Dalhousie Springs: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Latest revision as of 13:19, 5 January 2024

Dalhousie Springs, also known as Witjira-Dalhousie Springs,^[1] is a group of over 60 natural artesian springs located in Witjira National Park on the western fringe of the Simpson Desert, 180 kilometres northeast of Oodnadatta in northern South Australia. They are about 250 kilometres (160 mi) southeast of Alice Springs.^[1]

History

The springs form part of Aboriginal tradition and life in northern South Australia, being a place associated with many Dreamtime stories and songs. Evidence of large camp sites are found at the Springs, some of which are thousands of square metres in size, and there are many stone artefacts found scattered around the area.^[1]

The springs were given their English name by surveyor Richard Randall Knuckey around 1870, when he was working on the Overland Telegraph Line.^[2]

In 1915, the total flow rate of the Dalhousie Springs complex was over 23,000 litres (5,100 imp gal)/second, but drilling had reduced this to 17,360 litres (3,820 imp gal)/second by 2000.^[3]^[4]

Witjira-Dalhousie Springs was added to the Australian National Heritage List in August 2009.^[5] In 1980, It was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.^[6]

On 26 November 2021, the government changed the conditions of the park, to forever exclude mining in the Dalhousie Springs National Heritage Area.^[7]

Description

Its water comes from part of the Great Artesian Basin aquifer. The Springs complex appears to be recharged by water thousands of years old, percolated down through the beds of Finke and nearby arid zone rivers, which overlie parts of the Great Artesian Basin. As a geological feature, it is unique in Australia.^[1]

The water temperatures in the springs range from 38 to 43 degrees Celsius. The water is highly mineralised but just drinkable. There are a number of unique species of fish that live in the waters around Dalhousie Springs, such as the Dalhousie catfish (Neosilurus gloveri), the Dalhousie hardyhead (Craterocephalus dalhousiensis) and the Dalhousie goby (Chlamydogobius gloveri).^{[citation needed]}

Dalhousie Springs is a popular starting point for crossing the Simpson Desert eastwards to Birdsville in Queensland (around 600 kilometres (370 mi)).^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "National Heritage Places: Witjira-Dalhousie Springs". Australian Government. Dept of the Environment and Energy. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
^ "Death of Mr. R. R. Knuckey". The Advertiser. Vol. LVI, no. 17, 368. South Australia. 16 June 1914. p. 9. Retrieved 20 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "Desert Springs of Great Australian Arterial Basin, W. F. Ponder, Conference Proceedings. Spring-fed Wetlands: Important Scientific and Cultural Resources of the Intermountain Region, 2002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2006. Retrieved 2 November 2006.
^ Threats to Australian desert springs
^ "Witjira-Dalhousie Springs". Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
^ "Dalhousie Springs Area, French Tk, Dalhousie ruin via Oodnadatta, SA, Australia – listing on the now defunct Register of the National Estate (Place ID 14710)". Australian Heritage Database. Australian Government. 21 October 1980. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
^ Speirs, David (26 November 2021). "SA now home to Australia's biggest national park". Premier of South Australia. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021. Text may have been copied from this source, which is available under a Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY 3.0 AU) licence.

External links

Media related to Dalhousie Springs at Wikimedia Commons

26°27′20″S 135°28′57″E / 26.4555°S 135.482481°E / -26.4555; 135.482481

This South Australia geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[gov-1] "National Heritage Places: Witjira-Dalhousie Springs". Australian Government. Dept of the Environment and Energy. Retrieved 20 July 2019.

[obit-2] "Death of Mr. R. R. Knuckey". The Advertiser. Vol. LVI, no. 17, 368. South Australia. 16 June 1914. p. 9. Retrieved 20 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.

[3] "Desert Springs of Great Australian Arterial Basin, W. F. Ponder, Conference Proceedings. Spring-fed Wetlands: Important Scientific and Cultural Resources of the Intermountain Region, 2002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2006. Retrieved 2 November 2006.

[4] Threats to Australian desert springs

[ANHL-5] "Witjira-Dalhousie Springs". Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Retrieved 18 June 2010.

[NRE-6] "Dalhousie Springs Area, French Tk, Dalhousie ruin via Oodnadatta, SA, Australia – listing on the now defunct Register of the National Estate (Place ID 14710)". Australian Heritage Database. Australian Government. 21 October 1980. Retrieved 13 May 2018.

[cpc-7] Speirs, David (26 November 2021). "SA now home to Australia's biggest national park". Premier of South Australia. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021. Text may have been copied from this source, which is available under a Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY 3.0 AU) licence.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Group of artesian aquifers in South Australia}}
-[[File:Dalhousie Springs in Witjira National Park - steps into the warm water.JPG|thumb|Dalhousie Springs pool]]
+{{Use Australian English|date=August 2019}}
-'''Dalhousie Springs''' is a group of over 60 natural [[artesian spring]]s located in [[Witjira National Park]] on the western fringe of the [[Simpson Desert]], 180 kilometres northeast of [[Oodnadatta, South Australia|Oodnadatta]] in northern [[South Australia]]. The water temperatures in the springs range from 38 to 43 degrees Celsius. The water is highly mineralised but drinkable (barely). Dalhousie Springs is a popular starting point for crossing the Simpson Desert eastwards to [[Birdsville, Queensland|Birdsville]] in [[Queensland]] (around 600 kilometres).
+{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
+[[File:Dalhousie Springs in Witjira National Park - steps into the warm water.JPG|300px|thumb|Dalhousie Springs pool]]
+'''Dalhousie Springs''', also known as '''Witjira-Dalhousie Springs''',<ref name=gov>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/witjira-dalhousie-springs|website=Australian Government. Dept of the Environment and Energy|title=National Heritage Places: Witjira-Dalhousie Springs|access-date=20 July 2019}}</ref> is a group of over 60 natural [[artesian spring]]s located in [[Witjira National Park]] on the western fringe of the [[Simpson Desert]], 180 kilometres northeast of [[Oodnadatta, South Australia|Oodnadatta]] in northern [[South Australia]]. They are about {{convert|250|km|mi}} southeast of [[Alice Springs]].<ref name=gov/>
+==History==
-In 1915, the total flow rate of the Dalhousie Springs complex was over 23,000 litres/second, but drilling had reduced this to 17,360 litres/second by 2000.<ref>[http://www.wetlands.dri.edu/2002/Ponder.pdf ''Desert Springs of Great Australian Arterial Basin'', W. F. Ponder, Conference Proceedings. Spring-fed Wetlands: Important Scientific and Cultural Resources of the Intermountain Region, 2002.]</ref><ref>[http://www.desertfishes.org/australia/habitats/springs/sprithre.html Threats to Australian desert springs<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
+The springs form part of [[Australian Aboriginal|Aboriginal]] tradition and life in northern South Australia, being a place associated with many [[Dreamtime]] stories and songs. Evidence of large camp sites are found at the Springs, some of which are thousands of square metres in size, and there are many stone [[Artifact (archaeology)|artefacts]] found scattered around the area.<ref name=gov/>
+The springs were given their English name by surveyor [[Richard Randall Knuckey]] around 1870, when he was working on the [[Overland Telegraph Line]].<ref name=obit>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article6420898 |title=Death of Mr. R. R. Knuckey. |newspaper=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]] |volume=LVI |issue=17,368 |location=South Australia |date=16 June 1914 |accessdate=20 July 2019 |page=9 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
-There are a number of unique species of fish that live in the waters around Dalhousie Springs, such as the Dalhousie catfish (''[[Neosilurus gloveri]]''), the [[Dalhousie hardyhead]] (''Craterocephalus dalhousiensis'') and the [[Dalhousie goby]] (''Chlamydogobius gloveri'').
+In 1915, the total flow rate of the Dalhousie Springs complex was over {{convert|23,000| litres|impgal}}/second, but drilling had reduced this to {{convert|17,360|litres|impgal}}/second by 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wetlands.dri.edu/2002/Ponder.pdf |title=''Desert Springs of Great Australian Arterial Basin'', W. F. Ponder, Conference Proceedings. Spring-fed Wetlands: Important Scientific and Cultural Resources of the Intermountain Region, 2002. |access-date=2 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061102231401/http://www.wetlands.dri.edu/2002/Ponder.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.desertfishes.org/australia/habitats/springs/sprithre.html Threats to Australian desert springs<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
-The Dalhousie Springs is also part of a series of Dreamtime Stories involving 3 species of fish which only live in the Dalhousie Springs, which consists of 8 active springs with the largest 50 metres long and 10 metres deep.
-Witjira-Dalhousie Springs was added to the [[Australian National Heritage List]] in August 2009.<ref name=ANHL>{{cite web | title = Witjira-Dalhousie Springs | work = | publisher =Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts | url = http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/witjira-dalhousie-springs/index.html | accessdate = 2010-06-18 }}</ref>  In 1980, It was listed on the now-defunct [[Register of the National Estate]].<ref name="NRE">{{cite AHD|14710|Dalhousie Springs Area, French Tk, Dalhousie ruin via Oodnadatta, SA, Australia  – listing on the now defunct Register of the National Estate |date=21 October 1980|accessdate=13 May 2018}}</ref>
+Witjira-Dalhousie Springs was added to the [[Australian National Heritage List]] in August 2009.<ref name=ANHL>{{cite web | title = Witjira-Dalhousie Springs | publisher =Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts | url = http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/witjira-dalhousie-springs/index.html | accessdate = 2010-06-18 }}</ref>  In 1980, It was listed on the now-defunct [[Register of the National Estate]].<ref name="NRE">{{cite AHD|14710|Dalhousie Springs Area, French Tk, Dalhousie ruin via Oodnadatta, SA, Australia  – listing on the now defunct Register of the National Estate |date=21 October 1980|accessdate=13 May 2018}}</ref>
+On 26 November 2021, the government changed the conditions of the park, to forever exclude mining in the Dalhousie Springs National Heritage Area.<ref name=cpc>{{cite web | title=SA now home to Australia’s biggest national park | website=Premier of South Australia | first=David | last=Speirs | author-link=David Speirs | date=26 November 2021 | url=https://www.premier.sa.gov.au/news/media-releases/news/south-australia-now-home-to-australias-biggest-national-park | access-date=22 December 2021 | archive-date=19 December 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219021011/https://www.premier.sa.gov.au/news/media-releases/news/south-australia-now-home-to-australias-biggest-national-park | url-status=dead }} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text may have been copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/ Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY 3.0 AU)] licence.</ref>
+==Description==
+Its water comes from part of the [[Great Artesian Basin]] aquifer. The Springs complex appears to be recharged by water thousands of years old, percolated down through the beds of [[Finke River|Finke]] and nearby arid zone rivers, which overlie parts of the Great Artesian Basin. As a geological feature, it is unique in Australia.<ref name=gov/>
+The water temperatures in the springs range from 38 to 43 degrees Celsius. The water is highly mineralised but just drinkable. There are a number of unique species of fish that live in the waters around Dalhousie Springs, such as the Dalhousie catfish (''[[Neosilurus gloveri]]''), the [[Dalhousie hardyhead]] (''Craterocephalus dalhousiensis'') and the [[Dalhousie goby]] (''Chlamydogobius gloveri'').{{cn|date=July 2019}}
+Dalhousie Springs is a popular starting point for crossing the Simpson Desert eastwards to [[Birdsville, Queensland|Birdsville]] in [[Queensland]] (around {{convert|600|km|mi}}).{{cn|date=July 2019}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 15: / Line 28: @@
 ==External links==
 {{Commons category-inline}}
+* [http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/witjira-dalhousie-springs Heritage Listing: Dalhousie Springs]
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160324020632/http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/parks/Find_a_Park/Browse_by_region/Flinders_Ranges_Outback/Witjira_National_Park/Attractions Official Website]
 * [http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=place_name%3DDalhousie%2520Springs%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=14710 Listing on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate]
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090413163201/http://www.outbackadventuretreks.com.au/across_australia.php Across Australia Motorbike Tour]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110309230225/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalhousie_Springs "Dalhousie Springs", Across Australia Motorbike Tour]
 {{coord|26.4555|S|135.482481|E|source:dewiki_region:AU-SA_type:landmark|format=dms|display=title}}
@@ Line 24: / Line 38: @@
 [[Category:Australian National Heritage List]]
 [[Category:Far North (South Australia)]]
-[[Category:Places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate]]
+[[Category:South Australian places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate]]
 [[Category:Oases]]
 {{SouthAustralia-geo-stub}}