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{{Politics of the United States}}
{{Politics of the United States}}


The concept of a [[deep state]] claims that there exists a coordinated effort by career government employees and others to influence state policy without regard for democratically elected leadership.<ref name="Deep State">{{Cite book |title=Deep State: Inside the Government Secrecy Industry |first1=Marc |last1=Ambinder |first2=D.B. |last2=Grady |publisher=Wiley |year=2013 |isbn=978-1118146682 }}</ref><ref name="Glennon">{{Cite journal |title=National Security and Double Government |author=Michael J. Glennon |date=2014 |journal=Harvard National Security Journal |volume=5 |url=http://harvardnsj.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Glennon-Final.pdf }}</ref><ref name="Boston Globe">{{Cite journal |title=Vote all you want. The secret government won't change. |author=Jordan Michael Smith |date=October 19, 2014 |journal=The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2014/10/18/vote-all-you-want-the-secret-government-won-change/jVSkXrENQlu8vNcBfMn9sL/story.html?event=event25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/us/examining-who-runs-the-united-states.html| author=Anand Giridharadas| title=Examining Who Runs the United States| publisher=New York Times| date=September 15, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/de85486e-802e-11e4-9907-00144feabdc0.html| author=Geoff Dyer| title=CIA report is a strike back against America's deep state| publisher=The Financial Times| date=December 10, 2014}}</ref> The term, which was originally used to refer to sophisticated shadow governments in countries like [[Turkey]] and [[post-Soviet Russia]], has also been used in [[American political science]] to refer to entrenched government institutions wielding power, without necessarily implying a conspiracy.<ref>The State: Past, Present, Future
[[Deep state]] is a coordinated effort by career government employees, elected officials funded by globalists, media owners, and others to influence state policy without regard for democratically elected leadership.<ref name="Deep State">{{Cite book |title=Deep State: Inside the Government Secrecy Industry |first1=Marc |last1=Ambinder |first2=D.B. |last2=Grady |publisher=Wiley |year=2013 |isbn=978-1118146682 }}</ref><ref name="Glennon">{{Cite journal |title=National Security and Double Government |author=Michael J. Glennon |date=2014 |journal=Harvard National Security Journal |volume=5 |url=http://harvardnsj.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Glennon-Final.pdf }}</ref><ref name="Boston Globe">{{Cite journal |title=Vote all you want. The secret government won't change. |author=Jordan Michael Smith |date=October 19, 2014 |journal=The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2014/10/18/vote-all-you-want-the-secret-government-won-change/jVSkXrENQlu8vNcBfMn9sL/story.html?event=event25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/us/examining-who-runs-the-united-states.html| author=Anand Giridharadas| title=Examining Who Runs the United States| publisher=New York Times| date=September 15, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/de85486e-802e-11e4-9907-00144feabdc0.html| author=Geoff Dyer| title=CIA report is a strike back against America's deep state| publisher=The Financial Times| date=December 10, 2014}}</ref> The term, which was originally used to refer to sophisticated shadow governments in countries like [[Turkey]] and [[post-Soviet Russia]], has also been used in [[American political science]] to refer to entrenched government institutions wielding power, without necessarily implying a conspiracy.<ref>The State: Past, Present, Future
Bob Jessop, page 224, December 2015 John Wiley & Sons</ref><ref>New Directions in Criminological Theory
Bob Jessop, page 224, December 2015 John Wiley & Sons</ref><ref>New Directions in Criminological Theory
Steve Hall,Simon Winlow page 229</ref> Detractors say this idea is a [[conspiracy theory]].<ref name="Rolling Stone">{{cite news|author=Michael Hafford|title=Deep State: Inside Donald Trump's Paranoid Conspiracy Theory |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/deep-state-inside-donald-trumps-paranoid-conspiracy-theory-w471375 |work=Rolling Stone|access-date=2017-03-13|date=2017-03-09}}</ref><ref name="Salon">{{cite news|author=Oliver Willis|title=The Alex Jones influence: Trump’s "deep state" fears come from his conspiracy theorist ally and adviser|url=http://www.salon.com/2017/03/09/the-alex-jones-influence-trumps-deep-state-fears-come-from-his-conspiracy-theorist-ally-and-adviser_partner/ |work=Salon|access-date=2017-03-13|date=2017-03-09}}</ref><ref name="NZHerald">{{cite news|title='Deep State' is the latest US conspiracy theory you need to know about|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11815778 |work=New Zealand Herald|access-date=2017-03-13|date=2017-03-10}}</ref>
Steve Hall,Simon Winlow page 229</ref> Detractors say this idea is a [[conspiracy theory]].<ref name="Rolling Stone">{{cite news|author=Michael Hafford|title=Deep State: Inside Donald Trump's Paranoid Conspiracy Theory |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/deep-state-inside-donald-trumps-paranoid-conspiracy-theory-w471375 |work=Rolling Stone|access-date=2017-03-13|date=2017-03-09}}</ref><ref name="Salon">{{cite news|author=Oliver Willis|title=The Alex Jones influence: Trump’s "deep state" fears come from his conspiracy theorist ally and adviser|url=http://www.salon.com/2017/03/09/the-alex-jones-influence-trumps-deep-state-fears-come-from-his-conspiracy-theorist-ally-and-adviser_partner/ |work=Salon|access-date=2017-03-13|date=2017-03-09}}</ref><ref name="NZHerald">{{cite news|title='Deep State' is the latest US conspiracy theory you need to know about|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11815778 |work=New Zealand Herald|access-date=2017-03-13|date=2017-03-10}}</ref>

Revision as of 02:10, 7 August 2017

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Deep state is a coordinated effort by career government employees, elected officials funded by globalists, media owners, and others to influence state policy without regard for democratically elected leadership.[1][2][3][4][5] The term, which was originally used to refer to sophisticated shadow governments in countries like Turkey and post-Soviet Russia, has also been used in American political science to refer to entrenched government institutions wielding power, without necessarily implying a conspiracy.[6][7] Detractors say this idea is a conspiracy theory.[8][9][10]

The term was used in numerous titles about the American government written by, for example, Marc Ambinder, David W. Brown, Peter Dale Scott and Mike Lofgren.

The term gained popularity in some circles during the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election in opposition to mainstream Republican and Democratic candidates and has also been used in 2017 during the Trump administration.[11]

Definition in political science

See also: State within a state

Deep state has been defined in 2014 by Mike Lofgren, a former Republican U.S. congressional aide, as "a hybrid association of elements of government and parts of top-level finance and industry that is effectively able to govern the United States without reference to the consent of the governed as expressed through the formal political process."[12][13]

In The Concealment of the State, professor Jason Royce Lindsey argues that even absent a conspiratorial agenda, the term deep state is useful for understanding aspects of the national security establishment in developed countries, with emphasis on the United States. Lindsey writes that the deep state draws power from the national security and intelligence communities, a realm where secrecy is a source of power.[14] Alfred W. McCoy states that the increase in the power of the U.S. intelligence community since the September 11 attacks "has built a fourth branch of the U.S. government" that is "in many ways autonomous from the executive, and increasingly so."[15]

Use of the term during the Trump administration

Donald Trump supporters use the term to refer to their claims that intelligence officers and executive branch officials guide policy through leaking or other internal means.[16][11] The term's conspiratorial undertone has made it popular on conservative and far-right news outlets sympathetic to the Trump administration, including Breitbart News.[17] It has also been discussed by The New York Times[18] and The Observer.[19]

Donald Trump and Steve Bannon, his chief strategist, have both made claims about a deep state which they believe is interfering with the president's agenda.[20][21] Some Trump allies and right-wing media outlets have claimed that former president Barack Obama is coordinating a deep state resistance to Trump.[20][22] The growth of this narrative within the White House has been linked to Trump's unproven[23][24] allegation that Obama wiretapped his telephone during the 2016 Presidential campaign.[25]

While popular among Trump allies, critics of use of the term in the U.S. dismiss it as a conspiracy theory[26] and argue that the leaks frustrating the Trump administration lack the organizational depth of deep states in other countries, and that use of the term in the U.S. could be used to justify suppressing dissent.[27][20]

See also

References

  1. ^ Ambinder, Marc; Grady, D.B. (2013). Deep State: Inside the Government Secrecy Industry. Wiley. ISBN 978-1118146682.
  2. ^ Michael J. Glennon (2014). "National Security and Double Government" (PDF). Harvard National Security Journal. 5.
  3. ^ Jordan Michael Smith (October 19, 2014). "Vote all you want. The secret government won't change". The Boston Globe.
  4. ^ Anand Giridharadas (September 15, 2015). "Examining Who Runs the United States". New York Times.
  5. ^ Geoff Dyer (December 10, 2014). "CIA report is a strike back against America's deep state". The Financial Times.
  6. ^ The State: Past, Present, Future Bob Jessop, page 224, December 2015 John Wiley & Sons
  7. ^ New Directions in Criminological Theory Steve Hall,Simon Winlow page 229
  8. ^ Michael Hafford (March 9, 2017). "Deep State: Inside Donald Trump's Paranoid Conspiracy Theory". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
  9. ^ Oliver Willis (March 9, 2017). "The Alex Jones influence: Trump's "deep state" fears come from his conspiracy theorist ally and adviser". Salon. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
  10. ^ "'Deep State' is the latest US conspiracy theory you need to know about". New Zealand Herald. March 10, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
  11. ^ a b Amanda Taub (February 16, 2017). "As Leaks Multiply, Fears of a 'Deep State' in America". The New York Times.
  12. ^ "Essay: Anatomy of the Deep State". BillMoyers.com. February 21, 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  13. ^ The State: Past, Present, Future Bob Jessop, page 224, December 2015 John Wiley & Sons
  14. ^ [The Concealment of the State] Jason Royce Lindsey, 2013 pages 35–36
  15. ^ Scahill, Jeremy (July 22, 2017). "Donald Trump and the Coming Fall of the American Empire". The Intercept. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
  16. ^ Ishaan Tharoor (February 1, 2017). "Is Trump fighting the deep state or creating his own?". The Washington Post.
  17. ^ [1]
  18. ^ Taub, Amanda; Fisher, Max (February 17, 2017). "As Leaks Multiply, Fears of a 'Deep State' in America". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
  19. ^ Rebellion Brews in Washington—But American ‘Deep State’ Is Only a Myth, John R. Schindler, The Observer, 22 February 2017
  20. ^ a b c Julie Hirschfeld Davis (March 6, 2017). "Rumblings of a 'Deep State' Undermining Trump? It Was Once a Foreign Concept". The New York Times.
  21. ^ Phillip Rucker, Robert Costa, Ashley Parker (March 5, 2017). "Inside Trump's fury: The president rages at leaks, setbacks and accusations". The Washington Post.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ David Weigel (March 7, 2017). "Trump and Republicans see a 'deep state' foe: Barack Obama". The Washington Post.
  23. ^ Allison Graves (March 5, 2017). "Why the White House defense of Trump wiretap accusation is misleading". Politifact.
  24. ^ Sabrina Siddiqui, David Smith (March 8, 2017). "Top Republicans refuse to back up Trump's unproven wiretapping claim". The Guardian.
  25. ^ Benjamin, Daniel and McCloy, John J. (March 2017). "Why Steve Bannon Wants You to Believe in the Deep State". POLITICO Magazine.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Stanage, Niall (June 5, 2017). "THE MEMO: Is Trump a victim of the 'deep state'?". The Hill.
  27. ^ David A. Graham (February 20, 2017). "Why it's dangerous to talk about a deep state". The Atlantic.
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