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A cause célèbre (/ˌkɔːz səˈlɛb(rə)/ ^ⓘ KAWZ sə-LEB(-rə),^[1]^[2] French: [koz selɛbʁ]; pl. causes célèbres, pronounced like the singular) is an issue or incident arousing widespread controversy, outside campaigning, and heated public debate.^[3] The term continues in the media in all senses. It is sometimes used positively for celebrated legal cases for their precedent value (each locus classicus or "case-in-point") and more often negatively for infamous ones, whether for scale, outrage, scandal, or conspiracy theories.^[4] The term is a French phrase in common usage in English. Since it has been fully adopted into English and is included unitalicized in English dictionaries,^[5]^[1]^[2] it is not normally italicized despite its French origin.

It has been noted that the public attention given to a particular case or event can obscure the facts rather than clarify them. As one observer states, "The true story of many a cause célèbre is never made manifest in the evidence given or in the advocates' orations, but might be recovered from these old papers when the dust of ages has rendered them immune from scandal".^[6]

Etymology

In French, one of the meanings of cause is a legal case, and célèbre means "famous". The phrase originated with the 37-volume Nouvelles Causes Célèbres, published in 1763, which was a collection of reports of well-known French court decisions from the 17th and 18th centuries.

While English speakers had used the phrase for many years, it came into much more common usage after the 1894 conviction of Alfred Dreyfus for espionage during the cementing of a period of deep cultural ties with a political tie between England and France, the Entente Cordiale. Both attracted worldwide interest and the period of closeness or rapprochement officially broadened the English language.

Examples

The Murder of Edward the Martyr, England, 978
The Becket controversy, England, 1163–1170
The Tour de Nesle affair, France, 1314
King Edward IV of England's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, England, 1460s and 1470s
The Princes in the Tower, England, 1483
The Murder of Lord Darnley, Scotland, 1567
The Execution of Mary Stuart, England, 1587
The Gunpowder Plot, England, 1605
The execution of Robert-François Damiens, France, 1757
The Douglas Cause, Great Britain, 1760s
Ireland Shakespeare forgeries, Great Britain, 1790s
The Burr Conspiracy and ensuing show trial, United States, 1805–1807
The Marie Lafarge case, France, 1840
The Parkman–Webster murder case, United States, 1849–1850
The Mortara case, Papal States, 1850s and 1860s^[7]
Tichborne case, United Kingdom, 1860s and 1870s
Vera Zasulich trial, Russia, 1878^[8]^{[page needed]}
R v Dudley and Stephens cannibalism case, United Kingdom, 1884
The Dreyfus affair, France, 1890s and 1900s^[9]
The murder trial of Lizzie Borden, United States, 1893
The libel trial of Oscar Wilde, United Kingdom, 1895
The murder trial of Maria Barbella, United States, 1895^[10]
The murder trial of Adolph Luetgert, 1897
The Brown Dog affair, United Kingdom, 1900s
The Los Angeles Times bombing, 1910
The Beilis case, Russian Empire, 1913^[11]
Sacco and Vanzetti appeals, United States, 1920s
The Ponzi Scheme, United States, 1923
The Scopes Monkey Trial, United States, 1925
The St. Valentine's Day Massacre, United States, 1929
The Lindbergh kidnapping, United States, 1932
The Port Chicago disaster, United States, 1944
Bhawal case, India, 1946^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]
Derek Bentley case, United Kingdom, 1953
The Petrov Affair, Australia, 1954
The shooting of William Woodward Jr. by his wife Ann Woodward, United States, 1955
The Assassination of John F. Kennedy, United States, 1963
The Tate-LaBianca murders, United States, 1969
The Thorpe affair, United Kingdom, 1970s
The Watergate scandal, United States, 1972–1974
The disappearance of Lord Lucan, United Kingdom, 1974
Ted Bundy's impending trial in Aspen, 1977^[16]
The Jonestown Cult Suicide, Guyana, 1978
The trials of Claus von Bülow, United States, 1982–1985
The Đorđe Martinović incident, Yugoslavia, 1985^[17]
The Murder of the Goldmark family, United States, 1985
Rodney King beating, United States, 1991^[18]
The Murder of Shanda Sharer, United States, 1992
Peter Ellis trial, New Zealand, 1993
Murder of Stephen Lawrence, London, 1993–2015
O. J. Simpson murder case, United States, 1994–1995^[19]
David Camm, United States, 2000
The Bain family murders, New Zealand, 2004
Amanda Knox trials, Italy, 2009–2015^[20]
Sergei Magnitsky's death, Russia, 2009^[21]
Mohamed Bouazizi's self-immolation, Tunisia, 2010^[22]
Julian Assange extradition, United Kingdom, 2011^[23]
Pussy Riot trial, Russia, 2012^[24]
Delhi gang rape, India, 2012^[25]^[26]
Causeway Bay Books disappearances, Hong Kong, 2015
Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi, Turkey, 2018
Murder of George Floyd, United States, 2020
Murder of Sarah Everard, United Kingdom, 2021
Trial of Kyle Rittenhouse after the Kenosha unrest shooting, United States, 2021^[27]
Murder of Moïse Mugenyi Kabagambe, Brazil, 2022
Death of Mahsa Amini, Iran, 2022

References

^ ^a ^b Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition, 2014. S.v. "cause célèbre". Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre
^ ^a ^b Random House Kernerman Webster’s College Dictionary. S.v. "cause célèbre." Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre
^ Hirsch, E. D. Jr.; Kett, Joseph F.; Trefil, James, eds. (2002). "cause célèbre". Telecommunications Essay | Bartleby. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008 – via Bartleby.com.
^ "cause célèbre". Homework Help and Textbook Solutions | bartleby. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. Archived from the original on August 3, 2008 – via Bartleby.com.
^ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition. S.v. "cause célèbre". Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre
^ John Humffreys Parry, "Whistler v. Ruskin: An Attorney's Story of a Famous Trial", in The Living Age (January–March 1921), Vol. 308, p. 346.
^ Kertzer, David I (1998) [1997]. The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 126–127. ISBN 978-0-679-76817-3.
^ Bristow, Joseph, ed. (2013-05-28). Wilde Discoveries: Traditions, Histories, Archives. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-6570-5. Retrieved 2015-07-15 – via Google Books.
^ Sanderson, Edgar; Historic Parallels to L'affaire Dreyfus (1900), p. 265: "The unique cause célèbre of the nineteenth century, L'Affaire Dreyfus, is conspicuous for every kind of wickedness that can be brought to bear against an innocent man".
^ Susan L. Mizruchi (2008). The rise of multicultural America. University of North Carolina Press. p. 293. ISBN 9780807832509.
^ Weinberg, Robert (2013). Blood Libel in Late Imperial Russia: The Ritual Murder Trial of Mendel Beilis. Indiana-Michigan Series in Russian and East European Studies. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01114-5. Retrieved 2015-07-15 – via Google Books.
^ Islam, Sirajul. "Bhawal Case". Banglapedia. Bangladesh Asiatic Society.
^ Chaudhuri, Supriya (6 October 2002). "The man who would be king". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
^ Srimati Bibhabati Devi v Kumar Ramenda Narayan Roy and others (Fort William (Bengal)) (1946) UKPC 32 (30 July 1946)
^ Murad Fyzee – A Prince, Poison and Two Funerals: The Bhowal Sanyasi Case, English Edition Publishers (2003), ISBN 81-87853-32-8
^ Ann, Rule (2000). The Sranger Beside Me (Updated 20th anniversary ed.). New York: Norton. ISBN 0393050297. OCLC 44110374.
^ LeBor, Adam (2003-08-04). Milosevic: A Biography. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-7475-6181-1.
^ Gilbert, Carol Bengle (May 1, 2012). "Rodney King: Before and After the Traffic Stop that Inflamed L.A." Yahoo News. Archived from the original on March 2, 2014.
^ Sowell, Thomas (June 30, 2001) [1999]. The Quest for Cosmic Justice. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-7432-1507-7. OCLC 898484807. A more recent cause célèbre of the American criminal justice system was the murder trial of former football star O.J. Simpson, which provoked widespread consternation, not only because of its "not guilty" verdict in the face of massive evidence to the contrary, but also because of the sheer length of time that the trial took.
^ Barry, Colleen (September 30, 2013). "New Amanda Knox trial under way in Florence". USA Today. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
^ "Dying in Agony: His Reward for Solving a $230 Million Fraud". The Sunday Times. November 14, 2010.
^ Amara, Tarek (2011-01-06). "Tunisian lawyers strike, civil unrest continues". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
^ Sparrow, Jeff; O'Shea, Elizabeth (December 7, 2010). "Open letter: To Julia Gillard, re Julian Assange". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on May 5, 2014. Retrieved 2015-07-15.
^ O'Neill, Brendan (2013-12-24). "How to become a cause célèbre: a guide for political prisoners". spiked. Spiked Ltd. Retrieved 2015-07-15.
^ Harikrishnan, Charmy (2015-03-04). "India's Daughter: Why we should watch Leslee Udwin's documentary". Daily O. India Today Group. Retrieved 2016-11-04.
^ Gibb, Simon (2012-12-30). "The Delhi Gang Rape Incident". Libertarian Home. Retrieved 2016-11-04.
^ Barrett, Joe (2020-09-01). "Kyle Rittenhouse, Charged With Killing Two in Kenosha, Sees Strong Fundraising Support". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2022-07-10.

External links

The dictionary definition of cause célèbre at Wiktionary

[Collins-1] Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition, 2014. S.v. "cause célèbre". Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre

[RandHouse-2] Random House Kernerman Webster’s College Dictionary. S.v. "cause célèbre." Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre

[3] Hirsch, E. D. Jr.; Kett, Joseph F.; Trefil, James, eds. (2002). "cause célèbre". Telecommunications Essay | Bartleby. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008 – via Bartleby.com.

[4] "cause célèbre". Homework Help and Textbook Solutions | bartleby. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. Archived from the original on August 3, 2008 – via Bartleby.com.

[AmHerit-5] American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition. S.v. "cause célèbre". Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre

[6] John Humffreys Parry, "Whistler v. Ruskin: An Attorney's Story of a Famous Trial", in The Living Age (January–March 1921), Vol. 308, p. 346.

[7] Kertzer, David I (1998) [1997]. The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 126–127. ISBN 978-0-679-76817-3.

[8] Bristow, Joseph, ed. (2013-05-28). Wilde Discoveries: Traditions, Histories, Archives. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-6570-5. Retrieved 2015-07-15 – via Google Books.

[9] Sanderson, Edgar; Historic Parallels to L'affaire Dreyfus (1900), p. 265: "The unique cause célèbre of the nineteenth century, L'Affaire Dreyfus, is conspicuous for every kind of wickedness that can be brought to bear against an innocent man".

[10] Susan L. Mizruchi (2008). The rise of multicultural America. University of North Carolina Press. p. 293. ISBN 9780807832509.

[11] Weinberg, Robert (2013). Blood Libel in Late Imperial Russia: The Ritual Murder Trial of Mendel Beilis. Indiana-Michigan Series in Russian and East European Studies. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01114-5. Retrieved 2015-07-15 – via Google Books.

[:0-12] Islam, Sirajul. "Bhawal Case". Banglapedia. Bangladesh Asiatic Society.

[:1-13] Chaudhuri, Supriya (6 October 2002). "The man who would be king". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2017.

[14] Srimati Bibhabati Devi v Kumar Ramenda Narayan Roy and others (Fort William (Bengal)) (1946) UKPC 32 (30 July 1946)

[15] Murad Fyzee – A Prince, Poison and Two Funerals: The Bhowal Sanyasi Case, English Edition Publishers (2003), ISBN 81-87853-32-8

[16] Ann, Rule (2000). The Sranger Beside Me (Updated 20th anniversary ed.). New York: Norton. ISBN 0393050297. OCLC 44110374.

[17] LeBor, Adam (2003-08-04). Milosevic: A Biography. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-7475-6181-1.

[18] Gilbert, Carol Bengle (May 1, 2012). "Rodney King: Before and After the Traffic Stop that Inflamed L.A." Yahoo News. Archived from the original on March 2, 2014.

[19] Sowell, Thomas (June 30, 2001) [1999]. The Quest for Cosmic Justice. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-7432-1507-7. OCLC 898484807. A more recent cause célèbre of the American criminal justice system was the murder trial of former football star O.J. Simpson, which provoked widespread consternation, not only because of its "not guilty" verdict in the face of massive evidence to the contrary, but also because of the sheer length of time that the trial took.

[Amanda_Knox-20] Barry, Colleen (September 30, 2013). "New Amanda Knox trial under way in Florence". USA Today. Retrieved 9 July 2014.

[Sunday-21] "Dying in Agony: His Reward for Solving a $230 Million Fraud". The Sunday Times. November 14, 2010.

[22] Amara, Tarek (2011-01-06). "Tunisian lawyers strike, civil unrest continues". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-06-16.

[23] Sparrow, Jeff; O'Shea, Elizabeth (December 7, 2010). "Open letter: To Julia Gillard, re Julian Assange". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on May 5, 2014. Retrieved 2015-07-15.

[24] O'Neill, Brendan (2013-12-24). "How to become a cause célèbre: a guide for political prisoners". spiked. Spiked Ltd. Retrieved 2015-07-15.

[dailyo-25] Harikrishnan, Charmy (2015-03-04). "India's Daughter: Why we should watch Leslee Udwin's documentary". Daily O. India Today Group. Retrieved 2016-11-04.

[libertarianhome-26] Gibb, Simon (2012-12-30). "The Delhi Gang Rape Incident". Libertarian Home. Retrieved 2016-11-04.

[27] Barrett, Joe (2020-09-01). "Kyle Rittenhouse, Charged With Killing Two in Kenosha, Sees Strong Fundraising Support". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2022-07-10.

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{other uses}}
-{{Excessive examples|date=September 2023}}
+{{Excessive examples|date=April 2023}}
 A '''cause célèbre''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|ɔː|z|_|s|ə|ˈ|l|ɛ|b|(|r|ə|)|audio=en-us-cause-célèbre.ogg}} {{respell|KAWZ|_|sə|LEB(|rə)}},<ref name=Collins>''Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged'', 12th Edition,  2014. S.v. "cause célèbre". Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre</ref><ref name=RandHouse>''Random House Kernerman Webster’s College Dictionary''. S.v. "cause célèbre." Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre</ref> {{IPA-fr|koz selɛbʁ|lang}}; pl. '''causes célèbres''', pronounced like the singular) is an issue or incident arousing widespread [[controversy]], outside [[Advocacy|campaigning]], and heated [[public debate]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |entry=cause célèbre |dictionary=The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy |edition=3rd |editor1-first=E. D. Jr. |editor1-last=Hirsch |editor2-first=Joseph F. |editor2-last=Kett |editor3-first=James |editor3-last=Trefil |date=2002 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |via=Bartleby.com |url=http://www.bartleby.com/59/4/causecelebre.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921150757/http://www.bartleby.com/59/4/causecelebre.html |archive-date=September 21, 2008 |title=Telecommunications Essay &#124; Bartleby }}</ref> The term continues in the media in all senses. It is sometimes used positively for celebrated legal cases for their [[precedent]] value (each ''[[locus classicus]]'' or "case-in-point") and more often negatively for infamous ones, whether for scale, outrage, [[scandal]], or [[conspiracy theories]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |entry=cause célèbre |dictionary=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |edition=4th |date=2000 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |via=Bartleby.com |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/31/C0173100.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803114311/http://www.bartleby.com/61/31/C0173100.html |archive-date=August 3, 2008 |title=Homework Help and Textbook Solutions &#124; bartleby }}</ref> The term is a [[List of French phrases|French phrase]] in common usage in English. Since it has been fully adopted into English and is included unitalicized in English dictionaries,<ref name="AmHerit">''American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'', 5th edition. S.v. "cause célèbre". Retrieved November 30, 2018 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/cause+c%c3%a9l%c3%a8bre</ref><ref name="Collins" /><ref name="RandHouse" /> it is not normally italicized despite its French origin.
@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 * [[Amanda Knox]] trials, Italy, 2009–2015<ref name="Amanda Knox">{{cite web|last1=Barry|first1=Colleen|date=September 30, 2013|title=New Amanda Knox trial under way in Florence|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/09/30/new-amanda-knox-trial-under-way-in-florence/2894425/|website=USA Today|access-date=9 July 2014}}</ref>
 * [[Sergei Magnitsky]]'s death, Russia, 2009<ref name=Sunday>{{cite news  | title= Dying in Agony: His Reward for Solving a $230 Million Fraud  | newspaper= [[The Sunday Times]]  | date=November 14, 2010 }}</ref>
+*[[Mohamed Bouazizi]]'s self-immolation, Tunisia, 2010<ref>{{Cite news|last=Amara|first=Tarek|date=2011-01-06|title=Tunisian lawyers strike, civil unrest continues|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-protests-idUKTRE7054CB20110106|access-date=2021-06-16}}</ref>
-* [[Maguindanao massacre]], Philippines, 2009
-* [[Manila hostage crisis]], Philippines, 2010
-* [[Mohamed Bouazizi]]'s self-immolation, Tunisia, 2010<ref>{{Cite news|last=Amara|first=Tarek|date=2011-01-06|title=Tunisian lawyers strike, civil unrest continues|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-tunisia-protests-idUKTRE7054CB20110106|access-date=2021-06-16}}</ref>
 * [[Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority|Julian Assange]] extradition, United Kingdom, 2011<ref>{{cite web |first1=Jeff |last1=Sparrow |first2=Elizabeth |last2=O'Shea |date=December 7, 2010 |url=http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/41914.html |title=Open letter: To Julia Gillard, re Julian Assange |website=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=2015-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505063342/http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/41914.html |archive-date=May 5, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 * [[Pussy Riot]] trial, Russia, 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spiked-online.com/newsite/article/how_to_become_a_cause_celebre_a_guide_for_political_prisoners/14460 |title=How to become a cause célèbre: a guide for political prisoners |first=Brendan |last=O'Neill |website=spiked |publisher=Spiked Ltd |date=2013-12-24 |access-date=2015-07-15}}</ref>
@@ Line 79: / Line 77: @@
 * [[Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi]], Turkey, 2018
 * [[Murder of George Floyd]], United States, 2020
-* [[2020 Tarlac shooting]], Philippines, 2020<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gutierrez|first=Jason|date=21 December 2020|title=A Brazen Police Shooting Caught on Video Sparks Anger in the Philippines|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/21/world/asia/philippines-police-shooting-video.html|access-date=2021-01-01|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
-* [[Death of Christine Dacera]], Philippines, 2021<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/1/6/Timeline-Christine-Dacera-case.html | title=TIMELINE: The Christine Dacera case |work=CNN Philippines| date=January 6, 2021 | access-date=June 3, 2022}}</ref>
 * [[Murder of Sarah Everard]], United Kingdom, 2021
 * Trial of [[Kyle Rittenhouse]] after the [[Kenosha unrest shooting]], United States, 2021<ref>{{Cite news|last= Barrett|first=Joe|date=2020-09-01|title=Kyle Rittenhouse, Charged With Killing Two in Kenosha, Sees Strong Fundraising Support|language=en|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/kyle-rittenhouse-charged-with-killing-two-in-kenosha-emerges-as-a-cause-celebre-to-some-11598998441|access-date=2022-07-10}}</ref>
 * [[Murder of Moïse Mugenyi Kabagambe]], Brazil, 2022
 * [[Death of Mahsa Amini]], Iran, 2022
-* [[Killing of Percy Lapid]], Philippines, 2022<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/broadcaster-percy-lapid-killed-in-las-pinas-2nd-under-marcos/ |title=Broadcaster Percy Lapid killed in Las Piñas, 2nd under Marcos |work=Rappler | date=October 4, 2022 | access-date=October 9, 2022}}</ref>
-* [[Death of Jullebee Ranara]], Philippines, 2023<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/02/02/jullebee-ranara-brutal-slay-victim/?amp |title=Jullebee Ranara, brutal slay victim |last=Cruz-Araneta |first=Gemma |author-link=Gemma Cruz-Araneta |date=February 2, 2023 |newspaper=[[Manila Bulletin]]}}</ref>
-* [[Death of John Matthew Salilig]], Philippines, 2023<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/3/6/John-Matthew-Salilig-hazing-case.html| title=TIMELINE: The hazing death of John Matthew Salilig |work=CNN Philippines| date=March 6, 2023 | access-date=March 30, 2023}}</ref>
-* [[Pamplona massacre]], Philippines, 2023<ref>{{cite news |title=Negros Oriental governor, five others shot dead in Philippines |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/4/governor-and-others-shot-central-philippines |access-date=March 5, 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera English]] |date=March 4, 2023}}</ref>
-* [[Hong Tai raid]], Philippines, 2023<ref name="rescues">{{cite news |last1=Abarca |first1=Charie |title=Cops rescue 2,714 workers during Pogo complex raid in Las Piñas |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1793795/cops-rescue-2714-workers-after-pogo-complex-raid-in-las-pinas |access-date=13 July 2023 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=27 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
-* [[2023 Welcome Rotonda road rage incident]], Philippines, 2023<ref name="DriverIsADismissedCop">{{Cite news |last=Villamente |first=Jing |date=August 29, 2023 |title=Road rage driver a dismissed QC cop |work=[[Daily Tribune (Philippines)|Daily Tribune]] |url=https://tribune.net.ph/2023/08/28/road-rage-driver-a-dismissed-qc-cop/ |access-date=August 29, 2023}}</ref>
 }}

Revision as of 08:07, 5 September 2023

Etymology

Examples

See also

References

External links