Deep state in the United States: Difference between revisions
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Donald Trump and [[Steve Bannon]], his chief strategist, have both raised concerns about a deep state which they believe is interfering with the president's agenda.<ref name="Times Bannon">{{Cite journal |title=Rumblings of a ‘Deep State’ Undermining Trump? It Was Once a Foreign Concept |author= Julie Hirschfeld Davis |date=March 6, 2017 |journal=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/06/us/politics/deep-state-trump.html }}</ref> <ref name="WaPo Bannon">{{Cite journal |title=Inside Trump’s fury: The president rages at leaks, setbacks and accusations |author=Phillip Rucker, Robert Costa, Ashley Parker |date=March 5, 2017 |journal=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/inside-trumps-fury-the-president-rages-at-leaks-setbacks-and-accusations/2017/03/05/40713af4-01df-11e7-ad5b-d22680e18d10_story.html?utm_term=.09f59163095b }}</ref> Some Trump allies and right-wing media outlets have claimed, without evidence, that former president [[Barack Obama]] is coordinating a deep state resistance to Trump.<ref name="Times Bannon" /><ref name="Wapo Obama">{{Cite journal |title=Trump and Republicans see a 'deep state' foe: Barack Obama |author=David Weigel |date=March 7, 2017 |journal=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/03/07/trump-and-republicans-see-a-deep-state-foe-barack-obama/?utm_term=.311dca4eb8bc }}</ref> The growth of this narrative within the White House has been linked to Trump's unproven<ref name="Politifact">{{Cite journal |title=Why the White House defense of Trump wiretap accusation is misleading |author=Allison Graves |date=March 5, 2017 |journal=Politifact |url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2017/mar/05/sarah-huckabee-sanders/why-white-houses-defense-trump-accusing-obama-wire/ }}</ref><ref name="The Guardian">{{Cite journal |title=Top Republicans refuse to back up Trump's unproven wiretapping claim |author=Sabrina Siddiqui, David Smith |date=March 8, 2017 |journal=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/07/trump-wiretap-obama-republicans-us-intelligence }}</ref> allegation that [[Trump Tower wiretapping allegations|Obama wiretapped his telephone]] during the 2016 Presidential campaign.{{cn|date=May 2017}} |
Donald Trump and [[Steve Bannon]], his chief strategist, have both raised concerns about a deep state which they believe is interfering with the president's agenda.<ref name="Times Bannon">{{Cite journal |title=Rumblings of a ‘Deep State’ Undermining Trump? It Was Once a Foreign Concept |author= Julie Hirschfeld Davis |date=March 6, 2017 |journal=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/06/us/politics/deep-state-trump.html }}</ref> <ref name="WaPo Bannon">{{Cite journal |title=Inside Trump’s fury: The president rages at leaks, setbacks and accusations |author=Phillip Rucker, Robert Costa, Ashley Parker |date=March 5, 2017 |journal=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/inside-trumps-fury-the-president-rages-at-leaks-setbacks-and-accusations/2017/03/05/40713af4-01df-11e7-ad5b-d22680e18d10_story.html?utm_term=.09f59163095b }}</ref> Some Trump allies and right-wing media outlets have claimed, without evidence, that former president [[Barack Obama]] is coordinating a deep state resistance to Trump.<ref name="Times Bannon" /><ref name="Wapo Obama">{{Cite journal |title=Trump and Republicans see a 'deep state' foe: Barack Obama |author=David Weigel |date=March 7, 2017 |journal=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/03/07/trump-and-republicans-see-a-deep-state-foe-barack-obama/?utm_term=.311dca4eb8bc }}</ref> The growth of this narrative within the White House has been linked to Trump's unproven<ref name="Politifact">{{Cite journal |title=Why the White House defense of Trump wiretap accusation is misleading |author=Allison Graves |date=March 5, 2017 |journal=Politifact |url=http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2017/mar/05/sarah-huckabee-sanders/why-white-houses-defense-trump-accusing-obama-wire/ }}</ref><ref name="The Guardian">{{Cite journal |title=Top Republicans refuse to back up Trump's unproven wiretapping claim |author=Sabrina Siddiqui, David Smith |date=March 8, 2017 |journal=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/07/trump-wiretap-obama-republicans-us-intelligence }}</ref> allegation that [[Trump Tower wiretapping allegations|Obama wiretapped his telephone]] during the 2016 Presidential campaign.{{cn|date=May 2017}} |
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While popular among Trump allies, critics of use of the term in the U.S. argue that the leaks frustrating the Trump administration lack the organizational depth of deep states in other countries, and that use of the term in the U.S. could be used to justify suppressing dissent.<ref name="Atlantic dangerous">{{Cite journal |title=Why it's dangerous to talk about a deep state |author=David A. Graham |date=February 20, 2017 |journal=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/02/why-its-dangerous-to-talk-about-a-deep-state/517221/ }}</ref><ref name="Times Bannon" /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 10:38, 19 May 2017
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The concept of a deep state is that there exists a coordinated effort by career government employees and others to influence state policy without regard for democratically elected leadership.[1][2][3][4][5] The term, which was originally used to refer to sophisticated shadow governments in countries like Russia and Turkey, has also been used in American political science to refer to entrenched government institutions wielding power, without necessarily implying a conspiracy.[6][7] Detractors say this idea is a conspiracy theory.[8][9][10]
The term was used in numerous titles about the American government written by, for example, Marc Ambinder David W. Brown, Peter Dale Scott and Mike Lofgren. The term gained widespread popularity during the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election in opposition to mainstream Republican and Democrat candidates and has also been used in 2017 during the Trump administration.[11]
Definition in political science
Deep state has been defined in 2014 by Mike Lofgren, a former Republican U.S. congressional aide, as "a hybrid association of elements of government and parts of top-level finance and industry that is effectively able to govern the United States without reference to the consent of the governed as expressed through the formal political process."[12][13]
In his 1956 book The Power Elite, C. Wright Mills outlined the origins of power and its development in the United States. Mills' conclusions were that by the mid-twentieth century, American power had become concentrated into three major divisions; the military-industrial complex, Wall Street, and the Pentagon. Prior to President Eisenhower's coinage of the term 'military-industrial complex', its existence and impact on American politics and governmental policy were well developed and recognized by Mills.
In The Concealment of the State, professor Jason Royce Lindsey argues that even absent a conspiratorial agenda, the term deep state is useful for understanding aspects of the national security establishment in developed countries, with emphasis on the United States. Lindsey writes that the deep state draws power from the national security and intelligence communities, a realm where secrecy is a source of power.[14]
Use of the term during the Trump administration
Donald Trump supporters have used the term to refer to intelligence officers and executive branch officials guiding policy through leaking or other internal means.[15][11] The term's conspiratorial undertone has made it popular on conservative and far-right news outlets sympathetic to the Trump administration, including Breitbart News,[16] but it has been discussed widely across the media spectrum.[17][18]
Donald Trump and Steve Bannon, his chief strategist, have both raised concerns about a deep state which they believe is interfering with the president's agenda.[19] [20] Some Trump allies and right-wing media outlets have claimed, without evidence, that former president Barack Obama is coordinating a deep state resistance to Trump.[19][21] The growth of this narrative within the White House has been linked to Trump's unproven[22][23] allegation that Obama wiretapped his telephone during the 2016 Presidential campaign.[citation needed]
See also
- Militarization of police
- Politics in the United States
- Shadow government (conspiracy)
- State within a state
- Deep state in Turkey
- Neoconservatism
- Interventionism (politics)
- Central Intelligence Agency
- Military–industrial complex
- Team B
- The Vulcans
- Office of Special Plans
- Safari Club#United_States_involvement
- Halloween Massacre
References
- ^ Ambinder, Marc; Grady, D.B. (2013). Deep State: Inside the Government Secrecy Industry. Wiley. ISBN 978-1118146682.
- ^ Michael J. Glennon (2014). "National Security and Double Government" (PDF). Harvard National Security Journal. 5.
- ^ Jordan Michael Smith (October 19, 2014). "Vote all you want. The secret government won't change". The Boston Globe.
- ^ Anand Giridharadas (September 15, 2015). "Examining Who Runs the United States". New York Times.
- ^ Geoff Dyer (December 10, 2014). "CIA report is a strike back against America's deep state". The Financial Times.
- ^ The State: Past, Present, Future Bob Jessop, page 224, December 2015 John Wiley & Sons
- ^ New Directions in Criminological Theory Steve Hall,Simon Winlow page 229
- ^ Michael Hafford (March 9, 2017). "Deep State: Inside Donald Trump's Paranoid Conspiracy Theory". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
- ^ Oliver Willis (March 9, 2017). "The Alex Jones influence: Trump's "deep state" fears come from his conspiracy theorist ally and adviser". Salon. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
- ^ "'Deep State' is the latest US conspiracy theory you need to know about". New Zealand Herald. March 10, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
- ^ a b Amanda Taub (February 16, 2017). "As Leaks Multiply, Fears of a 'Deep State' in America". The New York Times.
- ^ "Essay: Anatomy of the Deep State". BillMoyers.com. February 21, 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
- ^ The State: Past, Present, Future Bob Jessop, page 224, December 2015 John Wiley & Sons
- ^ [The Concealment of the State Jason Royce Lindsey, 2013 pages 35-36
- ^ Ishaan Tharoor (February 1, 2017). "Is Trump fighting the deep state or creating his own?". The Washington Post.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Taub, Amanda; Fisher, Max (February 17, 2017). "As Leaks Multiply, Fears of a 'Deep State' in America". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
- ^ Rebellion Brews in Washington—But American ‘Deep State’ Is Only a Myth, John R. Schindler, The Observer, 22 February 2017
- ^ a b Julie Hirschfeld Davis (March 6, 2017). "Rumblings of a 'Deep State' Undermining Trump? It Was Once a Foreign Concept". The New York Times.
- ^ Phillip Rucker, Robert Costa, Ashley Parker (March 5, 2017). "Inside Trump's fury: The president rages at leaks, setbacks and accusations". The Washington Post.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ David Weigel (March 7, 2017). "Trump and Republicans see a 'deep state' foe: Barack Obama". The Washington Post.
- ^ Allison Graves (March 5, 2017). "Why the White House defense of Trump wiretap accusation is misleading". Politifact.
- ^ Sabrina Siddiqui, David Smith (March 8, 2017). "Top Republicans refuse to back up Trump's unproven wiretapping claim". The Guardian.