Castilla–La Mancha

Castilla-La Mancha
Autonomous Community
Flag Coat of arms
Map of Castilla-La Mancha
Capital	Toledo
Government
• President	José María Barreda Fontes (PSOE)
Area (15.7% of Spain; Ranked 3rd)
• Total	79,463 km2 (30,681 sq mi)
Population  (2008)
• Total	2,043,100
• Density	26/km2 (67/sq mi)
• Pop. rank	9th
• Percent	4.3% of Spain
Demonym
ISO 3166-2	CM
Official languages	Spanish
Statute of Autonomy	16 August 1982
Parliament	Cortes Generales
Congress seats	21
Senate seats	20 + 2
Website	www.jccm.es

Castilla-La Mancha is a autonomous community Spain spanish. It consists of the provinces of Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Guadalajara and Toledo. Limited with Castile and Leon, Comunidad de Madrid, Aragon, Comunidad Valenciana, Region of Murcia, Andalucía and Extremadura.

Is the heir to the historical region of Castilla la Nueva, except to the province of Madrid, which decided that constituted an autonomous community one separate of Castile-La Mancha without holding referendum as in the case of other communities, after the territorial division of Spain subsequent to the enactment of the Constitution of 1978, and includes the entire La Mancha, in incorporated into the province of Albacete (formed part of Murcia).

is governed by a Statute, approved in 1982 and last reform, which dates back to 2007, is in the process of approval on the Congress of Deputies. The statute provides that the regional power is exercised by the Board of Communities of Castile-La Mancha, chaired by Jose Maria Barreda Fontes, of PSOE. That same party holds an absolute majority in the Cortes de Castilla-La Mancha, formed by 49 members of parliament. The Popular Party is the main party of the political opposition.

History

windmills typical of La Mancha Campo de Criptana.

Castilla-La Mancha is heir to the former region of Castilla la Nueva in turn, was continued in the former Taifa of Toledo that was one of the taifas Al-Andalus whose capital was conquered by Alfonso VI of Castile 1085. Subsequently reconquered the lands of Basin, in 1177, and the rest southern, which includes the Field of Calatrava, the Valley of Alcudia, and alfoz Alcaraz (Field of Montiel and Sierra de Alcaraz), that would be consolidated in times of Alfonso VIII of Castile; the latter, from the battle of the Navas de Tolosa, in 1212. Since that time the history of Castile-La Mancha merges with the rest of Kingdom of Castile, which becomes part.

In 1605 published the first edition of the book that would make a famous in the districts of this land, Don Quijote de la Mancha, written by Miguel de Cervantes.

Landscape of La Mancha serrana: region of Sierra de Alcaraz.

In 1785, with the land of Floridablanca, the region was divided in the provinces of Cuenca, Guadalajara, Madrid, La Mancha and Toledo, while the populations of Albacete, Chinchilla, Almansa, Hellín and emerged, with their respective regions, became part of the province and Kingdom of Murcia.

In 1833, with the provincial division of Francisco Javier de Burgos, were modified the provincial boundaries, most of the province of La Mancha was replaced by the City Real although part of its territory went on to the provinces of Cuenca, Toledo and the newly created province of Albacete, formed part of the territories of the old provinces of Cuenca, La Mancha, Murcia, including administratively in the Region of Murcia until the configuration autonomic current, despite the fact that in 1869, during the I Republic, this province was among the signatories to the Federal Pact Castellano and that in 1924 its Diputación promote the establishment of a Community Manchega.

File:Contest.JPG

Near Contest.

The Autonomous Community of Castile-La Mancha emerged as such, the November 15 1978 to set up as ente autonomous. His controversial name wine motivated by a lack of a regional identity sound that could meet the provincialismos, which were strongly rooted, which led to the existence of two trends regionalizadoras: a desired by the constitution of a Community Castellana whose boundaries were beyond the Central System; and the other, sought the constitution of a Community Manchega formed by the provinces where extends this region, taking as historical precedent, in part, the former core of land that included the province of La Mancha, declared in times of Carlos III.

Its Autonomy Statute was adopted the August 10 of 1982 (L. O. 9/1982, August 10, which came into force on the 17). Today we could define Castilla-La Mancha as the lands of the former Crown of Castile located geographically around La Mancha, that extends from four of its provinces, more the province of Guadalajara. So, historically is heir to the region of Castilla la Nueva, that prior to the divisions provincial comprised about the current territory castellano-manchego more the Comunidad de Madrid, province that eventually was not included in Castile-La Mancha for economic reasons and demographic.

official Symbols

The organic law 9/1982, of August 10, of Autonomy Status of Castile-La Mancha, for the Flag and the law 1/1983 June 30 for the Shield defined officially which are symbols of Castile-La Mancha.

=== === Flag Template:AP

created the region in the form of pre discussed seven different projects of flag. Finally chose the draft submitted by the heraldista manchego Ramon Jose Maldonado. The article 5 of the Autonomy Statute exposes:

Shield

The shield of Castile-La Mancha is based on the flag autonomic and not the reverse as is customary in the heraldry. The law 1/1983 June 30 describes the shield:

Some institutions in the region have taken this shield as part of their own emblems, among them are the Cuts, the Consultative Council and the University of Castile-La Mancha.

=== === Anthem

despite that article 5 of Autonomy Status indicates that the region will have a hymn own, today after more than 25 years of adoption of the statute has not been reached an agreement on a hymn fit for the region.

There have been several proposals between that it should be noted that of using the "Song of the Sower" of the zarzuela "La rosa of saffron" of Jacinto Guerrero, the "Sing la Mancha" of Thomas Barrier and some other proposal as the submitted by a group of citizens of Villarrobledo with the title of "Homeland without end".

Politics and Government

Template:AP article 8 of Autonomy Statute explains that the powers of the Region are exercised through the Board of Communities of Castile-La Mancha. Are organs of the Board: the Cortes de Castilla-La Mancha, the Chairman of the Board and the Governing Council.

Cortes de Castilla-La Mancha

Template:AP The Cortes de Castilla-La Mancha are one of the three bodies that make up the Board of Communities of Castile-La Mancha and where lies the will of the people through the 49 deputies elected by universal suffrage, equal, free, direct and secret. Are elected for a period of four years through a proportional system that ensures the representation of the various areas of the territory in the Region. The electoral constituency is the province. TO each of them is the next number of deputies: Albacete, 10; Ciudad Real, 11; Cuenca, 8; Guadalajara, 8 and Toledo, 12. Article 10 of the Autonomy Statute exposes that elections will be convened by the President of the Board of communities, in the terms provided by the law regulating the General Electoral System, so as to be carried out the fourth Sunday of May every four years. Unlike the autonomous communities of Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia, Andalucía and Comunitat Valenciana (which, although has the power, decides convene at the same time as the other) whose president has the power to call elections at any time.

After the autonomy elections spanish 2007, las Cortes de Castilla-La Mancha are formed by 28 members of PSOE and 21 of PP. The headquarters of the Cortes is located in the old Convent of the Franciscans in Toledo, in the so-called building of San Gil.

Council of Government

The Governing Council is the executive body collegiate of the region, directs the political and regional administrative, exercises executive function and the regulatory power within the framework of the Constitution, of the Statute, the laws of the State and regional laws. The Governing Council consists of the President, Vice-Presidents, in his case, and Advisers.

Chairman of the Board

Template:AP is responsible for directing the action of the Governing Council, coordinate the functions of its members as well as to hold the greater representation in the region and the ordinary of State at the same. The President shall be elected by the courts from among its members and will be appointed by the King. The Presidency of the Board of Communities of Castile-La Mancha is located in the historic palace toledano of Fuensalida.

Geography

satellite image of Castile-La Mancha.

The autonomous region is located in the center of the Iberian Peninsula, occupying the greater part of the Submeseta south, name given to the extensive plain that forms the southern part of the central plateau. It is cropped south of Central System natural division with the Submeseta north and with Castile and Leon. Despite this does not lack the mountain landscapes such as the already appointed central System (north), the Iberian System (northeast) or Sierra Morena and Montes de Toledo, south.

Is the third spanish region more extensive with an area of 79,463 km², representing 15.7 percent of the national territory.

Mountainous Terrain

Plateau manchega in Consuegra (Toledo).

in the region are clearly distinguished two types of relief. On the one hand, the Plateau, a great plain uniform with low profile. Within this uniformity, the highlighted more remarkable is the formed by the Montes de Toledo, with heights as Villuercas (1,601 meters) and Rocigalgo (1,447 m). Is divided between the valleys of the river Tajo and Guadiana

On the other hand, the area most mountainous, which surrounds the Plateau and serves as natural limit of the community. In the north of the province of Guadalajara, limiting with Madrid and Segovia, is a hilly, belonging to the Central System, of that outline the sierras of Pela, Ayllón, Somosierra, Barahona and Minister, and in which rivers Jarama, Cañamares and Henares. The Central System penetrates also in the region by the province of Toledo, in what is the southern sector of the Sierra de Gredos, known as Sierra de San Vicente, found bounded to the north by the river Tietar and south by the Alberche and the Tagus.

South of the system are situated Montes de Toledo, facing the region of west to east, marking the boundary between the Tagus and Guadiana, forming part of the southern slope of the basin of the first and of the north of the second.

The north-west is the Iberian System, where there is an important action river and especially karst, that has led to places such as the Enchanted City, the alleys of Las Majadas or the Sickles of Cabriel.

In the southwest is the cordillera de Sierra Morena, which constitutes the flange south of the Central Plateau and that serves limit with Andalucía. It highlights within the region Sierra Madrona, Sierra de Alcudia and Sierra de San Andres. In the other extreme south of the Community is the Sierra de Alcaraz and Sierra del Segura that are part of system Schwarzer.

=== === Hydrography

See also: Tajo, Guadiana, Guadalquivir, Júcar, and Secure

File:The Júcar undergoing Basin.jpg

The Júcar undergoing Basin.

The territory castellano-manchego is divided into five watersheds main, Tajo, Guadiana, and Guadalquivir to dump their waters to the Atlantic Ocean and Júcar and Secure, that discharged into the Mediterranean. The Tagus caters to a total population of 587,184 inhabitants is the extension of its basin of 26,699 km². covering the whole of the province of Guadalajara and most of the province of Toledo, including the two largest cities in the province, the capital, Toledo, and Talavera de la Reina.

The river basin of the Guadiana has an extension of 26,646 km², which represents 37 percent of total river, and serves a population of 583,259 inhabitants. Covers the southern province of Toledo, almost all of the province of Ciudad Real (except for the southern part), the southwest of the province of Cuenca and northwest of the province of Albacete. For its part, the Guadalquivir basin holds a 5.17% ref name="exploited>Template:Cites web</ref> of regional territory which implies an extension of 4,100 km² and caters to populations as important as Puertollano. lies south of the provinces of Ciudad Real and Albacete.

As regards the Júcar, its basin caters to date of 2006, to 397,000 people and covers an extension of 15,737 km² which represents 19.86 per cent of regional territory and the 36.61 percent of all the basin. Covers the east of the provinces of Cuenca and Albacete, including both capitals. Finally, the basin of secure caters to a total of 34 municipalities albaceteños, located southeast of the province, and extends for a total of 4,713 km².

=== === Climate Template:AP

Climates of Castile-La Mancha.

climate de Castilla-La Mancha is mediterranean with a strong continental, called mediterranean us.

Is similar to the mediterranean climate typical but with characteristics of continental climates, temperatures more extreme. This climate does not receive the influence of the sea, so that temperatures are much more extreme, summers with much heat and winters quite cold with a swing of 18.5 °C. The summer season is the most dry and overcomes with great frequency 30 °C, reaching sporadically more than 35 °C. However, in winter is often the temperatures fall of the 0 °C, producing frost in the nights cleared of clouds and snow sporadic.

Castilla-La Mancha can include within the so-called "traditionally Dry Spain". The precipitation are not very abundant in a pattern very similar to the mediterranean climate typical. Rainfall have a noticeable gradient from the center of the community, where does not reach 400 mm a year, toward the mountains where they can be overcome the 1,000 mm a year, are reached in the slopes of the Sierra de Gredos and Serrania de Cuenca. In most of the region rain less than 600 mm. However, the area more barren in the region is the focus of Albacete-Hellín, where does not reach 300 mm per year.

Demography

File:Population density (C-LM.svg

population density municipal in Castile-La Mancha in 2008:

  0 - 9.99 hab./km²

  10 - 19.99 hab./km²

  20 - 29.99 hab./km²

  30 - 39.99 hab./km²

  40 - 49.99 hab./km²

  50 - 59.99 hab./km²

  60 - 69.99 hab./km²

  70 - 79.99 hab./km²

  80 - 89.99 hab./km²

  90 - 99.99 hab./km²

  More than 100 hab./km²

File:Percentage of population by provinces Castilla-La Mancha.png

Percentage of the population by provinces in Castile-La Mancha (2007)

Number of inhabitants

According to data from National Statistical Institute (INE) of January 1 of 2008, Castilla-La Mancha account with 2,043,100 inhabitants spread among its five provinces. Despite being the third region more extensive of Spain, behind Castile and Leon and Andalucía, is one of the least populated stood in the ninth post among the other Spanish autonomous communities. The population of the region represents 4.42 per cent of the national population.

Population Density

File:Age and sex Castilla-La Mancha.jpg

Composition by age and sex of the population of Castile-La Mancha.

With a population density average of 25.71 hab/km², the region possesses the lower population density of all of Spain, reaching the national average at 88.6 hab/km². Industrialized areas such as the Corridor of Henares with a density of 126 hab/km², the district of la Sagra or the industrial area of Sonseca outweigh the regional average.

Composition by age and sex

The population pyramid of Castile-La Mancha presents a typology similar to that of a region developed, with the central zone wider than the basis and that the upper zone. The population aged between 16 and 44 years represents around 44 percent from 45 to 64 years of age represent 21.3%, maintaining more distant children with a 15 per cent and those aged 65 to 18 per cent. These data come to demonstrate the aging of the population Castille-La Mancha.

With regard to gender, in the region, live around 9,000 men more than women representing a 50.25 per cent compared with 49.75%. At the national level is the opposite, the female population exceeds the male in a 1.14%.

Birth, mortality and life expectancy

The birth rate per 1,000 inhabitants of Castile-La Mancha stood in 2006 (INE, 2006) in 10.21 somewhat below the national average that remained in the 10.92.

The mortality rate in 2006 was 8.83 in slightly higher than the spanish average that was 8.42.

The life expectancy at birth is among the highest in Spain surpassing by both the national average. Both women with 83.67 years as men with 77.99 exceed the average.

territorial Organization

Municipalities

panoramic view of the capital, Toledo.

According to official data of INE to January 1 2008, Castilla-La Mancha consists of 919 municipalities which represents 11.3 percent of all municipalitys of Spain. Of them, 496 have less than 500 people, 231 between 501 and 2,000 inhabitants, 157 between 2,000 and 10,000 inhabitants and only 35 populations have more than 10,000 inhabitants. The organization of the population centers is very disparate, being small and numerous in the north and larger entity and a smaller number in the south. Result of this mode of restocking which had been used during the Reconquest.

The 25 municipalities more villages of Castile-La Mancha according to the INE (2008) are:

File:Castilla la Mancha municipalities.png

Map municipal de Castilla-La Mancha (Spain), 2003.

The agriculture and livestock remains predominant in the municipalities castellanos-mancha but the industry is increasingly present, for example peoples as Sonseca (textile industry, wood And marzipan]) that creates some 2000 jobs a year over the nearly 30,000 already available in one of the industrial areas more important community, Villacañas (sector of the door) or cities such as Almansa which has an industry of footwear of more than a century. The industry resulting from agricultural activities is also growing in recent years. In addition, is being promoted in recent times the tourism, with the growth of rural houses or the Route of Don Quixote among other actions.

See also: Annex:Municipalities de Castilla-La Mancha

=== === Comarcas Template:AP

Although according to the Statute of Autonomy divisions utilities can be recognized as local entity, with legal personality and demarcation own local, today there is no districts of official and political significance. However, various agencies provincial officers have done comarcalizaciones of their respective provinces for different purposes: administrative, economic and tourism. Also, in Castile-La Mancha there districts of great historical tradition, which sometimes are not confined to a single province.

Division comarcal de Castilla-La Mancha.

File:Castilloalmansavistafrontal.jpg

Castle of Almansa, front view, fifteen minutes of evening.

• Districts of Albacete:

• Fields of Hellín
• Plains of Albacete
• La Mancha Júcar-Center
• Manchuela albaceteña
• Monte Iberian-Corridor of Almansa
• Sierra de Alcaraz and Field of Montiel
• Sierra del Segura

• Districts of Ciudad Real:

• Alcudia
• Field of Calatrava
• Mancha
• Montes (Ciudad Real)
• Montiel
• Sierra Morena

• Districts of Cuenca:

• La Alcarria conquense
• The Stain of Cuenca
• Manchuela Conquense
• Serranía High
• Serranía Media-Campichuelo
• Serranía Low

• Districts of Guadalajara:

• La Alcarria
• The Countryside
• Lordship of Molina
• The Serranía

• Districts of Toledo:

• La Campana de Oropesa
• Jara
• La Mancha High of Toledo
• Bureau of Ocaña
• Montes de Toledo
• La Sagra
• Sierra de San Vicente
• Talavera (in the division of the Diputación de Toledo, the municipality of Talavera de la Reina form, he alone, a region).
• Toledo (like that happens with Talavera, the Diputación de Toledo considers the municipality of Toledo a region).
• Torrijos

See also: Games judicial de Castilla-La Mancha

Means of transport

=== === Roads Castilla-La Mancha is the autonomous community Spain with greater number of miles of motorways and highways with a total of 2,790 km. among all of the roads, which bear a greater traffic are and motorways radial departing from Madrid, because in addition to be used for internal transport in Castile-La Mancha, are also routes connecting national and international.

The regional government launched the Regional Plan of highways with the aim of all municipalities with population of more than 10,000 inhabitants had connection to a highway so that, if it complies, 96 percent of the population in the region will be less than 15 minutes of a path of high-capacity. Among the major projects of this plan are:

• Highway of the Vineyards, 127 km that run between the towns of Toledo and Tomelloso (completely in service).
• Highway de la Sagra, 85 km that will connect the -5 with the -4 (Sections I and II in works, duplication of the road CM-4001 in tendering phase of works).
• Highway the Fourth Centenary, 142 km to depart Ciudad Real until link with the future TO-32, passing Valdepeñas (first phase partially in works, second in the wording of study).
• Highway Júcar, 130 km connect Albacete with Cuenca (draft).
• Highway of the Alcarria, although initially referred in the Regional Plan of Motorways finally will be the Ministry of Development who takes charge of the work. It will connect the TO-3 with the TO-2 (in study).

The autonomic network has been currently structured in 7,900 km, of which 1,836 km relate to the core network, 5,314 to the network district and 750 to the local network.

and motorways in operation

Name	From/To	Important Cities of C-LM through which
Highway in Northeast	Madrid - Barcelona	Azuqueca de Henares, Guadalajara, Alcolea del Pinar
Highway of this	Madrid - Valencia	Tarancón, The Almarcha, Honrubia, Motilla del Palancar, Minglanilla
Highway South	Madrid - Cádiz	Ocaña, Madridejos, Manzanares, Valdepeñas
Highway Southwest	Madrid - Badajoz	Talavera de la Reina, Oropesa
Motorway Radial R-2	Madrid - Guadalajara	Guadalajara
Motorway Radial R-4	Madrid - Ocaña	Seseña, Ocaña
Highway of Murcia	Albacete - Cartagena	Albacete, Hellín
Highway of Alicante	Watchtower Cañavate - Alicante	Watchtower Cañavate, Sisante, The Roda, Albacete, Almansa
Highway Almansa-Játiva	Almansa - Játiva	Almansa
Motorway Ocaña-La Roda	Ocaña - The Roda	Ocaña, Corral de Almaguer, Quintanar de la Order, Mota del Cuervo, Pedroñeras, San Clemente, The Roda
Highway City Real - Puertollano	City Real - Puertollano	Argamasilla de Calatrava
Motorway Madrid-Córdoba	Madrid - Toledo	Toledo
Highway of Toledo	Madrid - Toledo	Illescas, Toledo
Highway of Vineyards	Toledo - Tomelloso	Toledo, Mora, Consuegra, Madridejos, Alcázar de San Juan, Tomelloso

and motorways in draft or construction

Name	From/To	Important Cities of C-LM through which
Highway Linares-Albacete	Linares - Albacete	Albacete
Highway of Castile-La Mancha	Ávila - Cuenca	Torrijos, Toledo, Ocaña, Tarancón Cuenca
Highway Extremadura-Comunidad Valenciana	Merida - Watchtower Cañavate	Ciudad Real, Almadén, Daimiel, Manzanares, Argamasilla de Alba, Tomelloso, San Clemente, Villarrobledo
Highway la Alcarria	Guadalajara - Tarancón	Guadalajara, Mondéjar, Tarancón
Highway of the Sagra	Template:IdVíaEsp - Template:IdVíaEsp	Huecas, Illescas, Borox, Añover de Tajo
Highway of the Solana	Manzanares - The Solana	Manzanares, the Solana
Expressway IV Centennial	Ciudad Real - Valdepeñas	Ciudad Real, Almagro, Valdepeñas
File:Cm-45.png Highway of the Júcar	Albacete - Cuenca	Basin, Motilla del Palancar, Villanueva de la Jara, Quintanar del Rey, Tarazona of la Mancha, Burrows, Albacete
Highway Transmanchega	Daimiel - Tarancón	Daimiel, Villarrubia de los ojos, Alcázar de San Juan, Quintanar de la Orden, Villamayor de Santiago, Horcajo de Santiago, Tarancón
Round Southwest of Toledo	Template:IdVíaEsp - Template:IdVíaEsp	Burguillos of Toledo, Cobisa, Argés, Norwich
Round East of Toledo	Template:IdVíaEsp - Template:IdVíaEsp	Toledo

=== === Railways company public railways (Renfe]) has numerous lines and Stations throughout the geography Castille-La Mancha.

Long

By Castilla-La Mancha run numerous long-distance lines, most radio from Madrid:

• Alicante - Albacete - Alcázar de San Juan - Ciudad Real
• Madrid - Ciudad Real - Jaén
• Madrid - Ciudad Real - Badajoz
• Madrid - Cuenca - Valencia
• Madrid - Guadalajara - Soria
• Madrid - Guadalajara - Arches of Milestone
• Madrid - Talavera de la Reina - Badajoz

High-speed

• Madrid - Ciudad Real - Puertollano (until Córdoba and [[Sevilla]
• Madrid - Toledo.
• Madrid - Guadalajara - Zaragoza - Barcelona.
• Madrid - Cuenca - Albacete - Valencia (draft).
• Madrid - Toledo (station of La Sagra]) - Talavera de la Reina - Navalmoral de la Mata - Plasencia-Fuentidueñas - Cáceres - Merida - Badajoz - Lisbon (draft).

Vicinity

By the province of Guadalajara and Toledo run lines of vicinity of the Community of Madrid.

In the province of Guadalajara are the stations of Azuqueca de Henares and Guadalajara, both belonging to the line C-2.

In the province of Toledo is the station Seseña, belonging to the line C-3 with destination to Aranjuez. Since April 2007 trains no longer stop at the station.

=== === Airports

In the present, the autonomous region has two airports.

The airport of Albacete-Los Llanos which is located 4 km south of Albacete, on the road CM-3203. The airport officially began to operate as a civilian airport in 2003, sharing facilities with the Air Base in The Plains.

The Airport Central CR which is located between Ciudad Real and Puertollano and that is the first private airport throughout Spain.

Economy

economic Data

• Gross Domestic Product

The region generates 3.4 per cent of GDP national, which represents 33,077,484 thousands of €, stood in the post 9nd among all of the spanish communities. The growth of GDP in the last decade has been maintained, with some exceptions, above the spanish average. Despite this data Castilla-La Mancha has not progressed in percentage terms regarding the national GDP, stood since 2000 in the 3.4 percent of the national total.

In terms of GDP per capita with an amount of 17,339 € ranks 17th from among the Spanish regions surpassing only to Andalucía and Extremadura and reaching far from the spanish average that is in 22,152 €. In the early and mid of the decade of the 90 the municipality toledano of Sonseca was several times the city with greater income per capita of Spain in connection population/salary.

In the year 2005 the distribution of the regional GDP by productive sectors was the next:

• Agriculture 11.64%
• Industry 14.95%
• Energy 3.44%
• Construction 10.06%
• Services 49.78%

• active population

According to data from the Active Population Survey of the first quarter of 2007 the active population of Castile-La Mancha was 896,513 people, of which 827,113 were occupied and 69,900 were stops, which implies a rate of activity of 55.5 per cent and an unemployment rate of 7.68%.

The distribution of the active population by productive sectors in the year 2006 was as follows:

Agriculture and Livestock

Vineyard in Ciudad Real.

File:Plateau herd.jpg

grazing in the castilian plateau.

The primary sector in Castile-La Mancha represents 11.64 percent of the regional GDP and employs 9.9 per cent of the active population. Indicative figures of the strong presence of agriculture in the regional economy.

Because of the arid country, with a 52 percent of the soil of [[]], rainfed farming activities have historically been based in the cultivation of wheat (37%), vine (17.2%) and olivo (6.6%). Castilla-La Mancha possesses one of the areas more extensive of any Europe for cultivation of the vine with almost 700,000 hectares. This crop predominates in the west and southwest of La Mancha, although is widespread throughout the region. Castilla-La Mancha occurred in 2005 3,074,462 tons of grapes, which meant the 53.40 percent of the spanish production. After the grape agricultural product more produced is the barley with 25 percent of the national total equivalent to 2,272,007 tonnes.

In terms of productivity and agricultural income, from the incorporation of Spain the European Union the primary sector regional has experienced a dynamic evolution. Among the reasons for this behavior are much higher growth rates greater than the average for the country, the process of capitalization that has led to the necessary specialization and modernization, which is the journey of integration and outsourcing of the sector, through which many activities previously performed in the midst of the farms have been transferred to other productive areas. Also the public administrations have been involved in this positive development with the regional structure of the Common Agricultural Policy. Since 1986, the subsidies have been determinants in the formation of income of the primary sector.

The livestock has little economic impact on the regional economy. The sheep with 3,430,501 head in 2005 is the most important in the region, followed by the swine with 1,602,576 head, so far remains the goats with 405,778 and finally the bovine with 309,672 cattle and 224,692 thousands of liters of milk per year. Another important sector is the beekeeping, Castilla-La Mancha had in 2005 with 180,000 hives.

Industry and Construction

partial view of the petrochemical complex of Puertollano.

Traditionally Castilla-La Mancha has been a region that has lacked a productive apparatus industrial worthy because of different factors, among which is the low population and low cualificicación of labor.

After the incorporation to the European Union the evolution of the industrial fabric has been highly positive. The sector has gained weight in the economic structure Castille-La Mancha, in connection with the evolution of the sector at national level. The latest data on industrial production (July 2006) put to the region as the third community where more increased this factor. The average annual growth of industrial GDP in the period 2000-2005 has been the 2.8 percent compared to 1 percent.

The biggest problems facing the secondary sector are:

• business fabric thin.
• Under dimensioning of the industrial enterprise.
• Little specialization of labor.
• Reduced level of investment in R&D.
• Poor infrastructure services to companies.
• Export Orientation very underdeveloped.
• Channels of marketing and distribution of regional products insufficient.

The main industrial areas of the region are Sonseca and region, the Corridor of Henares, Puertollano, Talavera de la Reina, La Sagra and Almansa, in addition to the provincial capitals.

The construction sector is, as in the rest of the nation, one of the most powerful of the regional economy. Employs 15.6 percent of the population and represents 10.06 per cent of GDP regional. It is one of the sectors that grows more of the economy by registering in 2006 a growth of 13.6 per cent. Within the building the property sector is the majority. In this sector highlights major real estate promotions as the construction of a new city of 30,000 inhabitants, City Valdeluz, in Yebes (Guadalajara), 13,000 housing units in Seseña (Toledo]) or the Kingdom of Don Quixote Ciudad Real with 9,000 homes and 4,000 hotel beds.

=== === Energy

production of wind energy and solar is of great importance in the community, but most of the energy generated comes from the thermal power located in the same, which are as follows:

thermal power Puertollano, in Puertollano.

thermal power stations in Castile-La Mancha

Name	Locality	Province	Owner
thermal power of Elcogas	Puertollano	Ciudad Real	Elcogas
thermal power of Puertollano	Puertollano	Ciudad Real	E. ON
thermal power of Aceca	Villaseca de la Sagra	Toledo	Iberdrola and Union Fenosa

also found in the community the nuclear power plant in Trillo, in the location of Trillo, in the province of Guadalajara.

Currently is expanding the production of energy through plants termosolares. at this time are in the process of building a plant in Puertollano, of the company Iberdrola Renewable, and two others in Five Houses,called Manchasol, of the company ACS, both in the province of Ciudad Real.

=== === Services

File:Passage Lodares.jpg

Interior of the passage of Gabriel Lodares in Albacete.

The services sector is the most important in all areas of the regional economy. Employs 55.5 per cent of the active population and represents the 49.78 percent of GDP according to the ESC ([[2006] Despite the fact that the services sector has a very significant in the economy is still far from the national average (67.2%). The services sector is composed of the following subsectors, trade, tourism, catering, finance, public administration, and administration of other services related to culture and leisure.

In the field of tourism growth has been very positive, reaching Castilla-La Mancha among the major tourist destinations of interior. During the 2006 visited the region more than 2 million tourists with a growth of 3 per cent and have been exceeded the 3,500,000 of overnight stays. The rural tourism improves its figures with a 14 per cent in regard to the level of occupation. In the period 2000/2005 the growth of the hotel beds stood at 26.4%, the number of places of accommodation rises to 17,245 and the hotels to 254. The growth in the number of houses in the same period has been the 148%, the growth of places offered of 175%. Currently, the number rural houses is 837 and the places of rural housing rises to 5,751.

Health

Template:AP SESCAM is the body in charge of health in Castile-La Mancha. Depends on the Counseling of Health and Social Welfare.

The Health Service of Castile-La Mancha, as an integral part of National Health System, is based on the principles of universal coverage, equity of access and public financing, with the objective of providing assistance more modern, nearby, effective and higher quality.

Education

January 1 2000 the Board of Castile-La Mancha assumed the powers in education, managing directly 1,000 schools, in which, in that date, worked 22,000 teachers and studied 318,000 pupils.

In the school year 2006/2007 in studies non-university studied 324,904 pupils of which the 17.7% studying at a private center.

During the same course had opened in the region 1,037 schools in which the 15.21% were private. and those who worked a total of 30,172 teachers.

In higher education, the region has a university own since 1985, the University of Castile-La Mancha, that unified the various provincial centers that depended on other universities. The university is divided into four campus: Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cuenca and Toledo, spread also to Almadén, Talavera de la Reina and Puertollano. In total can extend 54 degrees. For its part, the province of Guadalajara does not form part of the regional university, while its campus attached to the University of Alcalá and offering their pupils on the campus alcarreño qualifications of Teachers, business, Tourism, Technical Architecture and Nursing. The National University of Distance Education also offers their studies in the region through five centers seconded, one for each province: Albacete (with an extension in Almansa), Valdepeñas, Basin, Guadalajara and Talavera de la Reina. And finally the International University Menendez Pelayo that account with a headquarters in Cuenca.

In the course 2005/2006, there were 30,632 pupils enrolled in college, which represented a decrease of 1.01 percent over the previous year.

Historically there have been other institutions of a university in the region, stressing the Royal University of Toledo, the University of San Antonio Portaceli Sigüenza founded in the fifteenth century by the Cardenal Mendoza and closed at the beginning of nineteenth century or the Real and Pontifical University of Our Lady of Rosario, Almagro.

Gastronomy

Migas.

Ajoarriero.

manchego Cheese.

Miguelitos of The Roda.

Pestiño.

Saffron.

cannot be understood the kitchen of Castile-La Mancha without making a look at the universal work of Miguel de Cervantes, The Don Quixote of La Mancha. In this work, which can be considered an authentic compendium of the kitchen manchega and castellana, Cervantes, through the 126 chapters that compose, refers to some 150 recipes and typical dishes in the region, as can be the famed duels and losses, the ratatouille manchego or the migas in any of its varieties: castellanas or mancha.

The kitchen Castille-La Mancha is composed of great variety of dishes strengths and rooted, although of preparation simple. The basis of this kitchen is in the wide variety of horticultural products for the quality of that provides for the region, without forgetting the meat, taking the hunting a large role in many dishes. All this accompanied by a wide range of wines, cheeses of sheep and desserts shows us the kitchen more traditional that we could recall to the kitchen that universalized Don Quixote and his faithful escudero Sancho Panza.

Despite this traditional character of the regional cuisine, today, you can find large amount of restaurants and inns in which to taste the traditional dishes in a more creative and with a touch of quality which has managed to make several restaurants in the region achieve a star of the prestigious Michelin guide, the restaurant El Bohio of Illescas (Toledo]) and The Bars in The Pedroñeras (Cuenca]) are two of the restaurants privileged with this insignia. In Almansa have been recommended by the Michelin guide 2007 several restaurants: The Pincelín, Maralba, The Bodegón, House Valencia and the Rosales.

Typical Dishes

• Potaje
• Pot of beans
• Ratatouille manchego
• Duels and losses
• Ajoarriero
• Migas
• Quixote
• Morteruelo
• Cuchifrito
• Lomo de orza
• Gazpacho manchego or galiano
• Porridge
• Perdiz escabechada
• Jaen
• Soup of garlic
• Zarajos
• Caldereta
• Soak

Dessert typical

• Almonds
• Traditional
• Amarguillos
• Rallying
• Rice with milk
• Bienmesabe
• Biscuits drunk
• [[____]]s
• Cup imperial
• Asleep of corpus
• Flakess
• Milk fried
• Ices
• Marzipan / Marzipan of Toledo
• Miguelitos
• Pestiños

Beverages

• Wines of Valdepeñas and La Mancha
• Wine from Almansa
• Resolí of Cuenca
• Spirits of Ribatajada

Designations Of Origin

File:Wines of Castile-La Mancha.svg

Wine with Appellation of Origin of Castile-La Mancha

Castilla-La Mancha owns a large amount of offer agri-food quality recognized and protected through the various Designations of Origin emphasizing between them the wine, internationally recognized for its quality and remain the region one of the main producing wine of Spain.

• Manchego cheese
• honey from the Alcarria
• Aubergines of Almagro
• Melon of la Mancha
• Wine of Almansa
• Wine of Jumilla
• Wine of la Mancha
• Wine of Manchuela
• Wine of Mentrida
• Wine of Mondéjar
• Wine of s
• Wine of Valdepeñas
• Oil of the Mountains of Toledo
• oil from the Field of Calatrava
• Cordero Manchego
• Wines Ribera del Júcar
• Saffron of la Mancha
• pink garlic of the Pedroñeras

See also

• Corona de Castilla
• Castilla la Nueva
• Castellanismo
• La Mancha
• Regionalism manchego.

external Links

• official Portal of Castile-La Mancha
• Board of Communities of Castile-La Mancha
• Statistical Institute of Castile-La Mancha
• University of Castile-La Mancha
• Portal of Innovation
• Education Portal
• Meteorological Institute of Castile-La Mancha
• surfaces of municipalities. INE

Kastilien-La Mancha the:Καστίλλη-Λα Μάντσα in:Lukewarm-La Mancha i:קסטיליה-לה מנצ'ה the:Castella-Manica