Jump to content

Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 34°56′24″N 85°15′36″W / 34.94000°N 85.26000°W / 34.94000; -85.26000
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(36 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Preserved battlefields of the American Civil War in Georgia and Tennessee, United States}}
{{Infobox protected area
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
| name = Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
| photo = Cannon Row.jpg
| photo = Cannon Row.jpg
| photo_caption = Cannon Row
| photo_caption = Cannon Row
| photo_width =
| photo_width =
| map = Tennessee#USA
| map = Tennessee#USA
| map_caption = Location in [[Tennessee]]##Location in United States
| relief = 1
| map_width =
| relief = 1
| map_width =
| location = [[Catoosa County, Georgia|Catoosa]], [[Dade County, Georgia|Dade]], & [[Walker County, Georgia|Walker]] counties, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] & [[Hamilton County, Tennessee]], United States
| location = [[Catoosa County, Georgia|Catoosa]], [[Dade County, Georgia|Dade]], & [[Walker County, Georgia]] & [[Hamilton County, Tennessee]], United States
| nearest_city = [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]]
| nearest_city = [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]]
| coordinates = {{coords|34|56|24|N|85|15|36|W|display=inline, title}}
| coordinates = {{coords|34|56|24|N|85|15|36|W|display=inline, title}}
| area_acre = 9,036
| area_acre = 9,523
| area_ref = <ref name="area">{{NPS area |year=2011 |accessdate=2012-12-26}}</ref><br /><span style="font-size:98%;">federal: {{convert|8,973|acre|0}}</span>
| area_ref = <ref name="area">{{NPS area |year=2020 |accessdate=2021-08-15}}</ref>
| established = August 19, 1890
| established = August 19, 1890
| visitation_num = 901,384
| visitation_num = 977,158
| visitation_year = 2011
| visitation_year = 2019
| visitation_ref = <ref name="visits">{{NPS visitation|accessdate=2012-12-26}}</ref>
| visitation_ref = <ref name="visits">{{NPS visitation|accessdate=2012-12-26}}</ref>
| governing_body = [[National Park Service]]
| website = [https://www.nps.gov/chch/ Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park]
| governing_body = [[National Park Service]]
| website = [https://www.nps.gov/chch/ Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park]
{{Infobox NRHP
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
| name = Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
| embed = yes
| embed = yes
| nrhp_type = hd | nocat = yes
| nrhp_type = hd
| location = S of Chattanooga on U.S. 27, [[Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia]]
| nocat = yes
| location = S of Chattanooga on U.S. 27, [[Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia]]
| locmapin = USA Georgia#USA
| locmapin =
| built = 1890
| built = 1890
| architect OR builder = War Department; National Park Service
| builder = [[United States War Department]], [[National Park Service]]
| architecture = Other, Bungalow/craftsman, Single-pen log cabin
| architecture = [[Bungalow/Craftsman]], Single-pen log cabin
| added = October 15, 1966
| added = October 15, 1966
| refnum = 66000274<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
| refnum = 66000274<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
}}
}}
}}{{Use American English|date=May 2021}}
}}
[[File:Battlefield 9.jpg|thumb|right|Memorial to Col. [[John T. Wilder]] at the Chickamauga unit.]]
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}}[[File:Battlefield 9.jpg|thumb|right|[[Wilder Brigade Monument]] at the Chickamauga Battlefield unit]]


'''Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park''', located in northern [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and eastern [[Tennessee]], preserves the sites of two major battles of the [[American Civil War]]: the [[Battle of Chickamauga]] and the [[Chattanooga Campaign]].
'''Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park''', located in northern [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and southeastern [[Tennessee]], preserves the sites of two major battles of the [[American Civil War]]: the [[Battle of Chickamauga]] and the [[Chattanooga Campaign|Siege of Chattanooga]]. A detailed history of the park's development was provided by the [[National Park Service]] in 1998.<ref name=nrhpdoc>{{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=66000274}} |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park |author=Jill K. Hanson and Robert W. Blvthe |date=February 10, 1998 |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NRHP url|id=66000274|title=more than 100 accompanying photos|photos=y}}</ref>
⚫
[[File:View of Chattanooga and Moccasin Bend from the Lookout Mountain unit.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<center>View of Chattanooga and Moccasin Bend from the Lookout Mountain unit.</center>]]
A detailed history of the park's development was provided by the [[National Park Service]] in 1998.<ref name=nrhpdoc>{{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=66000274}} |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park |author=Jill K. Hanson and Robert W. Blvthe |date=February 10, 1998 |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NRHP url|id=66000274|title=more than 100 accompanying photos|photos=y}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Line 41: Line 42:
Starting in 1890, during the decade, the [[Congress of the United States]] authorized the establishment of the first four [[national military park]]s: Chickamauga and Chattanooga, [[Shiloh National Military Park|Shiloh]], [[Gettysburg Battlefield|Gettysburg]] and [[Vicksburg National Military Park|Vicksburg]].
Starting in 1890, during the decade, the [[Congress of the United States]] authorized the establishment of the first four [[national military park]]s: Chickamauga and Chattanooga, [[Shiloh National Military Park|Shiloh]], [[Gettysburg Battlefield|Gettysburg]] and [[Vicksburg National Military Park|Vicksburg]].


The first and largest of these ({{convert|abbr=on|5,300|acre|0|disp=or}}) and the one upon which the establishment and development of most other national military and historical parks was based, was authorized in 1890 at [[Chickamauga, Georgia]] and [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]]. It was officially dedicated in September 1895.<ref>Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.) Commission: Louisiana Committee Photographs (Mss. 4504), Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. (accessed 26 January 2015) <http://www.louisianadigitallibrary.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/LSU_CNP></ref> It owes its existence chiefly to the efforts of Generals [[Henry V. Boynton]] and [[Ferdinand Van Derveer]] both veterans of the [[Union Army|Union]] [[Army of the Cumberland]], who saw the need for a federal park to preserve and commemorate these battlefields.<ref>"Saving History for Generations: The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park", ''Hallowed Ground'', Fall 2013, Vol.14, no. 3, pages 14-15.</ref> Another early proponent and driving force behind the park's creation was Ohio General [[Henry M. Cist]], who led the Chickamauga Memorial Society in 1888. Another former Union officer, [[Charles H. Grosvenor]], was chairman of the park commission from 1910 until his death in 1917. During the Park's early years, it was managed by the War Department and used for military study as well as a memorial. The [[National Park Service]] took over site management in 1933.<ref>"Saving History for Generations: The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park", ''Hallowed Ground'', Fall 2013, Vol.14, no. 3, page 15.</ref>
The first and largest of these ({{convert|abbr=on|5,300|acre|0|disp=or}}), and the one upon which the establishment and development of most other national military and historical parks was based, was authorized in 1890 at [[Chickamauga, Georgia]] and [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]]. It was officially dedicated in September 1895.<ref>Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.) Commission: Louisiana Committee Photographs (Mss. 4504), Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. (accessed 26 January 2015) <http://www.louisianadigitallibrary.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/LSU_CNP></ref> It owes its existence chiefly to the efforts of Generals [[Henry V. Boynton]] and [[Ferdinand Van Derveer]], both veterans of the [[Union Army|Union]] [[Army of the Cumberland]], who saw the need for a federal park to preserve and commemorate these battlefields.<ref>"Saving History for Generations: The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park", ''Hallowed Ground'', Fall 2013, Vol.14, no. 3, pages 14-15.</ref> Another early proponent and driving force behind the park's creation was Ohio General [[Henry M. Cist]], who led the Chickamauga Memorial Society in 1888. [[Franklin Guest Smith]], a former Union officer still on active duty, served as secretary and member of the board of commissioners from 1893 until his 1903 military retirement, and served in the same role as a civilian until 1908.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Suter |editor-first=J. L. |date=1908 |title=District of Columbia: Concise Biographies of Its Prominent and Representative Contemporary Citizens |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjRMAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA434 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Potomac Press |page=434 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Another former Union officer, [[Charles H. Grosvenor]], was chairman of the park commission from 1910 until his death in 1917. During the Park's early years, it was managed by the War Department and used for military study as well as a memorial. The [[National Park Service]] took over site management in 1933.<ref>"Saving History for Generations: The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park", ''Hallowed Ground'', Fall 2013, Vol.14, no. 3, page 15.</ref>


==Use during the Spanish–American War==
==Use during the Spanish–American War==
The newly created Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park was utilized during the [[Spanish–American War]] as a major training center for troops in the southern states. The park was temporarily renamed "Camp [[George H. Thomas]]" in honor of the union army commander during the Civil War battle at the site. The park's proximity to the major rail hub at Chattanooga and its large tracts of land made it a logical marshalling area for troops being readied for service in Cuba and other points south.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Troops at Chickamauga, Park now called Camp George H. Thomas |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 23, 1898 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1898/04/23/archives/the-troops-at-chickamauga-park-now-called-camp-george-h-thomas.html |accessdate=2010-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=4856 |title=Spanish–American War |work=The Encyclopedia of Arkansas |accessdate=2010-02-01}}</ref>
The newly created Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park was used during the [[Spanish–American War]] as a major training center for troops in the southern states. The park was temporarily renamed "Camp [[George H. Thomas]]" in honor of the union army commander during the Civil War battle at the site. The park's proximity to the major rail hub at Chattanooga and its large tracts of land made it a logical marshalling area for troops being readied for service in Cuba and other points south.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Troops at Chickamauga, Park now called Camp George H. Thomas |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 23, 1898 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1898/04/23/archives/the-troops-at-chickamauga-park-now-called-camp-george-h-thomas.html |access-date=2010-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=4856 |title=Spanish–American War |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Arkansas |access-date=2010-02-01}}</ref>


==Park areas==
==Park areas==
Line 54: Line 55:
* [[Moccasin Bend]]
* [[Moccasin Bend]]


As with all historic areas administered by the [[National Park Service]], the military park was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on October 15, 1966.
On October 15, 1966, as with all historic areas already administered by the [[National Park Service]], the military park was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].


On February 20, 2003, Public Law No: 108-7 added Moccasin Bend as a new unit of the park. ''Moccasin Bend Archaeological District'', designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] on September 8, 1986, is directly across the Tennessee River from [[Lookout Mountain]]. It is significant due to its archaeological resources of American Indian settlement. There are currently minimal visitor services at Moccasin Bend, including [http://moccasinbendpark.org/visitor-information/ two hiking trails (the Blue Blazes Trail and the Browns Ferry Road) and a ten acre meadow]. Each of these areas is open to the public. The park anticipates further development, land restoration, and visitor services in the years to come.<ref>{{cite web|title=Visit|url=http://moccasinbendpark.org/visitor-information/|website=Friends of Moccasin Bend|accessdate=11 March 2016}}</ref>
On February 20, 2003, Public Law No: 108-7 added Moccasin Bend as a new unit of the park. ''Moccasin Bend Archaeological District'', designated a [[National Historic Landmark]] on September 8, 1986, is directly across the Tennessee River from [[Lookout Mountain]]. It is significant due to its archaeological resources of American Indian settlement. There are currently minimal visitor services at Moccasin Bend, including two hiking trails (the Blue Blazes Trail and the Browns Ferry Road) and a ten-acre meadow. Each of these areas is open to the public. The park anticipates further development, land restoration, and visitor services in the years to come.<ref>{{cite web|title=Visit|url=http://moccasinbendpark.org/visitor-information/|website=Friends of Moccasin Bend|access-date=11 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412082008/http://moccasinbendpark.org/visitor-information/|archive-date=12 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
⚫
[[File:View of Chattanooga and Moccasin Bend from the Lookout Mountain unit.jpg|thumb|center|250px|Chattanooga and Moccasin Bend viewed from the Lookout Mountain unit]]


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Georgia (U.S. State)}}
*[[First Battle of Chattanooga]]
*[[First Battle of Chattanooga]]
*[[Second Battle of Chattanooga]]
*[[Second Battle of Chattanooga]]
Line 64: Line 67:
==References==
==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
{{reflist}}
<references/>


==External links==
==External links==
*{{Official website |1=http://www.nps.gov/chch/}}
*{{Official website |1=http://www.nps.gov/chch/}}
⚫
*{{HAER |survey=TN-36 |id=tn0298 |title=Chattanooga National Military Park Tour Roads, Chattanooga vicinity, Hamilton County, TN}}
*Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.) Commission: Louisiana Committee Photographs (Mss. 4504), Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. (accessed 26 January 2015) http://www.louisianadigitallibrary.org/cdm/search/collection/LSU_CNP
*Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.) Commission: Louisiana Committee Photographs (Mss. 4504), Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. (accessed 26 January 2015) http://www.louisianadigitallibrary.org/cdm/search/collection/LSU_CNP
*[[Historic American Engineering Record]] (HAER) documentation:
**{{HAER |survey=GA-95 |id=ga0761 |title=Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Fort Oglethorpe, Catoosa County, GA |photos=54 |dwgs=15 |data=9 |cap=4 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=GA-95-A |id=ga1060 |title=Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Alexander's Bridge |photos=10 |dwgs=2 |data=15 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=GA-95-B |id=ga1061 |title=Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Connecting Roadway |photos=4 |data=2 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=GA-95-C |id=ga1062 |title=Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Gordon's Slough Bridge |photos=4 |dwgs=2 |data=9 |cap=1 |link=no}}
⚫
**{{HAER |survey=TN-36 |id=tn0298 |title=Chattanooga National Military Park Tour Roads, Chattanooga, Hamilton County, TN |photos=32 |data=2 |cap=3 |link=no}}


{{Chattanooga, Tennessee landmarks}}
{{Protected areas of Georgia (U.S. state)}}
{{Protected areas of Georgia (U.S. state)}}
{{Protected areas of Tennessee}}
{{Protected areas of Tennessee}}
{{National Register of Historic Places}}
{{National Register of Historic Places}}

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Chickamauga And Chattanooga National Military Park}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chickamauga And Chattanooga National Military Park}}
Line 93: Line 104:
[[Category:Protected areas of Walker County, Georgia]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Walker County, Georgia]]
[[Category:National Park Service areas in Tennessee]]
[[Category:National Park Service areas in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state)]]

Latest revision as of 13:35, 9 April 2024

Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
Cannon Row
Map showing the location of Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
Map showing the location of Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
Location in Tennessee
Map showing the location of Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
Map showing the location of Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
Location in United States
LocationCatoosa, Dade, & Walker County, Georgia & Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States
Nearest cityChattanooga, Tennessee
Coordinates34°56′24″N 85°15′36″W / 34.94000°N 85.26000°W / 34.94000; -85.26000
Area9,523 acres (38.54 km2)[1]
EstablishedAugust 19, 1890
Visitors977,158 (in 2019)[2]
Governing bodyNational Park Service
WebsiteChickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
LocationS of Chattanooga on U.S. 27, Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia
Built1890
Built byUnited States War Department, National Park Service
Architectural styleBungalow/Craftsman, Single-pen log cabin
NRHP reference No.66000274[3]
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966
Wilder Brigade Monument at the Chickamauga Battlefield unit

Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, located in northern Georgia and southeastern Tennessee, preserves the sites of two major battles of the American Civil War: the Battle of Chickamauga and the Siege of Chattanooga. A detailed history of the park's development was provided by the National Park Service in 1998.[4]

History

[edit]

Starting in 1890, during the decade, the Congress of the United States authorized the establishment of the first four national military parks: Chickamauga and Chattanooga, Shiloh, Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

The first and largest of these (5,300 acres or 2,145 ha), and the one upon which the establishment and development of most other national military and historical parks was based, was authorized in 1890 at Chickamauga, Georgia and Chattanooga, Tennessee. It was officially dedicated in September 1895.[5] It owes its existence chiefly to the efforts of Generals Henry V. Boynton and Ferdinand Van Derveer, both veterans of the Union Army of the Cumberland, who saw the need for a federal park to preserve and commemorate these battlefields.[6] Another early proponent and driving force behind the park's creation was Ohio General Henry M. Cist, who led the Chickamauga Memorial Society in 1888. Franklin Guest Smith, a former Union officer still on active duty, served as secretary and member of the board of commissioners from 1893 until his 1903 military retirement, and served in the same role as a civilian until 1908.[7] Another former Union officer, Charles H. Grosvenor, was chairman of the park commission from 1910 until his death in 1917. During the Park's early years, it was managed by the War Department and used for military study as well as a memorial. The National Park Service took over site management in 1933.[8]

Use during the Spanish–American War

[edit]

The newly created Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park was used during the Spanish–American War as a major training center for troops in the southern states. The park was temporarily renamed "Camp George H. Thomas" in honor of the union army commander during the Civil War battle at the site. The park's proximity to the major rail hub at Chattanooga and its large tracts of land made it a logical marshalling area for troops being readied for service in Cuba and other points south.[9][10]

Park areas

[edit]

The military park consists of four main areas, and a few small isolated reservations, around Chattanooga.

On October 15, 1966, as with all historic areas already administered by the National Park Service, the military park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

On February 20, 2003, Public Law No: 108-7 added Moccasin Bend as a new unit of the park. Moccasin Bend Archaeological District, designated a National Historic Landmark on September 8, 1986, is directly across the Tennessee River from Lookout Mountain. It is significant due to its archaeological resources of American Indian settlement. There are currently minimal visitor services at Moccasin Bend, including two hiking trails (the Blue Blazes Trail and the Browns Ferry Road) and a ten-acre meadow. Each of these areas is open to the public. The park anticipates further development, land restoration, and visitor services in the years to come.[11]

Chattanooga and Moccasin Bend viewed from the Lookout Mountain unit

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park.
  1. ^ "Listing of acreage – December 31, 2020" (XLSX). Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved August 15, 2021. (National Park Service Acreage Reports)
  2. ^ "NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report". National Park Service. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  3. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  4. ^ Jill K. Hanson and Robert W. Blvthe (February 10, 1998). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park". National Park Service. and more than 100 accompanying photos
  5. ^ Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.) Commission: Louisiana Committee Photographs (Mss. 4504), Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. (accessed 26 January 2015) <http://www.louisianadigitallibrary.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/LSU_CNP>
  6. ^ "Saving History for Generations: The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park", Hallowed Ground, Fall 2013, Vol.14, no. 3, pages 14-15.
  7. ^ Suter, J. L., ed. (1908). District of Columbia: Concise Biographies of Its Prominent and Representative Contemporary Citizens. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Press. p. 434 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ "Saving History for Generations: The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park", Hallowed Ground, Fall 2013, Vol.14, no. 3, page 15.
  9. ^ "The Troops at Chickamauga, Park now called Camp George H. Thomas". The New York Times. April 23, 1898. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
  10. ^ "Spanish–American War". The Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
  11. ^ "Visit". Friends of Moccasin Bend. Archived from the original on April 12, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga_and_Chattanooga_National_Military_Park&oldid=1218059152"