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=== January–March ===
=== January–March ===
* [[January 4]] – Japan's Chancellor of the Realm, [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], sends [[Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan|26 European Christians]], arrested on December 8, on a forced march from [[Kyoto]] to [[Nagasaki]]. The group is executed on February 5.
* [[January 4]] – Japan's Chancellor of the Realm, [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], sends [[Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan|26 European Christians]], arrested on December 8, 1596, on a forced march from [[Kyoto]] to [[Nagasaki]].
* [[January 24]] – [[Battle of Turnhout (1597)|Battle of Turnhout]]: [[Maurice of Nassau]] defeats a Spanish force under Jean de Rie of Varas, in the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Chris Cook|author2=Philip Broadhead|title=The Routledge Companion to Early Modern Europe, 1453-1763|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQkv6TFKMV4C&pg=PA110|date=2 October 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-13065-8|pages=110|language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 24]] – [[Battle of Turnhout (1597)|Battle of Turnhout]]: [[Maurice of Nassau]] defeats a Spanish force under Jean de Rie of Varas, in the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Chris Cook|author2=Philip Broadhead|title=The Routledge Companion to Early Modern Europe, 1453-1763|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQkv6TFKMV4C&pg=PA110|date=2 October 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-13065-8|pages=110|language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 5]] – In [[Japan]], [[26 Martyrs of Japan|26 European Catholic Christians]] are executed in [[Nagasaki]] by crucifixion. They had the misfortune of being shipwrecked on the Japanese coast on October 19.
* [[February 5]] – In [[Japan]], [[26 Martyrs of Japan|26 European Catholic Christians]] are executed in [[Nagasaki]] by crucifixion. They had the misfortune of being shipwrecked on the Japanese coast on October 19, 1596.
* [[February 8]] – Sir [[Anthony Shirley]], England's "best-educated pirate", raids [[Colony of Santiago|Jamaica]].
* [[February 8]] – Sir [[Anthony Shirley]], England's "best-educated pirate", raids [[Colony of Santiago|Jamaica]].
* [[February 24]] – The last battle of the [[Cudgel War]] is fought on the [[Santavuori Hill]] in [[Ilmajoki]], [[Ostrobothnia (historical province)|Ostrobothnia]].<ref>[https://ilmajoki.fi/asuminen-ja-ymparisto/puistot-ja-yleiset-alueet/jaakko-ilkan-leikkipuisto/nuijasota/ Nuijasota – Ilmajoki] (in Finnish)</ref>
* [[February 24]] – The last battle of the [[Cudgel War]] is fought on the [[Santavuori Hill]] in [[Ilmajoki]], [[Ostrobothnia (historical province)|Ostrobothnia]].<ref>[https://ilmajoki.fi/asuminen-ja-ymparisto/puistot-ja-yleiset-alueet/jaakko-ilkan-leikkipuisto/nuijasota/ Nuijasota – Ilmajoki] (in Finnish)</ref>
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=== July–September ===
=== July–September ===
* [[July 14]] – Scottish poet [[Alexander Montgomerie]] is declared an [[outlaw]], after the collapse of a Catholic plot.
* [[July 14]] – Scottish poet [[Alexander Montgomerie]] is declared an [[outlaw]], after the collapse of a Catholic plot.
* [[July 28]] – After the performance of the satirical play ''[[The Isle of Dogs (play)|The Isle of Dogs]]'', written by [[Thomas Nashe]] and [[Ben Jonson]], at the [[The Swan (theatre)|Swan Theatre]], the [[Privy Council of England]] concludes that the "lewd play" if full of [[sedition|seditious]] and [[slander|slanderous]] matter. Jonson is arrested, along with two actors, [[Gabriel Spenser]] and Robert Shaa, and the three are sent to [[Marshalsea Prison]]. A raid on the home of Thomas Nashe seizes his papers, but Nashe is not found. The three prisoners are released later in the year and return to the stage. All copies of the ''The Isle of Dogs'' script are destroyed.
* [[July 28]] – After the performance of the satirical play ''[[The Isle of Dogs (play)|The Isle of Dogs]]'', written by [[Thomas Nashe]] and [[Ben Jonson]], at the [[The Swan (theatre)|Swan Theatre]], the [[Privy Council of England]] concludes that the "lewd play" is full of [[sedition|seditious]] and [[slander|slanderous]] matter. Jonson is arrested, along with two actors, [[Gabriel Spenser]] and Robert Shaa, and the three are sent to [[Marshalsea Prison]]. A raid on the home of Thomas Nashe seizes his papers, but Nashe is not found. The three prisoners are released later in the year and return to the stage. All copies of ''The Isle of Dogs'' script are destroyed.
* [[August 13]] – The [[Siege of Namwon]] begins in [[Korea]].
* [[August 13]] – The [[Siege of Namwon]] begins in [[Korea]].
* [[August 14]] – [[First Dutch Expedition to Indonesia]]: A [[Netherlands|Dutch]] expedition commanded by [[Cornelis de Houtman]] returns to [[Amsterdam]], after having successfully reached [[Java]]. This achievement opens the [[Spice trade]], which had until then been monopolised by the [[Portugal|Portuguese]], to the Dutch, who in the next years launch several more expeditions to the Indies.
* [[August 14]] – [[First Dutch Expedition to Indonesia]]: A [[Netherlands|Dutch]] expedition commanded by [[Cornelis de Houtman]] returns to [[Amsterdam]], after having successfully reached [[Java]]. This achievement opens the [[Spice trade]], which had until then been monopolised by the [[Portugal|Portuguese]], to the Dutch, who in the next years launch several more expeditions to the Indies.
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* [[October 20]] – [[Matthew Hutton (MP)|Matthew Hutton]], English politician (d. [[1666]])
* [[October 20]] – [[Matthew Hutton (MP)|Matthew Hutton]], English politician (d. [[1666]])
* [[November 15]] – [[Juan Tellez-Girón y Enriquez de Ribera, 4th Duke of Osuna]] (d. [[1656]])
* [[November 15]] – [[Juan Tellez-Girón y Enriquez de Ribera, 4th Duke of Osuna]] (d. [[1656]])
* [[November 19]] – [[Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (1597–1660)|Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate]], wife of George William (d. [[1660]])
* [[November 19]] – [[Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (1597–1660)|Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate]], wife of George William, Elector of Brandenburg (d. [[1660]])
* [[December 16]]
* [[December 16]]
** [[George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg]] (d. [[1647]])
** [[George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg]] (d. [[1647]])
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* [[December 17]] – [[Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein]] (b. [[1557]])
* [[December 17]] – [[Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein]] (b. [[1557]])
* [[December 21]] – [[Petrus Canisius]], Dutch [[Jesuit]] priest and saint (b. [[1521]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John McClintock|title=Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dkolilnkt6oC|year=1981|publisher=Baker Book House|isbn=978-0-8010-6123-3|page=74|language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 21]] – [[Petrus Canisius]], Dutch [[Jesuit]] priest and saint (b. [[1521]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John McClintock|title=Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dkolilnkt6oC|year=1981|publisher=Baker Book House|isbn=978-0-8010-6123-3|page=74|language=en}}</ref>
date unknown - [[Margaretha Coppier]], Dutch heroine (b. [[1516]])
* date unknown – [[Margaretha Coppier]], Dutch heroine (b. [[1516]])


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 14:02, 12 March 2024

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
October 26: Battle of Myeongnyang
1597 by topic
Arts and science
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
1597 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1597
MDXCVII
Ab urbe condita2350
Armenian calendar1046
ԹՎ ՌԽԶ
Assyrian calendar6347
Balinese saka calendar1518–1519
Bengali calendar1004
Berber calendar2547
English Regnal year39 Eliz. 1 – 40 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar2141
Burmese calendar959
Byzantine calendar7105–7106
Chinese calendar丙申年 (Fire Monkey)
4294 or 4087
    — to —
丁酉年 (Fire Rooster)
4295 or 4088
Coptic calendar1313–1314
Discordian calendar2763
Ethiopian calendar1589–1590
Hebrew calendar5357–5358
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1653–1654
 - Shaka Samvat1518–1519
 - Kali Yuga4697–4698
Holocene calendar11597
Igbo calendar597–598
Iranian calendar975–976
Islamic calendar1005–1006
Japanese calendarKeichō 2
(慶長２年)
Javanese calendar1517–1518
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar3930
Minguo calendar315 before ROC
民前315年
Nanakshahi calendar129
Thai solar calendar2139–2140
Tibetan calendar阳火猴年
(male Fire-Monkey)
1723 or 1342 or 570
    — to —
阴火鸡年
(female Fire-Rooster)
1724 or 1343 or 571

1597 (MDXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1597th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 597th year of the 2nd millennium, the 97th year of the 16th century, and the 8th year of the 1590s decade. As of the start of 1597, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

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The yellowed title page of Andreas Libavius's Alchemia, in Latin.
Andreas Libavius's Alchemia, an early chemistry text, is published.


January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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  • October 18 – The 3rd Spanish Armada, a fleet of 140 ships, departs from the port of La Coruña with 12,634 soldiers and sailors and a plan to invade the British Isles with a landing at Falmouth in Cornwall. [5]
  • October 21 – The Spanish Armada reaches the English Channel without opposition. An English ship sees the invading force's approach, but is intercepted and sunk, with the survivors being taken prisoner. The Armada encounters a storm the next day. [6]
  • October 25 – Following the loss of an artillery ship and the galleon San Bartolome, Spanish Admiral Diego Brochero orders the remaining ships in the attacking Armada to disperse until the weather improves. [6]
  • October 26 – Battle of Myeongnyang: The Koreans, commanded by Yi Sunsin, are victorious over a Japanese invasion fleet.
  • November 10 – In the last major action during the war of the 3rd Spanish Armada, the galleon Bear of Amsterdam is captured as it approaches Falmouth, where an English squadron intercepts it and leads it into Dartmouth.
  • November 12 – Lingen capitulates to forces led by Maurice of Nassau.
  • November 21 – The remainder of the 3rd Spanish Armada is assembled at La Coruña. Only 108 of the original fleet of 140 ships is left, and many of the vessels require food and supplies. King Philip elects not to attempt another invasion of the British Isles.
  • December 6 – Queen Elizabeth of England appoints George Nicholson as the English Resident in Scotland, the London's chief diplomatic official to Edinburgh, with a letter of accreditation for Nicholson to present to King James VI of Scotland. [7]
  • December 7 – Lazzaro Grimaldi Cebà is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa, as the previous chief executive, Matteo Senarega completes his two-year term. Senarega is given the post of procuratore perpetuo.
  • December 23

Date unknown

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Births

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Henry Gage
Justus Sustermans

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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Deaths

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Willem Barentsz
Edward Kelley
Saint Peter Canisius

References

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  1. ^ Chris Cook; Philip Broadhead (October 2, 2012). The Routledge Companion to Early Modern Europe, 1453-1763. Routledge. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-134-13065-8.
  2. ^ Nuijasota – Ilmajoki (in Finnish)
  3. ^ John Hudson Tiner (1999). Johannes Kepler: Giant of Faith and Science. Mott Media. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-915134-11-3.
  4. ^ DK (October 1, 2009). War. Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 403. ISBN 978-1-4053-4778-5.
  5. ^ "A Strategy of Reaction: The Armadas of 1596 and 1597 and the Spanish Struggle for European Hegemony"", by Edward Tenace, in The English Historical Review (2003) pp. 869–872
  6. ^ a b R. B. Wernham, The Return of the Armadas: The Last Years of the Elizabethan Wars Against Spain 1595–1603 (Clarendon Press, 1994) pp. 185–187
  7. ^ John Duncan Mackie, Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1597-1603 (Edinburgh, 1969) p. 126.
  8. ^ Lisa Jardine; Professor of Renaissance Studies Lisa Jardine (1974). Francis Bacon: Discovery and the Art of Discourse. Cambridge University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-521-20494-1.
  9. ^ "From liquid to vapor and back: origins". Special Collections Department. University of Delaware Library. Retrieved March 12, 2007.
  10. ^ The Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Incorporated. 1999. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-7172-0131-0.
  11. ^ Barwolt Sijbrand Ebbinge; P. S. Tomkovich (2000). Heritage of the Russian Arctic: Research, Conservation, and International Co-operation : Proceedings of the International Scientific Willem Barents Memorial Arctic Conservation Symposium, Held in Moscow, Russia, 10-14 March 1998. Ecopros Publishers. p. 1. ISBN 978-5-88621-057-6.
  12. ^ Saheed A. Adejumobi (2007). The History of Ethiopia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-313-32273-0.
  13. ^ John McClintock (1981). Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. Baker Book House. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-8010-6123-3.
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