens Thomson Mason (Virginia)|Stevens Mason]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-<br/>Republican |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-<br/>Republican |
||
| [[1794 United States Senate special elections in Virginia|1794 {{Small|( |
| [[1794 United States Senate special elections in Virginia|1794 {{Small|(special)}}]]<br/>[[1796 United States Senate election in Virginia|1796]] |
||
| Incumbent [[1803 United States Senate election in Virginia|re-elected]] in 1803. |
| Incumbent [[1803 United States Senate election in Virginia|re-elected]] in 1803. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
Line 452: | Line 451: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Tennessee ( |
! [[#Tennessee (special)|Tennessee]]<br/>(Class 1) |
||
| colspan=3 | Vacant |
| colspan=3 | Vacant |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Legislature had failed to elect.{{citation needed | date=February 2018}}<br/>Predecessor [[1803 United States Senate elections in Tennessee|re-elected]] late '''September 22, 1803''' on the 4th ballot.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Legislature had failed to elect.{{citation needed | date=February 2018}}<br/>Predecessor [[1803 United States Senate elections in Tennessee|re-elected]] late '''September 22, 1803''' on the 4th ballot.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Joseph Anderson]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 19 |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Joseph Anderson (Tennessee politician)|Joseph Anderson]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 19 |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Daniel Smith (surveyor)|Daniel Smith]] (Democratic-Republican) 17<ref>{{Cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 1, 2018 | title= Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.4.1803}}, citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1803. 21-22.</ref> |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Daniel Smith (surveyor)|Daniel Smith]] (Democratic-Republican) 17<ref>{{Cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= February 1, 2018 | title= Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.4.1803}}, citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1803. 21-22.</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#New Jersey ( |
! [[#New Jersey (special)|New Jersey]]<br/>(Class 1) |
||
| [[John Condit]] |
| [[John Condit]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
Line 472: | Line 471: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Virginia ( |
! [[#Virginia (special)|Virginia]]<br/>(Class 1) |
||
| [[John Taylor of Caroline|John Taylor]] |
| [[John Taylor of Caroline|John Taylor]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1792 United States Senate special election in Virginia|1792 {{Small|( |
| [[1792 United States Senate special election in Virginia|1792 {{Small|(special)}}]]<br/>[[1793 United States Senate election in Virginia|1793]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Predecessor [[Stevens T. Mason]] (DR) had died May 10, 1803, having just begun the new term.<br/>Interim appointee served from June 4, 1803, and did not seek election to finish the term.<br/>Winner [[1803 United States Senate special election in Virginia|elected]] '''December 7, 1803'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Predecessor [[Stevens T. Mason]] (DR) had died May 10, 1803, having just begun the new term.<br/>Interim appointee served from June 4, 1803, and did not seek election to finish the term.<br/>Winner [[1803 United States Senate special election in Virginia|elected]] '''December 7, 1803'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
Line 505: | Line 504: | ||
| [[William Cocke]] |
| [[William Cocke]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-<br/>Republican |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-<br/>Republican |
||
| [[1799 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|1799 {{Small|( |
| [[1799 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|1799 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[1803 United States Senate elections in Tennessee|elected early]] '''September 23, 1803'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[1803 United States Senate elections in Tennessee|elected early]] '''September 23, 1803'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
Line 516: | Line 515: | ||
== Connecticut == |
== Connecticut == |
||
<!--{{Main|1803 United States Senate election in Connecticut}}--> |
<!--{{Main|1803 United States Senate election in Connecticut}}--> |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Connecticut}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from Connecticut}}Federalist incumbent James Hillhouse (originally elected in 1796) was re-elected.{{Expand section|date=October 2019}} |
||
{{Expand section|date=October 2019}} |
|||
== Delaware == |
== Delaware == |
||
Line 552: | Line 550: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
[[Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)|Samuel Smith]] won election over [[John Eager Howard]] by a margin of 21.05%, or 16 votes, for the Class 1 seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122621|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 17, 1802|access-date=2022-11-04|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref> |
[[Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)|Samuel Smith]] won election over [[John Eager Howard]] by a margin of 21.05%, or 16 votes, for the Class 1 seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122621|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 17, 1802|access-date=2022-11-04|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref> |
||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== Massachusetts == |
== Massachusetts == |
||
Line 558: | Line 558: | ||
{{Expand section|date=October 2019}} |
{{Expand section|date=October 2019}} |
||
== New Hampshire ( |
== New Hampshire (special) == |
||
<!--{{Main|1802 United States Senate special election in New Hampshire}}--> |
<!--{{Main|1802 United States Senate special election in New Hampshire}}--> |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from New Hampshire}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from New Hampshire}} |
||
Line 568: | Line 568: | ||
There were two elections to the class 1 seat. |
There were two elections to the class 1 seat. |
||
=== New Jersey ( |
=== New Jersey (regular) === |
||
<!--{{Main|1802 United States Senate special election in New Jersey}}--> |
<!--{{Main|1802 United States Senate special election in New Jersey}}--> |
||
The [[New Jersey legislature]] failed to elect by the March 4, 1803, beginning of the term. |
The [[New Jersey legislature]] failed to elect by the March 4, 1803, beginning of the term. |
||
Line 574: | Line 574: | ||
{{Expand section|date=October 2019}} |
{{Expand section|date=October 2019}} |
||
=== New Jersey ( |
=== New Jersey (special) === |
||
<!--{{Main|1803 United States Senate special election in New Jersey}}--> |
<!--{{Main|1803 United States Senate special election in New Jersey}}--> |
||
The governor appointed Democratic-Republican [[John Condit]] September 1, 1803, to continue the term. Condit was then unanimously elected November 3, 1803, to finish the term. No vote totals were recorded.<ref>{{cite book |last= New Jersey Legislature |date=1804 |title=Minutes and Proceedings of the Joint Meeting, November 3, 1803 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101077906251;view=1up;seq=366 |location=Trenton, NJ |publisher=Sherman, Mershon & Thomas |page=44}}</ref> |
The governor appointed Democratic-Republican [[John Condit]] September 1, 1803, to continue the term. Condit was then unanimously elected November 3, 1803, to finish the term. No vote totals were recorded.<ref>{{cite book |last= New Jersey Legislature |date=1804 |title=Minutes and Proceedings of the Joint Meeting, November 3, 1803 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101077906251;view=1up;seq=366 |location=Trenton, NJ |publisher=Sherman, Mershon & Thomas |page=44}}</ref> |
||
Line 581: | Line 581: | ||
{{See also|List of United States senators from New York}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from New York}} |
||
=== New York ( |
=== New York (special) === |
||
[[File:John Wesley Jarvis - DeWitt Clinton - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[DeWitt Clinton]]]] |
[[File:John Wesley Jarvis - DeWitt Clinton - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[DeWitt Clinton]]]] |
||
<!--{{Main|1802 United States Senate special election in New York}}--> |
<!--{{Main|1802 United States Senate special election in New York}}--> |
||
Line 589: | Line 589: | ||
{{Clear}} |
{{Clear}} |
||
=== New York ( |
=== New York (regular) === |
||
[[File:TheodorusBailey.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[Theodorus Bailey (politician)|Theodorus Bailey]]]] |
[[File:TheodorusBailey.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[Theodorus Bailey (politician)|Theodorus Bailey]]]] |
||
<!--{{Main|1802 United States Senate election in New York}}--> |
<!--{{Main|1802 United States Senate election in New York}}--> |
||
Line 612: | Line 612: | ||
{{Expand section|date=October 2019}} |
{{Expand section|date=October 2019}} |
||
== South Carolina ( |
== South Carolina (special) == |
||
<!--{{Main|1802 United States Senate special election in South Carolina}}--> |
<!--{{Main|1802 United States Senate special election in South Carolina}}--> |
||
{{See also|List of United States senators from South Carolina}} |
{{See also|List of United States senators from South Carolina}} |
||
Line 632: | Line 632: | ||
There were two elections to the same seat as the newly-re-elected senator died at the beginning of the next term. |
There were two elections to the same seat as the newly-re-elected senator died at the beginning of the next term. |
||
=== Virginia ( |
=== Virginia (regular) === |
||
[[File:Sthmason.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[Stevens Thomson Mason (senator)|Stevens Mason]]]] |
|||
<!--{{Main|1803 United States Senate election in Virginia}}--> |
<!--{{Main|1803 United States Senate election in Virginia}}--> |
||
Two-term Democratic-Republican [[Stevens Thomson Mason (senator)|Stevens Mason]] was re-elected in 1803. |
Two-term Democratic-Republican [[Stevens Thomson Mason (senator)|Stevens Mason]] was re-elected in 1803. |
||
Line 639: | Line 638: | ||
{{Clear}} |
{{Clear}} |
||
=== Virginia ( |
=== Virginia (special) === |
||
[[File:A-Bedford-Venable.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[Abraham B. Venable]]]] |
[[File:A-Bedford-Venable.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[Abraham B. Venable]]]] |
||
<!--{{Main|1803 United States Senate special election in Virginia}}--> |
<!--{{Main|1803 United States Senate special election in Virginia}}--> |
||
Line 648: | Line 647: | ||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
* [[1802 United States elections]] |
* [[1802 United States elections]] |
||
** [[ |
** [[1802–03 United States House of Representatives elections]] |
||
⚫ | |||
* [[7th United States Congress]] |
* [[7th United States Congress]] |
||
* [[8th United States Congress]] |
* [[8th United States Congress]] |
||
Line 663: | Line 661: | ||
{{1803 United States elections}} |
{{1803 United States elections}} |
||
⚫ | |||
[[Category:1802 United States Senate elections| ]] |
[[Category:1802 United States Senate elections| ]] |
||
[[Category:1803 United States Senate elections| ]] |
[[Category:1803 United States Senate elections| ]] |
Latest revision as of 01:49, 7 March 2023
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 of the 32 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 17 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Results: Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain Federalist hold Legislature failed to elect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The 1802–03 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1802 and 1803, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
The Democratic-Republican Party maintained and greatly expanded their majority of seats to over two-thirds of the Senate.
Change in composition[edit]
Before the elections[edit]
Accounting for the 1802 special elections in New York, Rhode Island, and South Carolina.
DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 S.C. (sp) Hold |
DR1 N.Y. (sp) Hold | ||||
DR7 | DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 Va. (reg) Ran |
Majority → | DR17 Tenn. Unknown | ||||||||
F7 Conn. Ran |
F8 Del. Ran |
F9 Md. Ran |
F10 N.J. (reg) Ran |
F11 N.Y. (reg) Ran |
F12 Vt. Ran |
F13 R.I. Retired |
F14 Pa. Retired |
F15 Mass. Retired | |
F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 R.I. (sp) Hold |
Result of the regular elections[edit]
DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
DR7 | DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 Md. Re-elected |
Majority → | DR17 N.Y. (reg) Gain | ||||||||
F7 Conn. Re-elected |
F8 Del. Re-elected |
F9 Mass. Hold |
V1 N.J. (reg) Fed loss |
V2 Tenn. DR loss |
DR21 Va. (reg) Gain |
DR20 Vt. Gain |
DR19 R.I. Gain |
DR18 Pa. Gain | |
F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 |
Beginning of the first session, October 17, 1803[edit]
DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
F8 | F9 | DR25 Ohio New state |
DR24 Ohio New state |
DR23 N.J. (reg) Appointee elected |
DR22 Tenn. Re-elected |
DR21 | DR20 | DR19 | |
F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 |
Key: |
|
---|
Race summaries[edit]
Unless noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
Special elections during the 7th Congress[edit]
In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1803; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
New York (Class 3) |
John Armstrong, Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1800 (special) | Incumbent resigned February 5, 1802. Winner elected February 11, 1802. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
New Hampshire (Class 3) |
James Sheafe | Federalist | 1800 | Incumbent resigned June 14, 1802. Winner elected June 17, 1802. Federalist hold. |
|
South Carolina (Class 3) |
John E. Colhoun | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent died October 26, 1802. Winner elected November 4, 1802. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
Races leading to the 8th Congress[edit]
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1803; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Connecticut | James Hillhouse | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected October 27, 1802. |
|
Delaware | Samuel White | Federalist | 1801 (Appointed) | Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1803. |
|
Maryland | John E. Howard | Federalist | 1796 (special) 1796 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected November 17, 1802. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
Massachusetts | Jonathan Mason | Federalist | 1800 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected February 7, 1803, on the fourth ballot. Federalist hold. |
|
New Jersey | Aaron Ogden | Federalist | 1801 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Federalist loss. |
|
New York | Gouverneur Morris | Federalist | 1800 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 1, 1803, on the 2nd ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
Pennsylvania | James Ross | Federalist | 1794 (special) 1797 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 14, 1802. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
Rhode Island | Theodore Foster | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1802. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
Tennessee | Joseph Anderson | Democratic- Republican |
1799 (special) | Legislature did not elect until September 22, 1803, after the term began, see below.[citation needed] Democratic-Republican loss. |
None. |
Vermont | Nathaniel Chipman | Federalist | 1797 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1802. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
Virginia | Stevens Mason | Democratic- Republican |
1794 (special) 1796 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1803. |
|
Special elections during the 8th Congress[edit]
In this special election, the winner was seated in 1803 after March 4.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Ohio (Class 1) |
New seat | Ohio joined the Union in 1803. Winner elected April 1, 1803. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
Ohio (Class 3) |
New seat | Ohio joined the Union in 1803. Winner elected April 1, 1803. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
Tennessee (Class 1) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect.[citation needed] Predecessor re-elected late September 22, 1803 on the 4th ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
New Jersey (Class 1) |
John Condit | Democratic-Republican | 1803 (Appointed) | Legislature had failed to elect. Condit was then appointed September 1, 1803, to continue the term. He was then elected November 3, 1803. |
|
Virginia (Class 1) |
John Taylor | Democratic-Republican | 1792 (special) 1793 |
Predecessor Stevens T. Mason (DR) had died May 10, 1803, having just begun the new term. Interim appointee served from June 4, 1803, and did not seek election to finish the term. Winner elected December 7, 1803. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
Early race leading to the Congress-after-next[edit]
In this regular election, the winner was seated on March 4, 1805; ordered by state.
This election involved a Class 2 seat.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Tennessee | William Cocke | Democratic- Republican |
1799 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected early September 23, 1803. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
Connecticut[edit]
Federalist incumbent James Hillhouse (originally elected in 1796) was re-elected.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Delaware[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Maryland[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) |
| ||||||||||||||||
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Samuel Smith won election over John Eager Howard by a margin of 21.05%, or 16 votes, for the Class 1 seat.[18]
Massachusetts[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
New Hampshire (special)[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
New Jersey[edit]
There were two elections to the class 1 seat.
New Jersey (regular)[edit]
The New Jersey legislature failed to elect by the March 4, 1803, beginning of the term.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
New Jersey (special)[edit]
The governor appointed Democratic-Republican John Condit September 1, 1803, to continue the term. Condit was then unanimously elected November 3, 1803, to finish the term. No vote totals were recorded.[19]
New York[edit]
New York (special)[edit]
Democratic-Republican John Armstrong Jr., who had held the class 3 seat since 1801, resigned February 5, 1802, and Democratic-Republican DeWitt Clinton was elected February 23, 1802, to finish the term. Clinton, however, resigned November 4, 1803, and Armstrong was appointed December 8, 1803, to his old seat.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
New York (regular)[edit]
Federalist Gouverneur Morris lost re-election to the class 1 seat to Democratic-Republican Theodorus Bailey in 1803.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Ohio[edit]
Ohio joined the Union in 1803. New Democratic-Republican senators were elected April 1, 1803. Official records indicate that John Smith and Thomas Worthington were elected, and that Smith received the "long" term, while Worthington received the "short" one. They do not indicate if there were other candidates, or what the vote totals were.[20]
Pennsylvania[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Rhode Island[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
South Carolina (special)[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Tennessee[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Vermont[edit]
Federalist Senator Nathaniel Chipman lost re-election to Democratic-Republican Israel Smith. Smith received 102 votes in the Vermont House of Representatives and 9 from the Governor and Council.[12] Spencer received 75 votes from the House and 4 from the Governor and Council.[12]
Virginia[edit]
There were two elections to the same seat as the newly-re-elected senator died at the beginning of the next term.
Virginia (regular)[edit]
Two-term Democratic-Republican Stevens Mason was re-elected in 1803.
Virginia (special)[edit]
Mason died May 10, 1803, having just begun the new term. Democratic-Republican John Taylor was appointed but chose not to run to finish the term. Democratic-Republican Abraham B. Venable was elected December 7, 1803, as the unanimous choice of the Virginia General Assembly. No vote totals were recorded.[16]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ^ "New York 1802 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing The Poughkeepsie Journal (Poughkeepsie, NY). February 16, 1802.
- ^ "New Hampshire 1802 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing Courier of New Hampshire (Concord, NH). June 24, 1802. The Providence Gazette (Providence, RI). July 3, 1802.
- ^ "South Carolina 1802 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing Original Election Returns. South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia. The Carolina Gazette (Charleston, SC). December 16, 1802. National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser (Washington, DC). December 22, 1802.
- ^ "Connecticut 1802 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing American Mercury (Hartford, CT). November 4, 1802.
- ^ "Delaware 1803 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing Journal of the Delaware State Senate, 1803. 13-14.
- ^ "Maryland 1802 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1802. 10.
- ^ "Massachusetts 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing Columbian Centinel. Massachusetts Federalist (Boston, MA). February 5, 1803. The Independent Chronicle (Boston, MA). February 7, 1803. Columbian Centinel. Massachusetts Federalist (Boston, MA). February 9, 1803. Hampshire Gazette (Northampton, MA). February 9, 1803. Boston Gazette (Boston, MA). February 10, 1803. Republican Star or Eastern Shore General Advertiser (Easton, MD). March 1, 1803. Frederick-Town Herald (Fredericktown, MD). March 5, 1803.
- ^ "New Jersey 1802 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing Middlebury Mercury (Middlebury, VT). December 15, 1802.
- ^ "New York 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1803. 39-40.
- ^ "Rhode Island 1802 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 31, 2018., citing The Providence Phoenix (Providence, RI). November 2, 1802.
- ^ a b c "Bennington: October 25, 1802". City Gazette. Charleston, South Carolina. November 20, 1802. p. 2 – via GenealogyBank.com.
- ^ "Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 1, 2018., citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1803. 21-22.
- ^ "New Jersey 1803 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing The Centinel of Freedom (Newark, NJ). November 8, 1803.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - Candidate - John Condit". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 5, 2019."Our Campaigns - Candidate - John Condit". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
- ^ a b "Richmond: December 10, 1803". Wilmington, North Carolina: Wilmington Gazette. December 27, 1803. p. 4.
Mr. Taylor having declined to serve longer, Abraham B. Venable, esq., was on Wednesday last unanimously elected by the General Assembly in the room of Mr. Taylor.
- ^ "Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1803. 27. Gazette of the United States (Philadelphia, PA). October 18, 1803. White, Robert Hiram. Messages of the Governors of Tennessee, 1796-1821. Vol. 1. Nashville: The Tennessee Historical Commission, 1952.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 17, 1802". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
- ^ New Jersey Legislature (1804). Minutes and Proceedings of the Joint Meeting, November 3, 1803. Trenton, NJ: Sherman, Mershon & Thomas. p. 44.
- ^ Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901. Columbus, Ohio: Century Publishing Co. p. 96 – via Internet Archive.
Sources[edit]
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov