Jump to content

Cause célèbre: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
DJ-Aomand (talk | contribs)
53 edits
m vs to v.
 
(646 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Issue or incident which incites widespread controversy and public debate}}
A '''''cause célèbre''''' (of which the plural is ''causes célèbres'') is an issue or incident arousing widespread controversy, outside campaigning and/or heated public debate. It is particularly used for famous long-running legal cases. It is a [[List of French phrases|french phrase]] in common usage in [[English language|English]].
{{other uses}}
{{italic title}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Excessive examples|date=April 2023}}


A {{lang|fr|'''cause célèbre'''}} ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|ɔː|z|_|s|ə|ˈ|l|ɛ|b|(|r|ə|)|audio=en-us-cause-célèbre.ogg}} {{respell|KAWZ|_|sə|LEB(|rə)}},<ref name="Collins">{{Cite web |title=cause célèbre |url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=TheFreeDictionary.com |language=en}}</ref> {{IPA-fr|koz selɛbʁ|lang}}; pl. '''''causes célèbres''''', pronounced like the singular) is an issue or incident arousing widespread [[controversy]], outside [[Advocacy|campaigning]], and heated [[public debate]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |entry=cause célèbre |dictionary=The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy |edition=3rd |editor1-first=E. D. Jr. |editor1-last=Hirsch |editor2-first=Joseph F. |editor2-last=Kett |editor3-first=James |editor3-last=Trefil |date=2002 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |via=Bartleby.com |url=http://www.bartleby.com/59/4/causecelebre.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921150757/http://www.bartleby.com/59/4/causecelebre.html |archive-date=September 21, 2008 |title=Telecommunications Essay &#124; Bartleby}}</ref> The term continues in the media in all senses. It is sometimes used positively for celebrated legal cases for their [[precedent]] value (each ''[[locus classicus]]'' or "case-in-point") and more often negatively for infamous ones, whether for scale, outrage, [[scandal]], or [[conspiracy theories]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |entry=cause célèbre |dictionary=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |edition=4th |date=2000 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |via=Bartleby.com |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/31/C0173100.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803114311/http://www.bartleby.com/61/31/C0173100.html |archive-date=August 3, 2008 |title=Homework Help and Textbook Solutions &#124; bartleby}}</ref> The term is a [[List of French phrases|French phrase]] in common usage in English. Since it has been fully adopted into English and is included unitalicized in English dictionaries,<ref name="AmHerit">{{Cite web |title=cause célèbre |url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=TheFreeDictionary.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Collins" /><ref name="RandHouse">''Random House Kernerman Webster’s College Dictionary''. S.v. "cause célèbre." Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre</ref> it is not normally italicized despite its French origin.
In [[French language|French]], ''cause'' means a legal case, and ''célèbre'' means "famous". The phrase originated with the 37-volume ''[[Nouvelles Causes Célèbres]]'', published in [[1763]], which was a collection of reports of well-known French court decisions from the [[17th century|17th]] and [[18th century|18th centuries]]. While English speakers had used the phrase for many years, it came into much more common usage after the [[1894]] conviction of [[Dreyfus affair|Alfred Dreyfus]] for [[espionage]], which attracted worldwide interest.


It has been noted that the public attention given to a particular case or event can obscure the facts rather than clarify them. As one observer states, "The true story of many a cause célèbre is never made manifest in the evidence given or in the advocates' orations, but might be recovered from these old papers when the dust of ages has rendered them immune from scandal".<ref>[[John Humffreys Parry]], "''Whistler v. Ruskin'': An Attorney's Story of a Famous Trial", in ''The Living Age'' (January–March 1921), Vol. 308, p. 346.</ref>
[[Terence Rattigan]] wrote a [[1977]] play called 'Cause Célèbre', based on the conviction of [[Alma Rattenbury]] for murder in [[1935]].


== Etymology ==
==A list of people and cases which have been considered causes célèbres==
In French, one of the meanings of {{lang|fr|cause}} is a [[legal case]], and {{lang|fr|célèbre}} means "famous". The phrase originated with the 37-volume {{lang|fr|Nouvelles Causes Célèbres}}, published in 1763, which was a collection of reports of well-known French court decisions from the 17th and 18th centuries.
===2===
*[[2005 trial of Michael Jackson]]
===A===
*[[Paula Abdul]]
*[[Mumia Abu-Jamal]]
*[[H. Rap Brown|Jamil Abdullah al-Amin]] (H. Rap Brown)
*[[Scott Amedure]]
*[[Attorney General v. X]]
*[[Sherman Austin]]
===B===
*[[Deirdre Barlow]]
*[[Mark Barnsley]]
*[[Menahem Mendel Beilis]]
*[[Derek Bentley]]
*[[Elizabeth Bentley]]
*[[Lori Berenson]]
*[[Steve Biko]]
*[[Birmingham Six]]
*[[Branch Davidian]]
*[[Joseph Brodsky]]
*[[Brown Dog affair]]
===C===
*[[Jean Calas]]
*[[Elizabeth Cass]]
*[[Lindy Chamberlain]]
*[[Chu Mei-feng]]
*[[Ward Churchill]]
*[[Corey Clark]]
*[[Schapelle Corby]]
*[[Rachel Corrie]]
===D===
*[[Harold Davidson]]
*[[Régis Debray]]
*[[Doctors' plot]]
*[[Stephen Downing]]
*[[Dreyfus affair]]
*[[Alfred Dreyfus]]


While English speakers had used the phrase for many years, it came into much more common usage after the [[Dreyfus affair|1894 conviction]] of [[Alfred Dreyfus]] for [[espionage]] during the cementing of a period of deep cultural ties with a political tie between England and France, the [[Entente Cordiale]]. Both attracted worldwide interest and the period of closeness or [[rapprochement]] officially broadened the English language.
===E===
*[[Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow]]
===F===
*[[Katelyn Faber]]
===G===
*[[Gang of Four]]
*[[Bernhard Goetz]]
*[[Gonzales v. Raich]]
*[[Elián González]]
*[[Guildford Four]]
*[[Katharine Gun]]
===H===
*[[James Hanratty]]
*[[Patrick Harrington]]
*[[Alger Hiss]]
*[[Sun Hudson]]
===J===
*[[George Jackson]]
*[[Richard Jewell]]
*[[Jon Lech Johansen]]


===K===
== Examples==
<!-- ROUGHLY IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER -->
*[[Zahra Kazemi]]
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*[[Rodney King]]
* The Murder of [[Edward the Martyr]], England, 978
===L===
* The [[Becket controversy]], England, 1163–1170
*[[Lady Chatterley's Lover]]
* The [[Tour de Nesle affair]], France, 1314
*[[Stephen Laird]]
* King [[Edward IV of England]]'s marriage to [[Elizabeth Woodville#Queen consort|Elizabeth Woodville]], England, 1460s and 1470s
*[[Amina Lawal]]
* The [[Princes in the Tower]], England, 1483
*[[Le Chi Thuc]]
* The [[Murder of Lord Darnley]], Scotland, 1567
*[[Wen Ho Lee]]
* The [[Mary, Queen of Scots#Execution|Execution of Mary Stuart]], England, 1587
*[[Chandra Levy]]
* The [[Gunpowder Plot]], England, 1605
*[[Jeff Luers]]
* The execution of [[Robert-François Damiens]], France, 1757
===M===
* The [[Douglas Cause]], Great Britain, 1760s
*[[Media circus]]
* [[Ireland Shakespeare forgeries]], Great Britain, 1790s
*[[Nelson Mandela]]
* The [[Burr Conspiracy]] and ensuing [[show trial]], United States, 1805–1807
*[[Tony Martin (farmer)]]
* The [[Marie Lafarge]] case, France, 1840
*[[McCarthyism]]
* The [[Parkman–Webster murder case]], United States, 1849–1850
*[[McDonald's coffee case]]
* The [[Mortara case]], Papal States, 1850s and 1860s<ref>{{cite book|title=The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara|last=Kertzer|first=David I|author-link=David Kertzer|year=1998|orig-year=1997|location=New York|publisher=Vintage Books|isbn=978-0-679-76817-3|pages=126–127}}</ref>
*[[Yosef Mendelevitch]]
* [[Tichborne case]], United Kingdom, 1860s and 1870s
*[[Ivan Milat]]
* [[Vera Zasulich#Trepov incident|Vera Zasulich trial]], Russia, 1878<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Joseph |editor-last=Bristow |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bWRZAgAAQBAJ |title=Wilde Discoveries: Traditions, Histories, Archives |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-1-4426-6570-5 |date=2013-05-28 |access-date=2015-07-15 |via=Google Books}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=December 2016}}
*[[Kevin Mitnick]]
* ''[[R v Dudley and Stephens]]'' cannibalism case, United Kingdom, 1884
*[[Roy Moore]]
* The [[Dreyfus affair]], France, 1890s and 1900s<ref>Sanderson, Edgar; ''Historic Parallels to L'affaire Dreyfus'' (1900), p. 265: "The unique cause célèbre of the nineteenth century, L'Affaire Dreyfus, is conspicuous for every kind of wickedness that can be brought to bear against an innocent man".</ref>
*[[Edgardo Mortara]]
* The murder trial of [[Lizzie Borden]], United States, 1893
* The libel trial of [[Oscar Wilde#Trials|Oscar Wilde]], United Kingdom, 1895
* The murder trial of [[Maria Barbella]], United States, 1895<ref>{{cite book |title=The rise of multicultural America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fr8WAQAAIAAJ&q=%22+the+notorious+1895+Maria+Barbella+case%22|publisher=[[University of North Carolina Press]]|author=Susan L. Mizruchi|author-link=Susan L. Mizruchi|date=2008|pages=293|isbn = 9780807832509}}</ref>
* The murder trial of [[Adolph Luetgert]], 1897
* The [[Brown Dog affair]], United Kingdom, 1900s
* The [[Los Angeles Times bombing|''Los Angeles Times'' bombing]], 1910
* The [[Menahem Mendel Beilis|Beilis case]], Russian Empire, 1913<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RlmAQAAQBAJ |title=Blood Libel in Late Imperial Russia: The Ritual Murder Trial of Mendel Beilis |first=Robert |last=Weinberg |publisher=Indiana University Press |date=2013 |series=Indiana-Michigan Series in Russian and East European Studies |isbn=978-0-253-01114-5 |access-date=2015-07-15 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
* [[Sacco and Vanzetti]] appeals, United States, 1920s
* The [[Charles Ponzi|Ponzi Scheme]], United States, 1923
* The [[Scopes Trial|Scopes Monkey Trial]], United States, 1925
* The [[St. Valentine's Day Massacre]], United States, 1929
* The [[Lindbergh kidnapping]], United States, 1932
* The [[Port Chicago disaster]], United States, 1944
* [[Bhawal case]], India, 1946<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bhawal_Case|title=Bhawal Case|last=Islam|first=Sirajul|website=[[Banglapedia]]|publisher=Bangladesh Asiatic Society}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Chaudhuri|first=Supriya|title=The man who would be king|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/10/06/stories/2002100600190300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419170742/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/10/06/stories/2002100600190300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 April 2018|access-date=23 January 2017|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 October 2002}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1946/1946_32.pdf Srimati Bibhabati Devi v Kumar Ramenda Narayan Roy and others (Fort William (Bengal)) (1946) UKPC 32 (30 July 1946)]</ref><ref>Murad Fyzee – ''A Prince, Poison and Two Funerals: The Bhowal Sanyasi Case'', English Edition Publishers (2003), {{ISBN|81-87853-32-8}}</ref>
* [[Derek Bentley case]], United Kingdom, 1953
* The [[Petrov Affair]], Australia, 1954
* The shooting of [[William Woodward Jr.]] by his wife [[Ann Woodward]], United States, 1955
* The [[Killing of Johnny Stompanato]], United States, 1958
* The [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy]], United States, 1963
* The [[Tate-LaBianca murders]], United States, 1969
* The [[Thorpe affair]], United Kingdom, 1970s
* The [[Watergate scandal]], United States, 1972–1974
* The [[John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan|disappearance of Lord Lucan]], United Kingdom, 1974
* [[Ted Bundy]]'s impending trial in Aspen, 1977<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Sranger Beside Me |last=Ann |first=Rule |date=2000 |publisher=Norton |isbn=0393050297 |edition=Updated 20th anniversary |location=New York |oclc=44110374}}</ref>
* The [[Jonestown#Deaths in Jonestown|Jonestown Cult Suicide]], Guyana, 1978
* The trials of [[Claus von Bülow]], United States, 1982–1985
* The [[Đorđe Martinović incident]], Yugoslavia, 1985<ref>{{Cite book|last=LeBor|first=Adam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Om0OViTwCtkC|title=Milosevic: A Biography|date=2003-08-04|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-7475-6181-1|language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Murder of the Goldmark family]], United States, 1985
* [[Rodney King|Rodney King beating]], United States, 1991<ref>{{cite web |first=Carol Bengle |last=Gilbert |date=May 1, 2012 |title=Rodney King: Before and After the Traffic Stop that Inflamed L.A. |website=Yahoo News |url=https://news.yahoo.com/rodney-king-traffic-stop-inflamed-l-162500101.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302015905/http://news.yahoo.com/rodney-king-traffic-stop-inflamed-l-162500101.html |archive-date=March 2, 2014}}</ref>
* The [[Murder of Shanda Sharer]], United States, 1992
* [[Peter Ellis (childcare worker)|Peter Ellis trial]], New Zealand, 1993
* [[Murder of Stephen Lawrence]], London, 1993–2015
* [[O. J. Simpson murder case]], United States, 1994–1995<ref><!--Note: Chapter and Book have the same title. -->{{cite book |first=Thomas |last=Sowell |title=The Quest for Cosmic Justice |date=June 30, 2001 |orig-year=1999 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |oclc=898484807 |isbn=978-0-7432-1507-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5eU2KN9ChnEC&pg=PA19 |page=19 |quote=A more recent cause célèbre of the American criminal justice system was the murder trial of former football star O.J. Simpson, which provoked widespread consternation, not only because of its “not guilty” verdict in the face of massive evidence to the contrary, but also because of the sheer length of time that the trial took.}}</ref>
* [[Terri Schiavo case]], United States, 1998-2005
* [[David Camm]], United States, 2000
* The [[Bain family murders]], New Zealand, 2004
* [[Amanda Knox]] trials, Italy, 2009–2015<ref name="Amanda Knox">{{cite web|last1=Barry|first1=Colleen|date=September 30, 2013|title=New Amanda Knox trial under way in Florence|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/09/30/new-amanda-knox-trial-under-way-in-florence/2894425/|website=USA Today|access-date=9 July 2014}}</ref>
* [[Sergei Magnitsky]]'s death, Russia, 2009<ref name=Sunday>{{cite news |title=Dying in Agony: His Reward for Solving a $230 Million Fraud |newspaper=[[The Sunday Times]] |date=November 14, 2010}}</ref>
*[[Mohamed Bouazizi]]'s self-immolation, Tunisia, 2010<ref>{{Cite news|last=Amara|first=Tarek|date=2011-01-06|title=Tunisian lawyers strike, civil unrest continues|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-protests-idUKTRE7054CB20110106|access-date=2021-06-16}}</ref>
* [[Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority|Julian Assange]] extradition, United Kingdom, 2011<ref>{{cite web |first1=Jeff |last1=Sparrow |first2=Elizabeth |last2=O'Shea |date=December 7, 2010 |url=http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/41914.html |title=Open letter: To Julia Gillard, re Julian Assange |website=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=2015-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505063342/http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/41914.html |archive-date=May 5, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Pussy Riot]] trial, Russia, 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spiked-online.com/newsite/article/how_to_become_a_cause_celebre_a_guide_for_political_prisoners/14460 |title=How to become a cause célèbre: a guide for political prisoners |first=Brendan |last=O'Neill |website=spiked |publisher=Spiked Ltd |date=2013-12-24 |access-date=2015-07-15}}</ref>
* [[2012 Delhi gang rape|Delhi gang rape]], India, 2012<ref name="dailyo">{{cite web|last1=Harikrishnan |first1=Charmy |title=India's Daughter: Why we should watch Leslee Udwin's documentary|url=http://www.dailyo.in/politics/leslee-udwin-indias-daughter-nirbhaya-december-16-2012-delhi-gang-rape/story/1/2379.html|website=Daily O |publisher=India Today Group |date=2015-03-04|access-date=2016-11-04}}</ref><ref name="libertarianhome">{{cite web|last1=Gibb |first1=Simon |title=The Delhi Gang Rape Incident|url=http://libertarianhome.co.uk/2012/12/the-delhi-gang-rape/|website=Libertarian Home |date=2012-12-30|access-date=2016-11-04}}</ref>
* [[Causeway Bay Books disappearances]], China, 2015
* [[Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi]], Turkey, 2018
* [[2018 Japan–South Korea radar lock-on dispute|Sea of Japan radar targeting incident]], Japan and South Korea, 2018
* [[Murder of George Floyd]], United States, 2020
* [[Murder of Sarah Everard]], United Kingdom, 2021
* Trial of [[Kyle Rittenhouse]] after the [[Kenosha unrest shooting]], United States, 2021<ref>{{Cite news|last= Barrett|first=Joe|date=2020-09-01|title=Kyle Rittenhouse, Charged With Killing Two in Kenosha, Sees Strong Fundraising Support|language=en|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/kyle-rittenhouse-charged-with-killing-two-in-kenosha-emerges-as-a-cause-celebre-to-some-11598998441|access-date=2022-07-10}}</ref>
* [[Murder of Brianna Ghey]], United Kingdom, 2023
* [[Depp v. Heard]], United States, 2022
* [[Murder of Moïse Mugenyi Kabagambe]], Brazil, 2022
* [[Death of Mahsa Amini]], Iran, 2022}}


== Fictional examples ==
===N===
*[[Taslima Nasrin]]
*[[Nguyen Huu Chanh]]
*[[Nguyen Khanh]]
*[[Nguyen Phuc Buu Chanh]]
===O===
*[[Lee Harvey Oswald]]
===P===
*[[Leonard Peltier]]
*[[Laci Peterson]]
*[[Jonathan Pollard]]
*[[Clive Ponting]]
===R===
*[[Kenny Richey]]
*[[Roe v. Wade]]
*[[Pete Rose]]
*[[Ethel and Julius Rosenberg]]
*[[Ruby Ridge]]
*[[Salman Rushdie]]
===S===
*[[Sacco and Vanzetti]]
*[[Henry Sacheverell]]
*[[Sallins Train Robbery]]
*[[Terri Schiavo]]
*[[Scottsboro Boys]]
*[[Natan Sharansky]]
*[[O. J. Simpson]]
*[[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]
*[[SpongeBob SquarePants (character)]]
*[[Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy]]
===T===
*[[Damilola Taylor]]
*[[Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters]]
*[[Tichborne Case]]
*[[Trial of Socrates]]
*[[Tulia, Texas]] drug sting


* Death of [[Jean Maximilien Lamarque|General Lamarque]] in [[Les Misérables|Les Miserables]] (1832)
===V===
* The [[prison riot]] in [[Natural Born Killers]]
*[[Mordechai Vanunu]]
===W===
*[[West Memphis 3]]
*[[Ryan White]]
*[[Jennifer Wilbanks]]
*[[Jayson Williams]]
===Y===
*[[Yasukuni Shrine]]
*[[Robert Clark Young]]
===Z===
*[[Ahmed Zaoui]]


==See also==
== See also ==
*[[Landmark decision]]
* [[Trial of the century]]
* [[Lists of landmark court decisions]]
* [[List of French expressions in English]]
* [[Media circus]]
* [[Missing white woman syndrome]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{Wiktionary-inline|cause célèbre}}
*[[Project Gutenberg]] has several volumes on "causes célèbres":
* {{Wikinews inline|Category:Causes célèbres}}
** [[Alexandre Dumas, père]]: [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/2760 Celebrated Crimes (all eight volumes, translated in English)]

[[Category:French phrases]]
[[pl:Cause célèbre]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cause celebre}}
[[Category:1760s neologisms]]
[[Category:Legal terminology]]
[[Category:Public opinion]]
[[Category:Social influence]]

Latest revision as of 09:49, 28 May 2024

For other uses, see Cause célèbre (disambiguation).

A cause célèbre (/ˌkɔːz səˈlɛb(rə)/ ⓘ KAWZ sə-LEB(-rə),[1] French: [koz selɛbʁ]; pl. causes célèbres, pronounced like the singular) is an issue or incident arousing widespread controversy, outside campaigning, and heated public debate.[2] The term continues in the media in all senses. It is sometimes used positively for celebrated legal cases for their precedent value (each locus classicus or "case-in-point") and more often negatively for infamous ones, whether for scale, outrage, scandal, or conspiracy theories.[3] The term is a French phrase in common usage in English. Since it has been fully adopted into English and is included unitalicized in English dictionaries,[4][1][5] it is not normally italicized despite its French origin.

It has been noted that the public attention given to a particular case or event can obscure the facts rather than clarify them. As one observer states, "The true story of many a cause célèbre is never made manifest in the evidence given or in the advocates' orations, but might be recovered from these old papers when the dust of ages has rendered them immune from scandal".[6]

Etymology

[edit]

In French, one of the meanings of cause is a legal case, and célèbre means "famous". The phrase originated with the 37-volume Nouvelles Causes Célèbres, published in 1763, which was a collection of reports of well-known French court decisions from the 17th and 18th centuries.

While English speakers had used the phrase for many years, it came into much more common usage after the 1894 conviction of Alfred Dreyfus for espionage during the cementing of a period of deep cultural ties with a political tie between England and France, the Entente Cordiale. Both attracted worldwide interest and the period of closeness or rapprochement officially broadened the English language.

Examples

[edit]

Fictional examples

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "cause célèbre". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  2. ^ Hirsch, E. D. Jr.; Kett, Joseph F.; Trefil, James, eds. (2002). "cause célèbre". Telecommunications Essay | Bartleby. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. Archived from the original on 21 September 2008 – via Bartleby.com.
  3. ^ "cause célèbre". Homework Help and Textbook Solutions | bartleby. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. Archived from the original on 3 August 2008 – via Bartleby.com.
  4. ^ "cause célèbre". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  5. ^ Random House Kernerman Webster’s College Dictionary. S.v. "cause célèbre." Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre
  6. ^ John Humffreys Parry, "Whistler v. Ruskin: An Attorney's Story of a Famous Trial", in The Living Age (January–March 1921), Vol. 308, p. 346.
  7. ^ Kertzer, David I (1998) [1997]. The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 126–127. ISBN 978-0-679-76817-3.
  8. ^ Bristow, Joseph, ed. (28 May 2013). Wilde Discoveries: Traditions, Histories, Archives. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-6570-5. Retrieved 15 July 2015 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ Sanderson, Edgar; Historic Parallels to L'affaire Dreyfus (1900), p. 265: "The unique cause célèbre of the nineteenth century, L'Affaire Dreyfus, is conspicuous for every kind of wickedness that can be brought to bear against an innocent man".
  10. ^ Susan L. Mizruchi (2008). The rise of multicultural America. University of North Carolina Press. p. 293. ISBN 9780807832509.
  11. ^ Weinberg, Robert (2013). Blood Libel in Late Imperial Russia: The Ritual Murder Trial of Mendel Beilis. Indiana-Michigan Series in Russian and East European Studies. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01114-5. Retrieved 15 July 2015 – via Google Books.
  12. ^ Islam, Sirajul. "Bhawal Case". Banglapedia. Bangladesh Asiatic Society.
  13. ^ Chaudhuri, Supriya (6 October 2002). "The man who would be king". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  14. ^ Srimati Bibhabati Devi v Kumar Ramenda Narayan Roy and others (Fort William (Bengal)) (1946) UKPC 32 (30 July 1946)
  15. ^ Murad Fyzee – A Prince, Poison and Two Funerals: The Bhowal Sanyasi Case, English Edition Publishers (2003), ISBN 81-87853-32-8
  16. ^ Ann, Rule (2000). The Sranger Beside Me (Updated 20th anniversary ed.). New York: Norton. ISBN 0393050297. OCLC 44110374.
  17. ^ LeBor, Adam (4 August 2003). Milosevic: A Biography. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-7475-6181-1.
  18. ^ Gilbert, Carol Bengle (1 May 2012). "Rodney King: Before and After the Traffic Stop that Inflamed L.A." Yahoo News. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014.
  19. ^ Sowell, Thomas (30 June 2001) [1999]. The Quest for Cosmic Justice. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-7432-1507-7. OCLC 898484807. A more recent cause célèbre of the American criminal justice system was the murder trial of former football star O.J. Simpson, which provoked widespread consternation, not only because of its "not guilty" verdict in the face of massive evidence to the contrary, but also because of the sheer length of time that the trial took.
  20. ^ Barry, Colleen (30 September 2013). "New Amanda Knox trial under way in Florence". USA Today. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
  21. ^ "Dying in Agony: His Reward for Solving a $230 Million Fraud". The Sunday Times. 14 November 2010.
  22. ^ Amara, Tarek (6 January 2011). "Tunisian lawyers strike, civil unrest continues". Reuters. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  23. ^ Sparrow, Jeff; O'Shea, Elizabeth (7 December 2010). "Open letter: To Julia Gillard, re Julian Assange". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  24. ^ O'Neill, Brendan (24 December 2013). "How to become a cause célèbre: a guide for political prisoners". spiked. Spiked Ltd. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  25. ^ Harikrishnan, Charmy (4 March 2015). "India's Daughter: Why we should watch Leslee Udwin's documentary". Daily O. India Today Group. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  26. ^ Gibb, Simon (30 December 2012). "The Delhi Gang Rape Incident". Libertarian Home. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  27. ^ Barrett, Joe (1 September 2020). "Kyle Rittenhouse, Charged With Killing Two in Kenosha, Sees Strong Fundraising Support". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cause_célèbre&oldid=1226059686"