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{{Short description|Star in constellation Canes Venatici also known as Lynette star}}
{{Short description|Binary star in the constellation of Canes Venatici}}
{{Starbox begin
{{Starbox begin
| name = α Canum Venaticorum
| name = α Canum Venaticorum
Line 18: Line 18:
| constell = [[Canes Venatici]]
| constell = [[Canes Venatici]]
| component1 = α<sup>2</sup> CVn
| component1 = α<sup>2</sup> CVn
| ra1 = {{RA|12|56|01.66622}}<ref name=HIP/>
| ra1 = {{RA|12|56|01.66622}}<ref name=HIP>{{cite journal|title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction|url=http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_article&access=bibcode&Itemid=129&bibcode=2007A%2526A...474..653VFUL|author=van Leeuwen, F.|display-authors=etal|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=474|issue=2|pages=653–664|date=2007|arxiv=0708.1752|bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357|s2cid = 18759600}}</ref>
| dec1 = {{DEC|+38|19|06.1541}}<ref name=HIP/>
| dec1 = {{DEC|+38|19|06.1541}}<ref name=HIP/>
| appmag_v1=2.84 to 2.98<ref name=gcvs1/>
| appmag_v1=2.84 to 2.98<ref name=gcvs1>alf 2 CVn, database entry, [http://www.sai.msu.su/groups/cluster/gcvs/gcvs/iii/iii.dat The combined table of GCVS Vols I-III and NL 67-78 with improved coordinates, General Catalogue of Variable Stars], Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow, Russia. Accessed on line November 2, 2009.</ref>
| component2 = α<sup>1</sup> CVn
| component2 = α<sup>1</sup> CVn
| ra2 = {{RA|12|56|00.43258}}<ref name=HIP/>
| ra2 = {{RA|12|56|00.43258}}<ref name=HIP/>
| dec2 = {{DEC|+38|18|53.3768}}<ref name=HIP/>
| dec2 = {{DEC|+38|18|53.3768}}<ref name=HIP/>
| appmag_v2=5.60<ref name=Ducati/>
| appmag_v2=5.60<ref name=Ducati>{{cite journal|bibcode=2002yCat.2237....0D|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system|journal=CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues|volume=2237|author1=Ducati, J. R.|year=2002}}</ref>
}}
}}
{{Starbox character
{{Starbox character
| component = α<sup>2</sup> CVn
| component = α<sup>2</sup> CVn
| class = A0pSiEuHg<ref name=BSC/>
| class = A0pSiEuHg<ref>[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V/50/catalog&recno=4915 HR 4915], database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version), D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr., [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] ID [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?V/50 V/50]. Accessed on line November 2, 2009.</ref>
| b-v = −0.12<ref name=EgUBV/>
| b-v = −0.12<ref name=EgUBV>{{cite journal|author1=Mermilliod, J.-C.|title=Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)|journal=Catalogue of Eggen's UBV Data|url=http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1986EgUBV........0M&db_key=AST&nosetcookie=1|date=1986|bibcode= 1986EgUBV........0M}}</ref>
| u-b = −0.32<ref name=EgUBV/>
| u-b = −0.32<ref name=EgUBV/>
| variable = [[Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum variable|α<sup>2</sup> CVn]]
| variable = [[Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum variable|α<sup>2</sup> CVn]]
| component2 = α<sup>1</sup> CVn
| component2 = α<sup>1</sup> CVn
| class2 = F2V<ref name=Gray/>
| class2 = F2V<ref name=Gray>{{cite journal|bibcode=2003AJ....126.2048G|doi=10.1086/378365|arxiv=astro-ph/0308182|title=Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 Parsecs: The Northern Sample. I|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=126|issue=4|pages=2048|year=2003|last1=Gray|first1=R. O.|last2=Corbally|first2=C. J.|last3=Garrison|first3=R. F.|last4=McFadden|first4=M. T.|last5=Robinson|first5=P. E.|s2cid=119417105}}</ref>
| b-v2 = +0.34<ref name=UBVRI/>
| b-v2 = +0.34<ref name=UBVRI>{{cite journal|title=UBVRIJKL Photometry of the Bright Stars|author1=Johnson, H. L.|journal=Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory|volume=4|pages=99|date=1966|bibcode=1966CoLPL...4...99J}}</ref>
| u-b2 = −0.03<ref name=UBVRI/>
| u-b2 = −0.03<ref name=UBVRI/>
}}
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
{{Starbox astrometry
| component1 = α<sup>2</sup> CVn
| component1 = α<sup>2</sup> CVn
| radial_v = {{val|−4.1|0.2}}<ref name=radv/>
| radial_v = {{val|−4.1|0.2}}<ref>{{cite journal|title=Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system|author=Gontcharov, G. A.|date=2006|journal=Astronomy Letters|volume=32|issue=11|pages=759–771|bibcode=2006AstL...32..759G|doi=10.1134/S1063773706110065|arxiv=1606.08053|s2cid=119231169}}</ref>
| prop_mo_ra = −235.08<ref name=HIP/>
| prop_mo_ra = −235.08<ref name=HIP/>
| prop_mo_dec = 53.54<ref name=HIP/>
| prop_mo_dec = 53.54<ref name=HIP/>
| parallax = 32.7227
| parallax = 32.7227
| p_error = 0.5844
| p_error = 0.5844
| parallax_footnote =<ref name="Gaia3b">{{cite Gaia EDR3|1517698716348324992}}</ref>
| parallax_footnote =<ref name="Gaia3b"/>
| absmag_v = {{val|0.16|0.08}}<ref name=Kochukhov/>
| absmag_v = {{val|0.16|0.08}}<ref name=Kochukhov>{{cite journal|bibcode=2010A&A...513A..13K|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200913860|arxiv=1002.0025|title=Magnetic Doppler imaging of α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum in all four Stokes parameters|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=513|pages=A13|year=2010|last1=Kochukhov|first1=O.|last2=Wade|first2=G. A.|s2cid=53998003}}</ref>
| component2 = α<sup>1</sup> CVn
| component2 = α<sup>1</sup> CVn
| radial_v2 = −0.60 ± 0.9<ref name=Holmberg/>
| radial_v2 = −0.60 ± 0.9<ref name=Holmberg>{{cite journal|bibcode=2007A&A...475..519H|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20077221|arxiv=0707.1891|title=The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood II|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=475|issue=2|pages=519|year=2007|last1=Holmberg|first1=J.|last2=Nordström|first2=B.|last3=Andersen|first3=J.|s2cid=119054949}}</ref>
| prop_mo_ra2 = −232.86<ref name=HIP/>
| prop_mo_ra2 = −232.86<ref name=HIP/>
| prop_mo_dec2 = 55.69<ref name=HIP/>
| prop_mo_dec2 = 55.69<ref name=HIP/>
| parallax2 = 30.6121
| parallax2 = 30.6121
| p_error2 = 0.0666
| p_error2 = 0.0666
| parallax_footnote2 =<ref name="Gaia3">{{cite Gaia EDR3|1517698613271954304}}</ref>
| parallax_footnote2 =<ref name="Gaia3"/>
}}
}}
{{Starbox detail
{{Starbox detail
Line 65: Line 65:
| rotation = 5.46939&nbsp;d<ref name=Kochukhov/>
| rotation = 5.46939&nbsp;d<ref name=Kochukhov/>
| component2 = α<sup>1</sup> CVn
| component2 = α<sup>1</sup> CVn
| gravity2 = {{val|4.25|0.22}}<ref name=AllendePrieto/>
| gravity2 = {{val|4.25|0.22}}<ref name=AllendePrieto>{{cite journal|title=Fundamental parameters of nearby stars from the comparison with evolutionary calculations: masses, radii and effective temperatures|author1=Allende Prieto, C.|author2=Lambert, D. L.|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=352|pages=555–562|date=1999|bibcode=1999A&A...352..555A|arxiv=astro-ph/9911002}}</ref>
| mass2 = {{val|1.47|0.15}}<ref name=AllendePrieto/>
| mass2 = {{val|1.47|0.15}}<ref name=AllendePrieto/>
| radius2 = 1.5<!-- 10^0.18 --><ref name=AllendePrieto/>
| radius2 = 1.5<!-- 10^0.18 --><ref name=AllendePrieto/>
| temperature2 = 7,080<!-- 10^3.85 --><ref name=AllendePrieto/>
| temperature2 = 7,080<!-- 10^3.85 --><ref name=AllendePrieto/>
| rotational_velocity2 = 18<ref name=rotation/>
| rotational_velocity2 = 18<ref>{{cite journal|bibcode=2007A&A...463..671R|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20065224|arxiv=astro-ph/0610785|title=Rotational velocities of A-type stars|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=463|issue=2|pages=671|year=2007|last1=Royer|first1=F.|last2=Zorec|first2=J.|last3=Gómez|first3=A. E.|s2cid=18475298}}</ref>
}}
}}
{{Starbox catalog
{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | B=α CVn, Alpha CVn | F=12 CVn | BD=+39°&nbsp;2580 | ADS=8706 AB | CCDM=J12560+3819B }}<ref name=Simbad2/>
| names = {{odlist | B=α CVn, Alpha CVn | F=12 CVn | BD=+39°&nbsp;2580 | ADS=8706 AB | CCDM=J12560+3819B }}<ref name=Simbad2/>
| component1 = α<sup>2</sup> CVn
| component1 = α<sup>2</sup> CVn
| names1 = {{odlist | B=α CVn A | F=12 CVn A | FK5=485 | GC=17557 | HD=112413 | HIP=63125 | HR=4915 | SAO=63257 }}<ref name=Simbad2>{{cite simbad|title=* alf02 CVn|access-date=4 May 2017}}</ref>
| names1 = {{odlist | B=α CVn A | F=12 CVn A | FK5=485 | GC=17557 | HD=112413 | HIP=63125 | HR=4915 | SAO=63257 }}<ref name=Simbad2/>
| component2 = α<sup>1</sup> CVn
| component2 = α<sup>1</sup> CVn
| names2 = {{odlist | B=α CVn B | F=12&nbsp;CVn&nbsp;B | GC=17556 | HD=112412 | HIP=63121 | HR=4914 | SAO=63256 }}<ref>{{cite simbad|title=* alf01 CVn|access-date=4 May 2017}}</ref>
| names2 = {{odlist | B=α CVn B | F=12&nbsp;CVn&nbsp;B | GC=17556 | HD=112412 | HIP=63121 | HR=4914 | SAO=63256 }}<ref name=Simbad3/>
}}
}}
{{Starbox reference
{{Starbox reference
Line 84: Line 84:
{{Starbox end}}
{{Starbox end}}


The '''Cor Caroli''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|ɔr|_|ˈ|k|ær|ə|l|aɪ}} system is a [[binary star]] designated '''Alpha Canum Venaticorum''' or '''α Canum Venaticorum'''. The [[International Astronomical Union]] uses the name "Cor Caroli" specifically for the brighter star of the binary.<ref name="IAU-CSN">{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | title=IAU Catalog of Star Names |access-date=28 July 2016}}</ref> Alpha Canum Venaticorum is the brightest point of light in the northern [[constellation]] of [[Canes Venatici]].
'''Cor Caroli''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|ɔr|_|ˈ|k|ær|ə|l|aɪ}} is a [[binary star]] designated '''Alpha Canum Venaticorum''' or '''α Canum Venaticorum'''. The [[International Astronomical Union]] uses the name "Cor Caroli" specifically for the brighter star of the binary.<ref name="IAU-CSN"/> Alpha Canum Venaticorum is the brightest point of light in the northern [[constellation]] of [[Canes Venatici]].


==Nomenclature==
==Nomenclature==


''α Canum Venaticorum'', [[Romanization of Greek|Latinised]] to ''Alpha Canum Venaticorum'', is the system's [[Bayer designation]]. The brighter of the two [[star]]s is designated ''α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum'', the fainter ''α<sup>1</sup> Canum Venaticorum''.<ref name=kaler>[http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/corcaroli.html Cor Caroli] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704215122/http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/corcaroli.html |date=2008-07-04 }}, ''Stars'', Jim Kaler. Accessed on line September 15, 2008.</ref>
''α Canum Venaticorum'', [[Romanization of Greek|Latinised]] to ''Alpha Canum Venaticorum'', is the system's [[Bayer designation]]. The brighter of the two [[star]]s is designated ''α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum'', the fainter ''α<sup>1</sup> Canum Venaticorum''.<ref name=kaler/>


In the [[western world]] Alpha Canum Venaticorum had no name until the 17th century, when it was named ''Cor Caroli'', which means "Charles's Heart". There has been some uncertainty whether it was named in honour of King [[Charles I of England]], who was executed in 1649 during the [[English Civil War]], or of his son, [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], who [[Stuart Restoration|restored]] the English monarchy to the throne in 1660. The name was coined in 1660 by Sir [[Charles Scarborough]], physician to Charles II, who claimed the star seemed to shine exceptionally brightly on the night of Charles II's return to England. In ''Star Names'', R.H. Allen claimed that Scarborough suggested the name to [[Edmond Halley]] and intended it to refer to Charles II.<ref>R.H. Allen, ''Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning''.</ref> However, Robert Burnham Jr. notes that "the attribution of the name to Halley appears in a report published by [[Johann Elert Bode|J. E. Bode]] at Berlin in 1801, but seems to have no other verification".<ref>Robert Burnham, Jr. ''Burnham's Celestial Handbook'', Volume 1, p. 359.</ref> In ''Star Tales'', [[Ian Ridpath]] points out that the name's first appearance on a star map was in the 1673 chart of Francis Lamb, who labelled it ''Cor Caroli Regis Martyris'' ('the heart of Charles the martyred king'), clearly indicating that it was seen as referring to Charles I.<ref>[http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/canesvenatici.html#corcaroli Ian Ridpath: "Star Tales", Canes Venatici]. See also Deborah J. Warner, ''The Sky Explored: Celestial Cartography 1500-1800''.</ref>
In the [[western world]] Alpha Canum Venaticorum had no name until the 17th century, when it was named ''Cor Caroli'', which means "Charles's Heart". There has been some uncertainty whether it was named in honour of King [[Charles I of England]], who was executed in 1649 during the [[English Civil War]], or of his son, [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], who [[Stuart Restoration|restored]] the English monarchy to the throne in 1660. The name was coined in 1660 by Sir [[Charles Scarborough]], physician to Charles II, who claimed the star seemed to shine exceptionally brightly on the night of Charles II's return to England. In ''Star Names'', R.H. Allen claimed that Scarborough suggested the name to [[Edmond Halley]] and intended it to refer to Charles II.<ref name=Allen/> However, Robert Burnham Jr. notes that "the attribution of the name to Halley appears in a report published by [[Johann Elert Bode|J. E. Bode]] at Berlin in 1801, but seems to have no other verification".<ref name=Burnham/> In ''Star Tales'', [[Ian Ridpath]] points out that the name's first appearance on a star map was in the 1673 chart of Francis Lamb, who labelled it ''Cor Caroli Regis Martyris'' ('the heart of Charles the martyred king'), clearly indicating that it was seen as referring to Charles I.<ref name=StarTales/>


In 2016, the [[International Astronomical Union]] organized a [[Working Group on Star Names]] (WGSN)<ref name="WGSN">{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref> to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016<ref name="WGSN1">{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf | title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 |access-date=28 July 2016}}</ref> included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included ''Cor Caroli'' for the star α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum.
In 2016, the [[International Astronomical Union]] organized a [[Working Group on Star Names]] (WGSN)<ref name="WGSN"/> to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016<ref name="WGSN1"/> included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included ''Cor Caroli'' for the star α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum.


In [[Chinese astronomy|Chinese]], {{lang|zh|常陳}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Cháng Chén}}), meaning ''[[Supreme Palace enclosure|Imperial Guards]]'', refers to an [[Asterism (astronomy)|asterism]] consisting of α Canum Venaticorum, [[10 Canum Venaticorum]], [[Beta Canum Venaticorum]], [[6 Canum Venaticorum]], [[2 Canum Venaticorum]] and [[67 Ursae Majoris]].<ref>{{in lang|zh}} ''中國星座神話'', written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.</ref> Consequently, the [[Chinese star names|Chinese name]] for Alpha Canum Venaticorum itself is {{lang|zh|常陳一}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Cháng Chén yī}}, {{lang-en|the First Star of Imperial Guards}}).<ref>{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_c_d.htm 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929163750/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_c_d.htm |date=September 29, 2009 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.</ref> From this Chinese name, the name ''Chang Chen'' was derived.<ref>[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Canes_Venatici*.html Richard Hinckley Allen: Star Names — Their Lore and Meaning: Canes Venatici]</ref>
In [[Chinese astronomy|Chinese]], {{lang|zh|常陳}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Cháng Chén}}), meaning ''[[Supreme Palace enclosure|Imperial Guards]]'', refers to an [[Asterism (astronomy)|asterism]] consisting of α Canum Venaticorum, [[10 Canum Venaticorum]], [[Beta Canum Venaticorum]], [[6 Canum Venaticorum]], [[2 Canum Venaticorum]] and [[67 Ursae Majoris]].<ref name=Chinese/> Consequently, the [[Chinese star names|Chinese name]] for Alpha Canum Venaticorum itself is {{lang|zh|常陳一}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Cháng Chén yī}}, {{lang-en|the First Star of Imperial Guards}}).<ref name=chinengstars/> From this Chinese name, the name ''Chang Chen'' was derived.<ref name=StarNames/>


==Stellar properties==
==Stellar properties==
Line 103: Line 103:


===α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum===
===α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum===
[[File:Alpha2CVnLightCurve.png|thumb|left|A [[light curve]] for α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum, plotted from ''[[Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite|TESS]]'' data<ref name=MAST/>]]
α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum has a [[spectral type]] of A0, and has an [[apparent visual magnitude]] which varies between 2.84 and 2.98, with a period of 5.47 days.<ref name=gcvs1/> It is a [[chemically peculiar star]] with a strong magnetic field, about 5,000 times as strong as the Earth's, and is also classified as an [[Ap/Bp star]].<ref name=hgs>"Cor Caroli", p. 49, ''The hundred greatest stars'', James B. Kaler, Springer, 2002, {{ISBN|0-387-95436-8}}.</ref> Its atmosphere has overabundances of some elements, such as [[silicon]], [[mercury (element)|mercury]] and [[europium]]. This is thought to be due to some elements sinking down into the star under the force of gravity while others are elevated by radiation pressure.<ref name=kaler/><ref name=hgs/> This star is the prototype of a class of [[variable star]]s, the so-called [[Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum variable|α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum variables]]. The strong [[magnetic field]] of these stars is believed to produce [[starspot]]s of enormous extent. Due to these starspots the brightness of α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum stars varies considerably during their rotation.
α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum has a [[spectral type]] of A0, and has an [[apparent visual magnitude]] which varies between 2.84 and 2.98, with a period of 5.47 days.<ref name=gcvs1/> It is a [[chemically peculiar star]] with a strong magnetic field, about 5,000 times as strong as the Earth's, and is also classified as an [[Ap/Bp star]].<ref name=hgs/> Its atmosphere has overabundances of some elements, such as [[silicon]], [[mercury (element)|mercury]] and [[europium]]. This is thought to be due to some elements sinking down into the star under the force of gravity while others are elevated by radiation pressure.<ref name=kaler/><ref name=hgs/> This star is the prototype of a class of [[variable star]]s, the so-called [[Alpha2 Canum Venaticorum variable|α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum variables]]. The strong [[magnetic field]] of these stars is believed to produce [[starspot]]s of enormous extent. Due to these starspots the brightness of α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum stars varies considerably during their rotation.


===α<sup>1</sup> Canum Venaticorum===
===α<sup>1</sup> Canum Venaticorum===
Line 109: Line 110:


==Namesakes==
==Namesakes==
[[USS Cor Caroli (AK-91)|''Cor Caroli'']] was a [[U.S. Navy]] [[Crater-class cargo ship|''Crater''-class cargo ship]] named after the star. Newly named Cody Monica
[[USS Cor Caroli (AK-91)|''Cor Caroli'']] was a [[U.S. Navy]] [[Crater-class cargo ship|''Crater''-class cargo ship]] named after the star.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name=hgs>"Cor Caroli", p. 49, ''The hundred greatest stars'', James B. Kaler, Springer, 2002, {{ISBN|0-387-95436-8}}.</ref>

<ref name=StarNames>
[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Topics/astronomy/_Texts/secondary/ALLSTA/Canes_Venatici*.html Richard Hinckley Allen: Star Names — Their Lore and Meaning: Canes Venatici]</ref>

<ref name=chinengstars>
{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_c_d.htm 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表]
{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929163750/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_c_d.htm
| date=September 29, 2009 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.</ref>

<ref name=Chinese>{{in lang|zh}}
''中國星座神話'', written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005,
{{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.</ref>

<ref name="WGSN1">{{cite web
| url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf
| title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1
| access-date=28 July 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="WGSN">{{cite web
| url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/
| title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref>

<ref name=StarTales>
[http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/canesvenatici.html#corcaroli Ian Ridpath: "Star Tales", Canes Venatici].
See also Deborah J. Warner, ''The Sky Explored: Celestial Cartography 1500-1800''.</ref>

<ref name=Burnham>Robert Burnham, Jr. ''Burnham's Celestial Handbook'', Volume 1, p. 359.</ref>

<ref name=Allen>R.H. Allen, ''Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning''.</ref>

<ref name=kaler>
[http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/corcaroli.html Cor Caroli] {{webarchive
| url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704215122/http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/corcaroli.html
| date=2008-07-04 }}, ''Stars'', Jim Kaler. Accessed on line September 15, 2008.</ref>

<ref name="IAU-CSN">{{cite web
| url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt
| title=IAU Catalog of Star Names |access-date=28 July 2016}}</ref>

<ref name=Simbad3>{{cite simbad|title=* alf01 CVn|access-date=4 May 2017}}</ref>

<ref name=Simbad2>{{cite simbad|title=* alf02 CVn|access-date=4 May 2017}}</ref>

<ref name=rotation>{{cite journal
| bibcode=2007A&A...463..671R|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20065224|arxiv=astro-ph/0610785
| title=Rotational velocities of A-type stars|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
| volume=463|issue=2|pages=671|year=2007|last1=Royer|first1=F.|last2=Zorec|first2=J.
| last3=Gómez|first3=A. E.|s2cid=18475298}}</ref>

<ref name=AllendePrieto>{{cite journal
| title=Fundamental parameters of nearby stars from the comparison with evolutionary calculations: masses, radii and effective temperatures
| author1=Allende Prieto, C.|author2=Lambert, D. L.
| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=352|pages=555–562|date=1999
| bibcode=1999A&A...352..555A|arxiv=astro-ph/9911002}}</ref>

<ref name="Gaia3">{{cite Gaia EDR3|1517698613271954304}}</ref>

<ref name=Holmberg>{{cite journal
| bibcode=2007A&A...475..519H|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20077221|arxiv=0707.1891
| title=The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood II
| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=475|issue=2|pages=519|year=2007
| last1=Holmberg|first1=J.|last2=Nordström|first2=B.|last3=Andersen|first3=J.|s2cid=119054949}}</ref>

<ref name=Kochukhov>{{cite journal
| bibcode=2010A&A...513A..13K|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200913860|arxiv=1002.0025
| title=Magnetic Doppler imaging of α<sup>2</sup> Canum Venaticorum in all four Stokes parameters
| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=513|pages=A13|year=2010|last1=Kochukhov|first1=O.
| last2=Wade|first2=G. A.|s2cid=53998003}}</ref>

<ref name="Gaia3b">{{cite Gaia EDR3|1517698716348324992}}</ref>

<ref name=radv>{{cite journal
| title=Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system
| author=Gontcharov, G. A.
| date=2006|journal=Astronomy Letters|volume=32|issue=11|pages=759–771
| bibcode=2006AstL...32..759G|doi=10.1134/S1063773706110065|arxiv=1606.08053|s2cid=119231169}}</ref>

<ref name=UBVRI>{{cite journal
| title=UBVRIJKL Photometry of the Bright Stars
| author1=Johnson, H. L.
| journal=Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
| volume=4|pages=99|date=1966|bibcode=1966CoLPL...4...99J}}</ref>

<ref name=Gray>{{cite journal
| bibcode=2003AJ....126.2048G|doi=10.1086/378365|arxiv=astro-ph/0308182
| title=Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 Parsecs: The Northern Sample. I
| journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=126|issue=4|pages=2048|year=2003
| last1=Gray|first1=R. O.|last2=Corbally|first2=C. J.|last3=Garrison|first3=R. F.
| last4=McFadden|first4=M. T.|last5=Robinson|first5=P. E.|s2cid=119417105}}</ref>

<ref name=EgUBV>{{cite journal
| author1=Mermilliod, J.-C.
| title=Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)
| journal=Catalogue of Eggen's UBV Data
| url=http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1986EgUBV........0M&db_key=AST&nosetcookie=1|date=1986|bibcode= 1986EgUBV........0M}}</ref>

<ref name=BSC>
[http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=V/50/catalog&recno=4915 HR 4915],
database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version),
D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr.,
[[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg|CDS]] ID [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?V/50 V/50].
Accessed on line November 2, 2009.</ref>

<ref name=Ducati>{{cite journal
| bibcode=2002yCat.2237....0D
| title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system
| journal=CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues|volume=2237|author1=Ducati, J. R.|year=2002}}</ref>

<ref name=gcvs1>alf 2 CVn, database entry,
[http://www.sai.msu.su/groups/cluster/gcvs/gcvs/iii/iii.dat The combined table of GCVS Vols I-III and NL 67-78 with improved coordinates, General Catalogue of Variable Stars] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620004609/http://www.sai.msu.su/groups/cluster/gcvs/gcvs/iii/iii.dat |date=2017-06-20 }}, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow, Russia. Accessed on line November 2, 2009.</ref>

<ref name=MAST>{{cite web
| title=MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes
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| publisher=Space Telescope Science Institute |access-date=8 December 2021}}</ref>

<ref name=HIP>{{cite journal
| title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction
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}}


{{Stars of Canes Venatici}}
{{Stars of Canes Venatici}}
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[[Category:Stars with proper names]]
[[Category:Stars with proper names]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects]]
[[Category:HR objects|4914]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|4914]]
[[Category:TIC objects]]

Latest revision as of 21:30, 21 August 2023

α Canum Venaticorum
The location of α Canum Venaticorum (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)
Constellation Canes Venatici
α2 CVn
Right ascension 12h 56m 01.66622s[1]
Declination +38° 19′ 06.1541″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 2.84 to 2.98[2]
α1 CVn
Right ascension 12h 56m 00.43258s[1]
Declination +38° 18′ 53.3768″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 5.60[3]
Characteristics
α2 CVn
Spectral type A0pSiEuHg[4]
U−B color index −0.32[5]
B−V color index −0.12[5]
Variable type α2 CVn
α1 CVn
Spectral type F2V[6]
U−B color index −0.03[7]
B−V color index +0.34[7]
Astrometry
α2 CVn
Radial velocity (Rv)−4.1±0.2[8] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −235.08[1] mas/yr
Dec.: 53.54[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)32.7227 ± 0.5844 mas[9]
Distance100 ± 2 ly
(30.6 ± 0.5 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)0.16±0.08[10]
α1 CVn
Radial velocity (Rv)−0.60 ± 0.9[11] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −232.86[1] mas/yr
Dec.: 55.69[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)30.6121 ± 0.0666 mas[12]
Distance106.5 ± 0.2 ly
(32.67 ± 0.07 pc)
Details
α2 CVn
Mass2.97±0.07[10] M☉
Radius2.49±0.26[10] R☉
Luminosity101±12[10] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.9±0.1[10] cgs
Temperature11,600±500[10] K
Rotation5.46939 d[10]
Rotational velocity (v sin i)18.4±0.5[10] km/s
Age165+60
−70[10] Myr
α1 CVn
Mass1.47±0.15[13] M☉
Radius1.5[13] R☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.25±0.22[13] cgs
Temperature7,080[13] K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)18[14] km/s
Other designations
α CVn, Alpha CVn, 12 CVn, BD+39° 2580, ADS 8706 AB, CCDM J12560+3819B[15]
α2 CVn: α CVn A, 12 CVn A, FK5 485, GC 17557, HD 112413, HIP 63125, HR 4915, SAO 63257[15]
α1 CVn: α CVn B, 12 CVn B, GC 17556, HD 112412, HIP 63121, HR 4914, SAO 63256[16]
Database references
SIMBADα2 CVn
α1 CVn

Cor Caroli /ˌkɔːr ˈkærəlaɪ/ is a binary star designated Alpha Canum Venaticorum or α Canum Venaticorum. The International Astronomical Union uses the name "Cor Caroli" specifically for the brighter star of the binary.[17] Alpha Canum Venaticorum is the brightest point of light in the northern constellation of Canes Venatici.

Nomenclature

[edit]

α Canum Venaticorum, Latinised to Alpha Canum Venaticorum, is the system's Bayer designation. The brighter of the two stars is designated α2 Canum Venaticorum, the fainter α1 Canum Venaticorum.[18]

In the western world Alpha Canum Venaticorum had no name until the 17th century, when it was named Cor Caroli, which means "Charles's Heart". There has been some uncertainty whether it was named in honour of King Charles I of England, who was executed in 1649 during the English Civil War, or of his son, Charles II, who restored the English monarchy to the throne in 1660. The name was coined in 1660 by Sir Charles Scarborough, physician to Charles II, who claimed the star seemed to shine exceptionally brightly on the night of Charles II's return to England. In Star Names, R.H. Allen claimed that Scarborough suggested the name to Edmond Halley and intended it to refer to Charles II.[19] However, Robert Burnham Jr. notes that "the attribution of the name to Halley appears in a report published by J. E. Bode at Berlin in 1801, but seems to have no other verification".[20] In Star Tales, Ian Ridpath points out that the name's first appearance on a star map was in the 1673 chart of Francis Lamb, who labelled it Cor Caroli Regis Martyris ('the heart of Charles the martyred king'), clearly indicating that it was seen as referring to Charles I.[21]

In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[22] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[23] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Cor Caroli for the star α2 Canum Venaticorum.

In Chinese, 常陳 (Cháng Chén), meaning Imperial Guards, refers to an asterism consisting of α Canum Venaticorum, 10 Canum Venaticorum, Beta Canum Venaticorum, 6 Canum Venaticorum, 2 Canum Venaticorum and 67 Ursae Majoris.[24] Consequently, the Chinese name for Alpha Canum Venaticorum itself is 常陳一 (Cháng Chén yī, English: the First Star of Imperial Guards).[25] From this Chinese name, the name Chang Chen was derived.[26]

Stellar properties

[edit]
Cor Caroli seen from northern England on March 1, 2011

Alpha Canum Venaticorum is a binary star with a combined apparent magnitude of 2.81. The two stars are 19.6 arcseconds apart in the sky and are easily resolved in small telescopes. The system lies approximately 110 light-years from the Sun.

It marks the northern vertex of the asterism known as the Great Diamond or the Diamond of Virgo.

α2 Canum Venaticorum

[edit]
A light curve for α2 Canum Venaticorum, plotted from TESS data[27]

α2 Canum Venaticorum has a spectral type of A0, and has an apparent visual magnitude which varies between 2.84 and 2.98, with a period of 5.47 days.[2] It is a chemically peculiar star with a strong magnetic field, about 5,000 times as strong as the Earth's, and is also classified as an Ap/Bp star.[28] Its atmosphere has overabundances of some elements, such as silicon, mercury and europium. This is thought to be due to some elements sinking down into the star under the force of gravity while others are elevated by radiation pressure.[18][28] This star is the prototype of a class of variable stars, the so-called α2 Canum Venaticorum variables. The strong magnetic field of these stars is believed to produce starspots of enormous extent. Due to these starspots the brightness of α2 Canum Venaticorum stars varies considerably during their rotation.

α1 Canum Venaticorum

[edit]

α1 Canum Venaticorum is an F-type main-sequence star. It is considerably fainter than its companion and has an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 5.60.[3]

Namesakes

[edit]

Cor Caroli was a U.S. Navy Crater-class cargo ship named after the star.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h van Leeuwen, F.; et al. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600.
  2. ^ a b alf 2 CVn, database entry, The combined table of GCVS Vols I-III and NL 67-78 with improved coordinates, General Catalogue of Variable Stars Archived 2017-06-20 at the Wayback Machine, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow, Russia. Accessed on line November 2, 2009.
  3. ^ a b Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
  4. ^ HR 4915, database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version), D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr., CDS ID V/50. Accessed on line November 2, 2009.
  5. ^ a b Mermilliod, J.-C. (1986). "Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)". Catalogue of Eggen's UBV Data. Bibcode:1986EgUBV........0M.
  6. ^ Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Robinson, P. E. (2003). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 Parsecs: The Northern Sample. I". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (4): 2048. arXiv:astro-ph/0308182. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.2048G. doi:10.1086/378365. S2CID 119417105.
  7. ^ a b Johnson, H. L. (1966). "UBVRIJKL Photometry of the Bright Stars". Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. 4: 99. Bibcode:1966CoLPL...4...99J.
  8. ^ Gontcharov, G. A. (2006). "Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system". Astronomy Letters. 32 (11): 759–771. arXiv:1606.08053. Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G. doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065. S2CID 119231169.
  9. ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kochukhov, O.; Wade, G. A. (2010). "Magnetic Doppler imaging of α2 Canum Venaticorum in all four Stokes parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 513: A13. arXiv:1002.0025. Bibcode:2010A&A...513A..13K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913860. S2CID 53998003.
  11. ^ Holmberg, J.; Nordström, B.; Andersen, J. (2007). "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood II". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 475 (2): 519. arXiv:0707.1891. Bibcode:2007A&A...475..519H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077221. S2CID 119054949.
  12. ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  13. ^ a b c d Allende Prieto, C.; Lambert, D. L. (1999). "Fundamental parameters of nearby stars from the comparison with evolutionary calculations: masses, radii and effective temperatures". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 352: 555–562. arXiv:astro-ph/9911002. Bibcode:1999A&A...352..555A.
  14. ^ Royer, F.; Zorec, J.; Gómez, A. E. (2007). "Rotational velocities of A-type stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 463 (2): 671. arXiv:astro-ph/0610785. Bibcode:2007A&A...463..671R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065224. S2CID 18475298.
  15. ^ a b "* alf02 CVn". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  16. ^ "* alf01 CVn". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  17. ^ "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  18. ^ a b Cor Caroli Archived 2008-07-04 at the Wayback Machine, Stars, Jim Kaler. Accessed on line September 15, 2008.
  19. ^ R.H. Allen, Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning.
  20. ^ Robert Burnham, Jr. Burnham's Celestial Handbook, Volume 1, p. 359.
  21. ^ Ian Ridpath: "Star Tales", Canes Venatici. See also Deborah J. Warner, The Sky Explored: Celestial Cartography 1500-1800.
  22. ^ "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
  23. ^ "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  24. ^ (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  25. ^ (in Chinese) 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 Archived September 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
  26. ^ Richard Hinckley Allen: Star Names — Their Lore and Meaning: Canes Venatici
  27. ^ "MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes". Space Telescope Science Institute. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  28. ^ a b "Cor Caroli", p. 49, The hundred greatest stars, James B. Kaler, Springer, 2002, ISBN 0-387-95436-8.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cor_Caroli&oldid=1171558846"