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{{short description|12th-century Austrian nobleman and cleric}}
[[file:Stift Heiligemkreuz - Babenbergerfenster 4 Konrad.jpg |thumb|right|Stift Heiligemkreuz - Babenbergerfenster 4 Konrad.]]'''Conrad I of Babenberg''' was [[Bishop of Passau]] from 1148/1149 - 1164. He was the Son of [[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria]] and [[Agnes von Waiblingen]] and also [[Archbishop of Salzburg]] (as Conrad II)
[[File:Archbishop Conrad II of Salzburg.jpg|thumb|Conrad depicted in the fourth of the "Babenberg Windows" (1290s) of [[Heiligenkreuz Abbey]] in Austria]]


'''Conrad of Babenberg''' (c. 1115 – 28 September 1168) was a nobleman and prelate of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. He was the [[bishop of Passau]] (as '''Conrad I''') from 1148/1149 until 1164 and then [[archbishop of Salzburg]] (as '''Conrad II''') and [[Primas Germaniae|Primate]] until his death, although he lost control of Salzburg when he was placed under the [[imperial ban]] in 1166.<ref>Heinz Dopsch, Hans Spatzenegger (Hrsg.): ''Geschichte Salzburgs, Stadt und Land''. Pustet, Salzburg 1988; {{ISBN|3-7025-0243-2}}</ref><ref>Johannes Neuhardt: Konrad II. Metropolit. In: ''Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon'' (BBKL). Band 4, Bautz, Herzberg 1992, {{ISBN|3-88309-038-7}}, p.433.</ref><ref>Heinrich von Zeißberg: Konrad II. In: ''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie'' (ADB). Band 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p.615–617.</ref>
==Life==

Conrad came from the mighty Austrian race of the Babenbergs. As the son of [[Leopold III]]. And the newly married [[Agnes von Waiblingen]], he was a brother of the famous historian [[Otto von Freising]] and Duke [[Heinrich Jasomirgott of Bavaria]] and Austria, a half-brother of [[Konrad III]]. And a (semi-)uncle to Kaiser Friedrich Barbarossas. Konrad became 1140 Dompropst of Utrecht, and also 1143 Dompropst of Hildesheim. In 1148 he became Conrad I. [[Bishop of Passau]]. In 1159 he gave the citizens of Sankt Pölten a jurisdiction which is controversially discussed as the oldest city right of [[Austria]].<ref>Heinz Dopsch, Hans Spatzenegger (Hrsg.): Geschichte Salzburgs, Stadt und Land. Pustet, Salzburg 1988; {{ISBN|3-7025-0243-2}}</ref><ref>Johannes Neuhardt: Konrad II. Metropolit. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 4, Bautz, Herzberg 1992, {{ISBN|3-88309-038-7}}, p.433.</ref><ref>
Conrad came from the [[House of Babenberg]]. His father, [[Leopold III, Margrave of Austria|Leopold III]], was the [[Margrave of Austria]], while his mother, [[Agnes of Waiblingen]], was the daughter of the Emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]]. Prior to her marriage to Leopold, Agnes was married to [[Frederick I, Duke of Swabia]], of the [[House of Hohenstaufen]]. Through Frederick, she was the mother of one king of Germany and grandmother of another: [[Conrad III of Germany|Conrad III]] (1138–52) and [[Frederick Barbarossa|Frederick I]] (1152–90), Conrad of Babenberg's half-brother and nephew, respectively. One of Conrad's full brothers, [[Otto of Freising|Otto]], became the famous [[bishop of Freising]].<ref name=NDB>Kurt Zeillinger: Konrad II.. In: ''Neue Deutsche Biographie'' (NDB). Band 12, Duncker & Humblot, (Berlin, 1980), {{ISBN|3-428-00193-1}}, p525 (Digitalisat).</ref>
Kurt Zeillinger: Konrad II.. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 12, Duncker & Humblot, (Berlin, 1980), {{ISBN|3-428-00193-1}}, p525 (Digitalisat).</ref><ref>Heinrich von Zeißberg: Konrad II. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p.615–617.</ref>

The learned and pious [[clergyman]] was elected archbishop of Salzburg on 29 June 1164. In the papal schism, he took a very cautious position and avoided any visible conquest for [[Alexander III]], while the majority of the members of the Salzburg cathedral chapter and of the Salzburg ministers at that time were responsible for Alexander III. Party. In 1164, however, Konrad also rejected the recognition of the imperial counterpart Paschal II, which was why the emperor refused to grant him the shelves, without which, according to the imperial conception, he could not get secular sovereign rights in his country. There followed several times the Emperor's requests to join his party. In Nuremberg, Konrad was accused at the beginning of 1166 of having illegally placed himself in the possession of the archbishop, but a conviction was not forthcoming. On March 29, 1166, however, the Emperor decreed the Reichsacht in Salzburger Laufen, through the Archbishopric of Salzburg. Salzburg had to pass a hard test in the coming years, which a contemporary named "history of disaster" (historia calamitatum). All the Salzburg fiefs, as well as the proprietary goods, were given by the Emperor to loyal imperial emperors. When the city of Salzburg burned down together with the cathedral in 1167, it was blamed on the mighty Earl of Plain, who allegedly had the imperial commission to set the city on fire. After initial successes of Friedrich Barbarossa, who with his strong army Alexander III. In Rome, Barbarossa had to return to Germany after a malaria epidemic that was rampant in the German army. The Salzburg archbishop passed away shortly after the Emperor's return to Germany.
Conrad was a member of the royal chapel under his half-brother Conrad III. In 1140 he became the dean of [[Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580)|Utrecht]] and in 1143 dean of [[Diocese of Hildesheim|Hildesheim]] also. He was elected bishop of Passau probably in 1148. His episcopate was marked by the strong enforcement of ecclesiastical discipline. Beginning in 1158, he was involved in a dispute, the so-called Passau Feud (''Passauer Fehde''), with his brother, Duke [[Henry II of Austria]], over the certain jurisdictional exemptions granted to Henry in the ''[[Privilegium Minus]]''. In 1159, Conrad gave the citizens of [[Sankt Pölten]] a degree of self-government theretofore unknown in Austria.<ref name=NDB/>
==references==

After the death of Archbishop [[Eberhard I (archbishop of Salzburg)|Eberhard]] in 1164, Conrad was elected his successor on 29 June with a majority of the diocesan clergy in favour of continuing support for Pope [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]] against the emperor's rival claimant, [[Antipope Paschal III|Paschal III]]. Since the election took place without the permission of the Emperor Frederick I, Conrad's nephew, he refused to invest Conrad with the regalia of his office, which would have allowed Conrad to exercise secular rule over the [[prince-bishopric]]. Unfortunately for him, Conrad lacked the diplomatic skills or the high moral reputation of Eberhard. At an [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]] held in [[Würzburg]] in May 1165, he was ordered to submit to Frederick. He steadfastly refused, and on 29 March 1166 Frederick imposed the [[imperial ban]].<ref name=NDB/>

The [[count of Plain]] was charged with taking control of the diocese. Conrad fled Salzburg, first to [[Friesach]] and then to [[Admont]], from where he tried to administer what was left of his diocese and its fiefs. He seems to have come to an agreement with Frederick shortly before his death.<ref name=NDB/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:1168 deaths]]
[[Category:12th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic archbishops of Salzburg]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Passau]]
[[Category:Babenberg]]
[[Category:12th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Bavaria]]
[[Category:Sons of monarchs]]

Latest revision as of 01:27, 3 July 2024

Conrad depicted in the fourth of the "Babenberg Windows" (1290s) of Heiligenkreuz Abbey in Austria

Conrad of Babenberg (c. 1115 – 28 September 1168) was a nobleman and prelate of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the bishop of Passau (as Conrad I) from 1148/1149 until 1164 and then archbishop of Salzburg (as Conrad II) and Primate until his death, although he lost control of Salzburg when he was placed under the imperial ban in 1166.[1][2][3]

Conrad came from the House of Babenberg. His father, Leopold III, was the Margrave of Austria, while his mother, Agnes of Waiblingen, was the daughter of the Emperor Henry IV. Prior to her marriage to Leopold, Agnes was married to Frederick I, Duke of Swabia, of the House of Hohenstaufen. Through Frederick, she was the mother of one king of Germany and grandmother of another: Conrad III (1138–52) and Frederick I (1152–90), Conrad of Babenberg's half-brother and nephew, respectively. One of Conrad's full brothers, Otto, became the famous bishop of Freising.[4]

Conrad was a member of the royal chapel under his half-brother Conrad III. In 1140 he became the dean of Utrecht and in 1143 dean of Hildesheim also. He was elected bishop of Passau probably in 1148. His episcopate was marked by the strong enforcement of ecclesiastical discipline. Beginning in 1158, he was involved in a dispute, the so-called Passau Feud (Passauer Fehde), with his brother, Duke Henry II of Austria, over the certain jurisdictional exemptions granted to Henry in the Privilegium Minus. In 1159, Conrad gave the citizens of Sankt Pölten a degree of self-government theretofore unknown in Austria.[4]

After the death of Archbishop Eberhard in 1164, Conrad was elected his successor on 29 June with a majority of the diocesan clergy in favour of continuing support for Pope Alexander III against the emperor's rival claimant, Paschal III. Since the election took place without the permission of the Emperor Frederick I, Conrad's nephew, he refused to invest Conrad with the regalia of his office, which would have allowed Conrad to exercise secular rule over the prince-bishopric. Unfortunately for him, Conrad lacked the diplomatic skills or the high moral reputation of Eberhard. At an Imperial Diet held in Würzburg in May 1165, he was ordered to submit to Frederick. He steadfastly refused, and on 29 March 1166 Frederick imposed the imperial ban.[4]

The count of Plain was charged with taking control of the diocese. Conrad fled Salzburg, first to Friesach and then to Admont, from where he tried to administer what was left of his diocese and its fiefs. He seems to have come to an agreement with Frederick shortly before his death.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Heinz Dopsch, Hans Spatzenegger (Hrsg.): Geschichte Salzburgs, Stadt und Land. Pustet, Salzburg 1988; ISBN 3-7025-0243-2
  2. ^ Johannes Neuhardt: Konrad II. Metropolit. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 4, Bautz, Herzberg 1992, ISBN 3-88309-038-7, p.433.
  3. ^ Heinrich von Zeißberg: Konrad II. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p.615–617.
  4. ^ a b c d Kurt Zeillinger: Konrad II.. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 12, Duncker & Humblot, (Berlin, 1980), ISBN 3-428-00193-1, p525 (Digitalisat).
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