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{{Short description|Spanish parliament elected in 2023}}
{{Short description|Spanish parliament elected in 2023}}
{{Expand Spanish|date=July 2023}}
{{Expand Spanish|date=July 2023|topic=gov}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox legislative term

| box_width = 25em
{{Politics of Spain}}
| name = 15th {{Lang|es|[[Cortes Generales]]|italic=no}}
| image = Coat of Arms of the Cortes Generales.svg
| image_size = 100px
| alt =
| caption =
| body = {{Lang|es|[[Cortes Generales]]|italic=no}}
| meeting_place =
| election = [[2023 Spanish general election|23 July 2023]]
| government = [[Third government of Pedro Sánchez|Sánchez III]]
| opposition =
| term_start = {{Start date|2023|08|17|df=yes}}
| term_end =
| before = [[14th Cortes Generales|14th]]
| after =
| website = {{URL|cortesgenerales.es}}
| chamber1 = [[Senate of Spain|Senate]]
| chamber1_image = Senado de España - XV legislatura.svg
| chamber1_image_size =
| chamber1_alt =
| membership1 = 265
| control1 =
| chamber1_leader1_type = [[President of the Senate of Spain|President]]
| chamber1_leader1 = [[Pedro Rollán Ojeda]] ([[People's Party (Spain)|PP]])
| chamber1_leader2_type = 1st Vice President
| chamber1_leader2 = [[Javier Maroto]] ([[People's Party (Spain)|PP]])
| chamber1_leader3_type = {{nowrap|2nd Vice President}}
| chamber1_leader3 = [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] ([[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]])
| chamber2 = [[Congress of Deputies]]
| chamber2_image = Congreso de los Diputados de la XV Legislatura de España.svg
| chamber2_image_size =
| chamber2_alt =
| membership2 = 350
| control2 =
| chamber2_leader1_type = [[President of the Congress of Deputies|President]]
| chamber2_leader1 = [[Francina Armengol]] ([[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]])
| chamber2_leader2_type = 1st Vice President
| chamber2_leader2 = [[Alfonso Rodríguez Gómez de Celis|Alfonso Rodríguez]] ([[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]])
| chamber2_leader3_type = 2nd Vice President
| chamber2_leader3 = [[José Antonio Bermúdez de Castro]] ([[People's Party (Spain)|PP]])
| chamber2_leader4_type = 3rd Vice President
| chamber2_leader4 = [[Esther Gil de Reboleño Lastortres|Esther Gil de Reboleño]] ([[Sumar (electoral platform)|Sumar]])
| chamber2_leader5_type = 4th Vice President
| chamber2_leader5 = [[Marta González Vázquez|Marta González]] ([[People's Party (Spain)|PP]])
| session1_type =
| session1_start =
| session1_end =
}}


The 15th {{Lang|es|[[Cortes Generales]]|italic=no}} were elected in the [[2023 Spanish general election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aragón |first=Heraldo de |title=Pedro Sánchez dispara su última bala: elecciones generales el 23 de julio |url=https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/nacional/2023/05/29/comparecencia-pedro-sanchez-directo-1655061.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=heraldo.es |language=es}}</ref>
The 15th {{Lang|es|[[Cortes Generales]]|italic=no}} were elected in the [[2023 Spanish general election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aragón |first=Heraldo de |title=Pedro Sánchez dispara su última bala: elecciones generales el 23 de julio |url=https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/nacional/2023/05/29/comparecencia-pedro-sanchez-directo-1655061.html |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=heraldo.es |language=es}}</ref>
Line 10: Line 56:
== Election ==
== Election ==
The 15th Spanish general election was held on July 23, 2023. The [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] became the largest party in the Congress of Deputies with 137 seats, overtaking the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] at 121 seats. However, neither major party nor their ostensible allies received enough seats to claim a [[parliamentary majority]].
The 15th Spanish general election was held on July 23, 2023. The [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] became the largest party in the Congress of Deputies with 137 seats, overtaking the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] at 121 seats. However, neither major party nor their ostensible allies received enough seats to claim a [[parliamentary majority]].

== Parliamentary leadership ==
The [[Congress of Deputies]] and the [[Senate of Spain|Senate]] of the 15th {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} were constituted at 10am on Thursday, August 17, 2023. That same day, the members of the Bureaus of both Chambers were also appointed, by secret ballot and in ballot box, directed by the corresponding tables.<ref>{{Cite web |last=País |first=El |date=2023-08-17 |title=La constitución de las Cortes Generales, en directo {{!}} Junts alcanza un principio de acuerdo con el PSOE para facilitar que Armengol presida el Congreso |url=https://elpais.com/espana/elecciones-generales/2023-08-17/la-constitucion-de-las-cortes-generales-resultados-y-pactos-del-23j-en-directo.html |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=El País |language=es}}</ref>

These ballots were held following the [[2023 Spanish general election|general election]] held on 23 July 2023.

=== Congress of Deputies ===

==== Election of president ====
For the election of the Presidency of the Congress of Deputies and of the Board, a first vote is carried out, secret and in a ballot box, with the candidates who run for said position. In this, the absolute majority of the deputies (176/350) is necessary for a candidate to be elected as such. In the event that this absolute majority is not reached, a second vote is carried out, also secret and in a ballot box, with the two candidates with the most votes and the one who obtains a simple majority of the votes will be elected [[President of the Congress of Deputies]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reglamento del Congreso de los Diputados |url=http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Hist_Normas/Norm/reglam_congreso.pdf}}</ref>

[[Francina Armengol]] was elected [[president of the Congress of Deputies]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodríguez |first=Miguel Ángel |date=2023-08-17 |title=Francina Armengol, elegida nueva presidenta del Congreso con los votos de ERC y Junts |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20230817/francina-armengol-elegida-presidenta-congreso-mesa-91041474 |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=elperiodico |language=es}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |1st vote - Presidency (XV legislature)
''<small>Majority required: absolute (176/350, 1st vote)</small>''
|-
!Candidate
!Party
!Votes
! rowspan="8" |
!President
|-
|'''[[Francina Armengol]]'''
|'''[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]'''
|'''178'''
| rowspan="7" |[[File:Francina Armengol 2021.jpg|frameless|122x122px]]<small>'''[[Francina Armengol]]'''</small>
|-
|[[Cuca Gamarra]]
|[[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
|139
|-
|[[Ignacio Gil]]
|[[Vox (political party)|Vox]]
|33
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Blank vote]]
|0
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Spoilt vote|Invalid vote]]
|0
|-
! colspan="3" |
|-
! colspan="2" |'''Total'''
!'''350'''
|}

==== Election of vice presidents ====
After the election of the Presidency, the four vice-presidencies are elected, using the same system as for the previous election. By secret ballot and ballot box, the four candidates with the most votes will be elected, with the first vice-president being the one who gets the most votes and the fourth vice-president, the one with the fewest. In the event of a tie, a second vote is taken between the tied candidates to settle the order.
{| class="wikitable"
!candidate
!Party
!1st preference
!2nd preference
! rowspan="10" |
! colspan="2" |Elected
|-
|'''[[Alfonso Rodríguez Gómez de Celis]]'''
|[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]
|'''113'''
|
!1st Vice President
!2nd Vice President
|-
|[[José Antonio Bermúdez de Castro]]
|[[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
|'''73'''
|
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Alfonso Rodríguez Gómez de Celis 2019.png|frameless|120x120px]]<small>'''[[Alfonso Rodríguez Gómez de Celis]]'''</small>
| rowspan="3" |[[File:(José Antonio Bermúdez de Castro) Rajoy asiste al debate de la moción de censura al Gobierno (31-05-2018).jpg|frameless|119x119px]]<small>'''[[José Antonio Bermúdez de Castro]]'''</small>
|-
|[[Esther Gil de Reboleño Lastortres]]
|[[Sumar (electoral platform)|Sumar]]
|65
|'''178'''
|-
|[[Marta González Vázquez]]
|[[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
|65
|'''139'''
|-
|[[Ignacio Gil|Ignacio Gil Lazaro]]
|Vox
|33
|
!3rd Vice President
!4th Vice President
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Blank vote]]
|1
|33
| rowspan="4" | <small>'''[[Esther Gil de Reboleño Lastortres|Esther Gil]]'''</small>
| rowspan="4" |[[File:(Marta González Vázquez) Constitución comisión modelo policial3.jpg|frameless|101x101px]]<small>'''[[Marta González Vázquez|Marta Gonzalez]]'''</small>
|}

==== Election of secretaries ====
After the election of the vice-presidents, the four secretariats are elected using the same system as in the Vice-Presidency. By secret ballot and ballot box, the four candidates with the most votes will be elected, with the first secretary being the one who gets the most votes and the fourth secretary, the one who gets the least. In the event of a tie, a second vote is taken between the tied candidates to settle the order.
{| class="wikitable"
!Candidate
!Party
!1st preference
! rowspan="11" |
! colspan="2" |Elected
|-
|[[Gerardo Pisarello]]
|[[Sumar (electoral platform)|Sumar]]
|101
!1st Secretary
!2nd Secretary
|-
|[[Isaura Leal Fernández]]
|[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|PSOE]]
|77
| rowspan="3" |[[File:(Gerardo Pisarello) Guanyem Sarrià-Sant Gervasi (17370368579) (cropped).jpg|center|frameless|108x108px]][[Gerardo Pisarello]]
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Comisionada Isaura Leal Fernández.jpg|center|frameless|106x106px]][[Isaura Leal Fernández]]
|-
|[[Guillermo Mariscal Anaya]]
|[[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
|71
|-
|{{Ill|María del Carmen Navarro Lacoba|lt=María del Carmen Navarro Lacoba|es}}
|[[People's Party (Spain)|PP]]
|67
|-
|[[Ignacio Gil|Ignacio Gil Lazaro]]
|[[Vox (political party)|Vox]]
|33
!3rd Secretary
!4th Secretary
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Blank vote]]
|1
| rowspan="5" |[[File:(Guillermo Mariscal) Casado anta la prensa congreso PP 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|frameless|124x124px]][[Guillermo Mariscal Anaya]]
| rowspan="5" |{{Ill|María del Carmen Navarro Lacoba|lt=María del Carmen Navarro Lacoba|es}}
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Spoilt vote]]
|0
|}

=== Senate ===

==== Election of president ====
For the election of the [[President of the Senate of Spain|President of the Senate]] and of the Board, a first vote is carried out, secret and in a ballot box, with the candidates who run for said position. In this, the absolute majority of the deputies (134/266) is necessary for a candidate to be elected as such. In case this absolute majority is not reached, a second vote is carried out, also secret and in a ballot box, with the two candidates with the most votes and the one who obtains a simple majority of the votes, will be elected President of the Senate. Each senator casts a single vote, that is, they write a single name on the ballot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=España |first=Senado de |title=Reglamento del Senado {{!}} Senado de España |url=https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/normas/reglamentootrasnormassenado/detallesreglamentosenado/index.html#t1 |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=www.senado.es |language=es}}</ref>

[[Pedro Rollán]] was elected [[President of the Senate of Spain|President of the Senate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madridiario |title=Pedro Rollán recuerda a las víctimas de la violencia machista en su estreno como presidente del Senado |url=https://www.madridiario.es/pedro-rollan-violencia-machista-presidente-senado |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=Madridiario |language=es}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |1st vote - Presidency (XV legislature)
''<small>Majority required: absolute (130/259, 1st vote)</small>''
|-
!Candidate
!Party
!1st preference
! rowspan="12" |
!President
|-
|'''[[Pedro Rollán|Pedro Rollan Ojeda]]'''
|[[People's Party (Spain)|'''PP''']]
|'''142'''
| rowspan="11" |[[File:(Pedro Rollán Ojeda) Premio “Mujer del Año” concedido por Madrid Diario (34678124742) 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|frameless|125x125px]]<small>'''[[Pedro Rollán|Pedro Rollan]]'''</small>
|-
|[[Angel Pelayo Gordillo]]
|[[Vox (political party)|Vox]]
|3
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Blank vote]]
|114
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Spoilt vote]]
|0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!259
|}

==== Election of vice presidents ====
After the election of the Presidency, the election of the two vice-presidencies is carried out, through the same system as for the previous election. By secret ballot and ballot box, the two candidates with the most votes will be elected, with the first vice president being the one who gets the most votes and the second vice president the one who gets the fewest. In the event of a tie, a second vote is taken between the tied candidates to settle the order. As in the election for the Presidency, each senator casts a single vote, that is, they write a single name on the ballot.
{| class="wikitable"
!Candidate
!Party
!1st preference
! rowspan="10" |
! colspan="2" |Elected
|-
|'''[[Javier Maroto]]'''
|[[People's Party (Spain)|'''PP''']]
|'''142'''
!1st Vice President
!2nd Vice President
|-
|'''[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]'''
|[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|'''PSOE''']]
|'''98'''
| rowspan="9" |[[File:WorldPride 2017 - Madrid - Manifestación - 170701 172432.jpg|center|frameless|112x112px]]<small>'''[[Javier Maroto]]'''</small>
| rowspan="9" |[[File:(Guillermo Fernández Vara) Con vecinos de Hornachos (5712306145) (cropped).jpg|center|frameless|122x122px]]<small>'''[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]]'''</small>
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Blank vote]]
|1
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Spoilt vote]]
|0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!259
|}

==== Election of the secretaries ====
After the election of the vice-presidents, the election of the four secretariats is carried out, with a different system from the two previous ones. By secret ballot box, the four candidates with the most votes will be elected, with the first secretary being the one who gets the most votes and the fourth secretary, the one who gets the least. In the event of a tie, a second vote is taken between the tied candidates to settle the order. However, each senator casts a double vote, that is, on the ballot he writes two names of the candidates he wants to vote for.
{| class="wikitable"
|+1st vote - Secretariats (XV legislature)
!Candidate
!Party
!1st preference
! rowspan="12" |
! colspan="2" |Elected
|-
|'''[[Eva Ortiz Vilella]]'''
|[[People's Party (Spain)|'''PP''']]
|'''142'''
!1st Secretary
!2nd Secretary
|-
|[[María del Mar Blanco]]
|[[People's Party (Spain)|'''PP''']]
|'''139'''
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Eva Ortiz.jpg|frameless|109x109px]]'''<small>[[Eva Ortiz Vilella]]</small>'''
| rowspan="3" |[[File:(Marimar Blanco) Entrega premios -PopularesAlcobendas18 a Ana Pastor y Pio Garcia Escudero. (44042625210) (cropped).jpg|center|frameless|79x79px]]'''<small>[[María del Mar Blanco]]</small>'''
|-
|'''[[Maria Ángeles Luna]]'''
|[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|'''PSOE''']]
|'''112'''
|-
|'''[[Francisco Fajardo Palarea]]'''
|[[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party|'''PSOE''']]
|'''110'''
|-
|[[Angel Pelayo Gordillo]]
|[[Vox (political party)|Vox]]
|3
!3rd Secretary
!4th Secretary
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Blank vote]]
|2
| rowspan="6" |'''<small>[[Maria Ángeles Luna]]</small>'''
| rowspan="6" |'''<small>Francisco Fajardo</small>'''
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Spoilt vote]]
|0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!259
|}


== Members ==
== Members ==
Line 15: Line 313:


== References ==
== References ==
{{notelist}}{{Reflist}}{{Cortes Generales}}{{Spain-gov-stub}}
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Cortes Generales}}

[[Category:Cortes Generales]]
[[Category:Cortes Generales]]
[[Category:2023 establishments in Spain]]
[[Category:2023 establishments in Spain]]

Latest revision as of 00:18, 4 April 2024

15th Cortes Generales
←14th
Overview
Legislative bodyCortes Generales
Term17 August 2023 (2023-08-17) –
Election23 July 2023
GovernmentSánchez III
Websitecortesgenerales.es
Senate
Members265
PresidentPedro Rollán Ojeda (PP)
1st Vice PresidentJavier Maroto (PP)
2nd Vice PresidentGuillermo Fernández Vara (PSOE)
Congress of Deputies
Members350
PresidentFrancina Armengol (PSOE)
1st Vice PresidentAlfonso Rodríguez (PSOE)
2nd Vice PresidentJosé Antonio Bermúdez de Castro (PP)
3rd Vice PresidentEsther Gil de Reboleño (Sumar)
4th Vice PresidentMarta González (PP)

The 15th Cortes Generales were elected in the 2023 Spanish general election.[1]

Election

[edit]

The 15th Spanish general election was held on July 23, 2023. The People's Party became the largest party in the Congress of Deputies with 137 seats, overtaking the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party at 121 seats. However, neither major party nor their ostensible allies received enough seats to claim a parliamentary majority.

Parliamentary leadership

[edit]

The Congress of Deputies and the Senate of the 15th Cortes Generales were constituted at 10am on Thursday, August 17, 2023. That same day, the members of the Bureaus of both Chambers were also appointed, by secret ballot and in ballot box, directed by the corresponding tables.[2]

These ballots were held following the general election held on 23 July 2023.

Congress of Deputies

[edit]

Election of president

[edit]

For the election of the Presidency of the Congress of Deputies and of the Board, a first vote is carried out, secret and in a ballot box, with the candidates who run for said position. In this, the absolute majority of the deputies (176/350) is necessary for a candidate to be elected as such. In the event that this absolute majority is not reached, a second vote is carried out, also secret and in a ballot box, with the two candidates with the most votes and the one who obtains a simple majority of the votes will be elected President of the Congress of Deputies.[3]

Francina Armengol was elected president of the Congress of Deputies.[4]

1st vote - Presidency (XV legislature)

Majority required: absolute (176/350, 1st vote)

Candidate Party Votes President
Francina Armengol PSOE 178 Francina Armengol
Cuca Gamarra PP 139
Ignacio Gil Vox 33
Blank vote 0
Invalid vote 0
Total 350

Election of vice presidents

[edit]

After the election of the Presidency, the four vice-presidencies are elected, using the same system as for the previous election. By secret ballot and ballot box, the four candidates with the most votes will be elected, with the first vice-president being the one who gets the most votes and the fourth vice-president, the one with the fewest. In the event of a tie, a second vote is taken between the tied candidates to settle the order.

candidate Party 1st preference 2nd preference Elected
Alfonso Rodríguez Gómez de Celis PSOE 113 1st Vice President 2nd Vice President
José Antonio Bermúdez de Castro PP 73 Alfonso Rodríguez Gómez de Celis José Antonio Bermúdez de Castro
Esther Gil de Reboleño Lastortres Sumar 65 178
Marta González Vázquez PP 65 139
Ignacio Gil Lazaro Vox 33 3rd Vice President 4th Vice President
Blank vote 1 33 Esther Gil Marta Gonzalez

Election of secretaries

[edit]

After the election of the vice-presidents, the four secretariats are elected using the same system as in the Vice-Presidency. By secret ballot and ballot box, the four candidates with the most votes will be elected, with the first secretary being the one who gets the most votes and the fourth secretary, the one who gets the least. In the event of a tie, a second vote is taken between the tied candidates to settle the order.

Candidate Party 1st preference Elected
Gerardo Pisarello Sumar 101 1st Secretary 2nd Secretary
Isaura Leal Fernández PSOE 77
Gerardo Pisarello
Isaura Leal Fernández
Guillermo Mariscal Anaya PP 71
María del Carmen Navarro Lacoba [es] PP 67
Ignacio Gil Lazaro Vox 33 3rd Secretary 4th Secretary
Blank vote 1
Guillermo Mariscal Anaya 		María del Carmen Navarro Lacoba [es]
Spoilt vote 0

Senate

[edit]

Election of president

[edit]

For the election of the President of the Senate and of the Board, a first vote is carried out, secret and in a ballot box, with the candidates who run for said position. In this, the absolute majority of the deputies (134/266) is necessary for a candidate to be elected as such. In case this absolute majority is not reached, a second vote is carried out, also secret and in a ballot box, with the two candidates with the most votes and the one who obtains a simple majority of the votes, will be elected President of the Senate. Each senator casts a single vote, that is, they write a single name on the ballot.[5]

Pedro Rollán was elected President of the Senate.[6]

1st vote - Presidency (XV legislature)

Majority required: absolute (130/259, 1st vote)

Candidate Party 1st preference President
Pedro Rollan Ojeda PP 142
Pedro Rollan
Angel Pelayo Gordillo Vox 3
Blank vote 114
Spoilt vote 0
Total 259

Election of vice presidents

[edit]

After the election of the Presidency, the election of the two vice-presidencies is carried out, through the same system as for the previous election. By secret ballot and ballot box, the two candidates with the most votes will be elected, with the first vice president being the one who gets the most votes and the second vice president the one who gets the fewest. In the event of a tie, a second vote is taken between the tied candidates to settle the order. As in the election for the Presidency, each senator casts a single vote, that is, they write a single name on the ballot.

Candidate Party 1st preference Elected
Javier Maroto PP 142 1st Vice President 2nd Vice President
Guillermo Fernández Vara PSOE 98
Javier Maroto
Guillermo Fernández Vara
Blank vote 1
Spoilt vote 0
Total 259

Election of the secretaries

[edit]

After the election of the vice-presidents, the election of the four secretariats is carried out, with a different system from the two previous ones. By secret ballot box, the four candidates with the most votes will be elected, with the first secretary being the one who gets the most votes and the fourth secretary, the one who gets the least. In the event of a tie, a second vote is taken between the tied candidates to settle the order. However, each senator casts a double vote, that is, on the ballot he writes two names of the candidates he wants to vote for.

1st vote - Secretariats (XV legislature)
Candidate Party 1st preference Elected
Eva Ortiz Vilella PP 142 1st Secretary 2nd Secretary
María del Mar Blanco PP 139 Eva Ortiz Vilella
María del Mar Blanco
Maria Ángeles Luna PSOE 112
Francisco Fajardo Palarea PSOE 110
Angel Pelayo Gordillo Vox 3 3rd Secretary 4th Secretary
Blank vote 2 Maria Ángeles Luna Francisco Fajardo
Spoilt vote 0
Total 259

Members

[edit]
See also: 15th Congress of Deputies and 15th Senate of Spain

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Aragón, Heraldo de. "Pedro Sánchez dispara su última bala: elecciones generales el 23 de julio". heraldo.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  2. ^ País, El (17 August 2023). "La constitución de las Cortes Generales, en directo | Junts alcanza un principio de acuerdo con el PSOE para facilitar que Armengol presida el Congreso". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  3. ^ "Reglamento del Congreso de los Diputados" (PDF).
  4. ^ Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel (17 August 2023). "Francina Armengol, elegida nueva presidenta del Congreso con los votos de ERC y Junts". elperiodico (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  5. ^ España, Senado de. "Reglamento del Senado | Senado de España". www.senado.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 August 2023.
  6. ^ Madridiario. "Pedro Rollán recuerda a las víctimas de la violencia machista en su estreno como presidente del Senado". Madridiario (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 August 2023.
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