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{{Short description|Educational Institutions in Singapore}}
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'''Centralised institutes''' in [[Singapore]] are pre-university centres in Singapore what offers three-year pre-university courses under three streams, the traditional Science and Arts streams concurrently offered at [[Junior college (Singapore)|junior colleges]], as well as the [[Commerce]] streams. These three-year university courses leads to the Singapore leads to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examinations, and formerly in complement with the [[London Chamber of Commerce & Industry|London Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] (LCCI) examinations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19891018.2.30.5|title=Outram Institute's extra exams for students pay off|last=Chua|first=Chong Jin|date=1989-10-18|work=The Straits Times|access-date=2017-11-30|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings|page=18}}</ref>
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
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'''Centralised institutes''' in [[Singapore]] offer three-year pre-university courses under three streams, the traditional science and arts streams concurrently offered in [[Junior college (Singapore)|junior colleges]], and the [[commerce]] streams. These lead to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examinations, and formerly in complement with the [[London Chamber of Commerce & Industry|London Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] examinations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url= http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19891018.2.30.5 |title=Outram Institute's extra exams for students pay off |last=Chua |first=Chong Jin |date=18 October 1989 |work=The Straits Times |access-date=30 November 2017 |location=Singapore |page=18}}</ref>


Currently, [[Millennia Institute]] is the only centralised institute in Singapore, incorporated in 2004 through the merger of Outrum Institute and Jurong Institute. Other former centralised institutes included Seletar Institute and Townsville Institute.<ref name=":1"/>
[[Millennia Institute]] is now the only centralised institute in Singapore, established in 2004 through the merger of Outram and Jurong Institutes. Other former centralised institutes included Seletar Institute and Townsville Institute.<ref name=":1"/>


== History ==
== History ==
===Establishment===
===Establishment of Institutes===
The centralised institutes education pathway was first introduced in Singapore in the late 1980s with an education reform involving the pre-university education system. The establishment of centralised institutes as specialised pre-university centres for [[Commerce]] pre-university streams was in line with the crease of Commerce and Technical streams at junior colleges. Technical streams are reformed as diplomas in polytechnics. {{Citation needed|date=November 2017}}
The centralised institutes education pathway was first introduced in Singapore in the late 1980s with an education reform involving the pre-university education system. The establishment of centralised institutes as specialised centres for Commerce pre-university streams was in line with the creation of commerce and technical streams at junior colleges. Technical streams are reformed as diplomas in polytechnics.{{Citation needed|date=November 2017}}


==== Establishment of Outram Institute ====
==== Establishment of Outram Institute ====
'''Outram Institute''' ([[Abbreviation]]: '''OI'''; [[Simplified Chinese|Chinese]]: 欧南高级中学) was one of 4 original [[Education in Singapore#Pre-university|Centralised Institute]]s (CI) in [[Singapore]], and one of the two CIs to have been merged to establish the nation's current only CI, [[Millennia Institute]]. Outram Institute is the first Centralised pre-[[university]] Centre in Singapore specializing in commercial studies.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19870414-1.2.35.10?ST=1&AT=search&k=outram%20institute&QT=outram,institute&oref=article|title=Outram needs name with stature|last=Law|first=Bernard|date=1987-04-14|work=The Straits Times|access-date=2017-11-30|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings|page=18}}</ref> Students in Outram Institute take the A Levels in three years, unlike any other Pre-university course students in a [[Junior College]] (JC).
'''Outram Institute''' ([[Simplified Chinese|Chinese]]: 欧南高级中学) was one of four original [[Education in Singapore#Pre-university|centralised institute]]s in [[Singapore]], and one of the two that was merged to establish the current only centralised institute, [[Millennia Institute]]. Outram Institute was the first centre in Singapore specialising in commercial studies.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19870414-1.2.35.10?ST=1&AT=search&k=outram%20institute&QT=outram,institute&oref=article |title=Outram needs name with stature |last=Law |first=Bernard |date=14 April 1987 |work=The Straits Times |access-date=30 November 2017 |location=Singapore |page=18}}</ref> Students in Outram Institute take the A Levels in three years, unlike other pre-university course students in [[Junior College]]s.


In the 1980s, 3-year pre-university courses were conducted in several secondary schools. In 1987 the Ministry of Education set up the first Institute, Outram Institute (OI) to offer 3-year pre-university courses on a centralised basis. Outram Institute prepare students for the GCE `A' Level Examinations. Initially, it concentrated on commerce subjects and had only the Commerce stream. The Arts stream was later being introduced to the school. Outram Institute functions on a full-day basis and teaching modes has included lectures and classroom instruction. Admission to the Institute is based on the aggregate point of First Language and four relevant subjects (L1R4). Mrs Lim Han Soon, Principal of Outram Secondary School, was being appointed as the first principal to head Outram Institute.
In the 1980s, three-year pre-university courses were conducted in several secondary schools. In 1987 the Ministry of Education set up the first institute, Outram Institute, to offer three-year pre-university courses on a centralised basis. Outram Institute prepared students for the GCE 'A' Level Examinations. Initially, it concentrated on commerce subjects and had only the commerce stream. The arts stream was later introduced to the school. Outram Institute functioned on a full-day basis and teaching modes included lectures and classroom instruction. Admission is based on the aggregate point of first language and four relevant subjects. Mrs Lim Han Soon, Principal of Outram Secondary School, was appointed the first principal of Outram Institute.


The Institute was being temporarily accommodated in premises at Bartley Road which was vacated by Chung Hwa High School when the school moved to new premises in December 1987. The Bartley Road premises was then renovated to provide the necessary facilities and a conducive environment for students.
The institute was temporarily accommodated in premises at Bartley Road which were vacated by Chung Hwa High School when that school moved to new premises in December 1987. The Bartley Road premises were then renovated to provide the necessary facilities.


In 1989, Outrum Institute was the first pre-university centre in Singapore to offer the [[London Chamber of Commerce & Industry|London Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] (LCCI) examination, on top of the [[Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level]] examination. The first batch of its students achieved a commendable 80 percent pass rate in the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) examination, as reflected on an local article on 18 October 1989.<ref name=":0" />
In 1989, Outram Institute was the first pre-university centre in Singapore to offer the [[London Chamber of Commerce & Industry|London Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] examination, on top of the [[Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level]] examination. The first batch of students achieved an 80 percent pass rate.<ref name=":0" />


==== Establishment of Jurong Institute ====
==== Establishment of Jurong Institute ====
'''Jurong Institute (JI)''' ({{Zh|c=裕廊高级中学|s=|t=}}) was formed in 1989 as Singapore's third centralised institute. The inaugural campus was located at [[Jurong West]] Street 91. On 18 November 1994, Jurong Institute relocated to 2 Toh Tuck Terrace.
'''Jurong Institute''' ({{Zh|c=裕廊高级中学|s=|t=}}) was formed in 1989 as Singapore's third centralised institute. The inaugural campus was located at [[Jurong West]] Street 91. In 1994 it relocated to 2 Toh Tuck Terrace.


==== Establishment of Seletar Institute ====
==== Establishment of Seletar Institute ====
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Seletar Institute flag.png|thumb|Flag of former Seletar Institute]] -->
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Seletar Institute flag.png|thumb|Flag of former Seletar Institute]] -->
'''Seletar Institute (SI)''' ({{Lang-zh|c=立德高级中学|s=|t=}}) was established in January 1988 as Singapore's second centralised institute. It began operations with 17 staff and 186 students in January 1989, at the former campus of Upper Thomson Secondary School at 14.5&nbsp;km off Upper Thomson Road. <!-- Original research without citation, not in line with Wikipedia's style of writing:
'''Seletar Institute''' ({{Lang-zh|c=立德高级中学|s=|t=}}) was established in January 1988 as Singapore's second centralised institute. It began operations with 17 staff and 186 students in January 1989, at the former campus of Upper Thomson Secondary School at 14.5&nbsp;km off Upper Thomson Road. <!-- Original research without citation, not in line with Wikipedia's style of writing:
During the first 3 months of the pioneer batch in 1989, students spent their ECA (Extra Curricular Activities) to cut the tall wild grasses and paint the buildings. The first lecture theatre had an improvised white cloth as the projector screen - hung using strings from the four corners. There were no airconditioning and whenever the forthnightly fumigation from the Ministry of Environment came along, the students had to cover their mouth/nose with one hand and take lecture notes with the other. This was truly a "Kampung school" but one that very much retained the "Kampung spirit" which lacks in most other modern institutions of learning. -->
During the first 3 months of the pioneer batch in 1989, students spent their extracurricular activities cutting the tall wild grasses and painting the buildings. The first lecture theatre had an improvised white cloth as the projector screen - hung using strings from the four corners. There were no airconditioning and whenever the forthnightly fumigation from the Ministry of Environment came along, the students had to cover their mouth/nose with one hand and take lecture notes with the other. This was a "Kampung school" but one that very much retained the "Kampung spirit" which lacked in most other modern institutions of learning. -->


In 1990, the campus was expanded, with a new two storey block at the back of the original facility, consisting of 10 class rooms at Level 1 and 2 Lecture Theatres at Level 2. The pioneer batch students (10 classes or what was known as "Civics Tutorial Group") moved to the new block whilst the two junior batches remained at the old block. Its library, third LT and four additional classrooms was built in 1991, its fourth LT, [[gym]]nasium, weights room, fitness stations, [[art]] studio and students’ locker room in 1992 and its conference room, printing room, counselling room, resource rooms and staff lounges in 1993. [[Air-conditioner]]s were installed extensively throughout campus. It underwent repainting, renovations and upgrades in 1994, with a new volleyball court and walkway to Block B from the canteen and [[Internet]] introduced in 1995. In 1996, a student’s computer corner was created to facilitate students without internet access or computer. {{Citation needed|date=November 2017}}
In 1990 the campus was expanded, with a new two-storey block at the back of the original facility, consisting of 10 classrooms at Level 1 and two lecture theatres at Level 2. The pioneer batch students (10 classes or what was known as "Civics Tutorial Group") moved to the new block while the two junior batches remained at the old block. Its library, third lecture theatre and four additional classrooms were built in 1991, its fourth lecture theatre, gymnasium, weight room, fitness stations, art studio and students' locker room in 1992, and its conference room, printing room, counselling room, resource rooms and staff lounges in 1993. [[Air-conditioner]]s were installed throughout. It underwent repainting, renovation and upgrades in 1994, with a new volleyball court and walkway to Block B from the canteen and [[Internet]] introduced in 1995. In 1996, a computer corner was created for the benefit of students without internet access or computer. {{Citation needed|date=November 2017}}


==== Establishment of Townsville Institute ====
==== Establishment of Townsville Institute ====
'''Townsville Institute (TI)''' ({{Lang-zh|c=城景高级中学|s=|t=}}) was the fourth centralised institute established in Singapore to offer a three-year [[curriculum]] leading to the Singapore Cambridge (UCLES) [[General Certificate of Education]] [[Advanced Level (UK)|Advanced Level]] examination. The centralised institute was located at Margaret Drive in [[Queenstown, Singapore|Queenstown]]. {{Citation needed|date=November 2017}} Currently, the former site of Townsville institute now houses the [[National Institute of Education]] (NIE) Townsville campus. {{Citation needed|date=November 2017}}
'''Townsville Institute''' ({{Lang-zh|c=城景高级中学|s=|t=}}) was the fourth centralised institute established in Singapore to offer a three-year [[curriculum]] leading to the Singapore Cambridge [[General Certificate of Education]] [[Advanced Level (UK)|Advanced Level]] examination. It was located at Margaret Drive in [[Queenstown, Singapore|Queenstown]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2017}} The former site of Townsville institute now houses the [[National Institute of Education]] Townsville campus.{{Citation needed|date=November 2017}}


=== Closure of Townsville and Seletar Institute ===
=== Closure of Townsville and Seletar Institutes ===
With a fall in demand in three-year pre-university courses over two-year junior colleges, Seletar Institute witnessed a rapidly falling enrollment, to as low as 130 students in 1995. In November 1995, The Ministry of Education announced the closure of Seletar Institute and Townsville Institute owing to the rapidly falling enrollment into centralised instiutes, from 3560 students in 1993 to 2328 students in 1995. Both institutes ceased the intake of first-year students in 1996, and ceased operation in 1998 with the graduation of its final batch of students.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://newslink.asiaone.com/user/OrderArticleRequest.action?order=&month=11&year=1995&date=22&docLanguage=en&documentId=nica_ST_1995_1260921|title=Falling demand, so 2 Pre-U centres to close in 2 years|last=BRAEMA MATHI|first=|date=1995-11-22|work=The Straits Times|access-date=2017-11-30|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings|page=25}}</ref>
With a fall in demand in three-year pre-university courses in favour of two-year junior college courses, Seletar Institute witnessed a rapidly falling enrolment, to 130 students in 1995. In November 1995, the Ministry of Education announced the closure of Seletar Institute and Townsville Institute owing to the rapidly falling enrolment, from 3560 students in 1993 to 2328 students in 1995. Both institutes ceased the intake of first-year students in 1996, and ceased operation in 1998 with the graduation of its final batch of students.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://newslink.asiaone.com/user/OrderArticleRequest.action?order=&month=11&year=1995&date=22&docLanguage=en&documentId=nica_ST_1995_1260921 |title=Falling demand, so 2 Pre-U centres to close in 2 years |last=Braema Mathi |date=22 November 1995 |work=The Straits Times |access-date=30 November 2017 |location=Singapore |page=25}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>


=== Merger and establishment of Millennia Institute ===
=== Merger of Outram and Jurong Institutes and establishment of Millennia Institute ===
On 26 July 2003, decision was made public by the Ministry of Education on the merger of Outram Institute and Jurong Institute to conglomerate the sparsely organised three-year pre-university institutions into a single entity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://millenniainstitute.moe.edu.sg/about-mi|title=About MI|last=|first=|date=|website=millenniainstitute.moe.edu.sg|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-11-30}}</ref> This move was to allow consolidation of expertise and teaching resources of the two institutes, and provide students with more customised programmes and facilities, thereby enhancing the delivery of the three-year pre-university education programme. As a result, Millennia Institute was established on 3 January 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2003/pr20030726_print.htm|title=INDEPENDENT JUNIOR COLLEGES, MERGER OF CENTRALISED INSTITUTES AND ENHANCEMENTS TO EDUSAVE SCHOLARSHIPS FRAMEWORK - MOE Press Releases (26 July 2003)|website=www.moe.gov.sg|access-date=2016-12-25}}</ref> A new campus was announced on 2 December 2003 to be ready in 2007.<ref>{{Cite news|url=|title=New campus for merging centralised institutes|last=KOH|first=YVONNE|date=2003-12-03|work=The Straits Times|access-date=2017-11-30|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref>
On 26 July 2003, decision was made public by the Ministry of Education on the merger of Outram Institute and Jurong Institute to conglomerate the sparsely organised three-year pre-university institutions into a single entity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=http://millenniainstitute.moe.edu.sg/about-mi |title=About MI |publisher=Millennia Institute |access-date=30 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224090000/http://millenniainstitute.moe.edu.sg/about-mi |archive-date=24 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This move was to allow consolidation of expertise and teaching resources of the two institutes, and provide students with more customised programmes and facilities, thereby enhancing the delivery of the three-year pre-university education programme. As a result, Millennia Institute was established on 3 January 2004.<ref>{{Cite press release |url= https://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2003/pr20030726_print.htm |title=Independent Junior Colleges, Merger of Centralised Institutes and Enhancements to Edusave Scholarships Framework |date=26 July 2003 |publisher=Ministry of Education |access-date=25 December 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080926232403/http://www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2003/pr20030726_print.htm |archive-date=26 September 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A new campus was announced on 2 December 2003 to be ready in 2007.<ref>{{Cite news |title=New campus for merging centralised institutes |last=Koh |first=Yvonne |date=3 December 2003 |work=The Straits Times |location= Singapore}}</ref>


Millennia institute functioned in two campuses of the former Jurong Institute and Outram Institute, before relocating into its permanent campus at 60 Bukit Batok West Avenue 8.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20090518-142202.html|title=2 schools celebrate landmark events|website=news.asiaone.com|access-date=2016-12-25}}</ref>
Millennia institute functioned in two campuses of the former Jurong Institute and Outram Institute, before relocating to its permanent campus at 60 Bukit Batok West Avenue 8.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20090518-142202.html |title=2 schools celebrate landmark events |website=news.asiaone.com |access-date=25 December 2016}}</ref>

== Societal significance ==
The establishment and changes in the centralised institute scheme is a reflection of demographic changes in the educational needs of Singapore. It is a classic example of rapid changes to the demand and needs of pre-university education through the development of the nation.


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 13:33, 26 April 2023

Centralised institutes in Singapore offer three-year pre-university courses under three streams, the traditional science and arts streams concurrently offered in junior colleges, and the commerce streams. These lead to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examinations, and formerly in complement with the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry examinations.[1]

Millennia Institute is now the only centralised institute in Singapore, established in 2004 through the merger of Outram and Jurong Institutes. Other former centralised institutes included Seletar Institute and Townsville Institute.[2]

History

[edit]

Establishment of Institutes

[edit]

The centralised institutes education pathway was first introduced in Singapore in the late 1980s with an education reform involving the pre-university education system. The establishment of centralised institutes as specialised centres for Commerce pre-university streams was in line with the creation of commerce and technical streams at junior colleges. Technical streams are reformed as diplomas in polytechnics.[citation needed]

Establishment of Outram Institute

[edit]

Outram Institute (Chinese: 欧南高级中学) was one of four original centralised institutes in Singapore, and one of the two that was merged to establish the current only centralised institute, Millennia Institute. Outram Institute was the first centre in Singapore specialising in commercial studies.[3] Students in Outram Institute take the A Levels in three years, unlike other pre-university course students in Junior Colleges.

In the 1980s, three-year pre-university courses were conducted in several secondary schools. In 1987 the Ministry of Education set up the first institute, Outram Institute, to offer three-year pre-university courses on a centralised basis. Outram Institute prepared students for the GCE 'A' Level Examinations. Initially, it concentrated on commerce subjects and had only the commerce stream. The arts stream was later introduced to the school. Outram Institute functioned on a full-day basis and teaching modes included lectures and classroom instruction. Admission is based on the aggregate point of first language and four relevant subjects. Mrs Lim Han Soon, Principal of Outram Secondary School, was appointed the first principal of Outram Institute.

The institute was temporarily accommodated in premises at Bartley Road which were vacated by Chung Hwa High School when that school moved to new premises in December 1987. The Bartley Road premises were then renovated to provide the necessary facilities.

In 1989, Outram Institute was the first pre-university centre in Singapore to offer the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry examination, on top of the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examination. The first batch of students achieved an 80 percent pass rate.[1]

Establishment of Jurong Institute

[edit]

Jurong Institute (Chinese: 裕廊高级中学) was formed in 1989 as Singapore's third centralised institute. The inaugural campus was located at Jurong West Street 91. In 1994 it relocated to 2 Toh Tuck Terrace.

Establishment of Seletar Institute

[edit]

Seletar Institute (Chinese: 立德高级中学) was established in January 1988 as Singapore's second centralised institute. It began operations with 17 staff and 186 students in January 1989, at the former campus of Upper Thomson Secondary School at 14.5 km off Upper Thomson Road.

In 1990 the campus was expanded, with a new two-storey block at the back of the original facility, consisting of 10 classrooms at Level 1 and two lecture theatres at Level 2. The pioneer batch students (10 classes or what was known as "Civics Tutorial Group") moved to the new block while the two junior batches remained at the old block. Its library, third lecture theatre and four additional classrooms were built in 1991, its fourth lecture theatre, gymnasium, weight room, fitness stations, art studio and students' locker room in 1992, and its conference room, printing room, counselling room, resource rooms and staff lounges in 1993. Air-conditioners were installed throughout. It underwent repainting, renovation and upgrades in 1994, with a new volleyball court and walkway to Block B from the canteen and Internet introduced in 1995. In 1996, a computer corner was created for the benefit of students without internet access or computer. [citation needed]

Establishment of Townsville Institute

[edit]

Townsville Institute (Chinese: 城景高级中学) was the fourth centralised institute established in Singapore to offer a three-year curriculum leading to the Singapore Cambridge General Certificate of Education Advanced Level examination. It was located at Margaret Drive in Queenstown.[citation needed] The former site of Townsville institute now houses the National Institute of Education Townsville campus.[citation needed]

Closure of Townsville and Seletar Institutes

[edit]

With a fall in demand in three-year pre-university courses in favour of two-year junior college courses, Seletar Institute witnessed a rapidly falling enrolment, to 130 students in 1995. In November 1995, the Ministry of Education announced the closure of Seletar Institute and Townsville Institute owing to the rapidly falling enrolment, from 3560 students in 1993 to 2328 students in 1995. Both institutes ceased the intake of first-year students in 1996, and ceased operation in 1998 with the graduation of its final batch of students.[4]

Merger of Outram and Jurong Institutes and establishment of Millennia Institute

[edit]

On 26 July 2003, decision was made public by the Ministry of Education on the merger of Outram Institute and Jurong Institute to conglomerate the sparsely organised three-year pre-university institutions into a single entity.[2] This move was to allow consolidation of expertise and teaching resources of the two institutes, and provide students with more customised programmes and facilities, thereby enhancing the delivery of the three-year pre-university education programme. As a result, Millennia Institute was established on 3 January 2004.[5] A new campus was announced on 2 December 2003 to be ready in 2007.[6]

Millennia institute functioned in two campuses of the former Jurong Institute and Outram Institute, before relocating to its permanent campus at 60 Bukit Batok West Avenue 8.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Chua, Chong Jin (18 October 1989). "Outram Institute's extra exams for students pay off". The Straits Times. Singapore. p. 18. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  2. ^ a b "About MI". Millennia Institute. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  3. ^ Law, Bernard (14 April 1987). "Outram needs name with stature". The Straits Times. Singapore. p. 18. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  4. ^ Braema Mathi (22 November 1995). "Falling demand, so 2 Pre-U centres to close in 2 years". The Straits Times. Singapore. p. 25. Retrieved 30 November 2017.[dead link]
  5. ^ "Independent Junior Colleges, Merger of Centralised Institutes and Enhancements to Edusave Scholarships Framework" (Press release). Ministry of Education. 26 July 2003. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
  6. ^ Koh, Yvonne (3 December 2003). "New campus for merging centralised institutes". The Straits Times. Singapore.
  7. ^ "2 schools celebrate landmark events". news.asiaone.com. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
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