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{{for|a later party which went by the same name|English Democrats Party}}
{{for|a later party which went by the same name|English Democrats Party}}
'''English National Party''' has been the name of various political parties of [[England]].
'''English National Party''' has been the name of various political parties of [[England]], which have commonly called for a separate [[parliament]] for England.


==The original ENP==
==The original ENP==
The English National Party (ENP) was founded as the '''John Hampden New Freedom Party''' in 1966 by [[Frank Hansford-Miller]]. [[John Hampden]] was a reference to a leading [[Roundhead|parliamentarian]] from the [[English Civil War]]. In 1974, it was renamed the "English Nationalist Party".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=kgSJAAAAMAAJ&dq=Politico%27s+Guide+to+the+History+of+British+Political+Parties&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Frank+Hansford-Miller |title=Politico's guide to the history of British political parties |author=David Boothroyd |publisher=[[Politico's]] |date=2001 |page=87}}</ref>
The English National Party (ENP) was founded as the '''John Hampden New Freedom Party''' in 1966 by [[Frank Hansford-Miller]]. "[[John Hampden]]" was a reference to a leading [[Roundhead|parliamentarian]] from the [[English Civil War]]. In 1974, it was renamed the "English Nationalist Party".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=kgSJAAAAMAAJ&dq=Politico%27s+Guide+to+the+History+of+British+Political+Parties&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Frank+Hansford-Miller |title=Politico's guide to the history of British political parties |author=David Boothroyd |publisher=[[Politico's]] |date=2001 |page=87}}</ref>


It achieved its greatest notability in April 1976 when it was joined by the [[Member of Parliament]] [[John Stonehouse]], who had formerly represented the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] and at the time was awaiting trial for [[fraud]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=8u7obxZ7MawC&lpg=PA197&pg=PA197#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Great Parliamentary Scandals |author1=Matthew Parris |author2=[[Kevin Maguire (journalist)|Kevin Maguire]] |publisher=[[Pavilion Books|Robson Bookes]] |page=197}}</ref> However, Stonehouse was convicted and left Parliament in August of that year,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2011/jan/11/criminal-mps-expelled-from-commons |title=Criminal MPs: the five expelled from the Commons in the past 100 years |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 January 2011}}</ref> and the party did not stand a candidate in the subsequent by-election.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314034528/http://by-elections.co.uk/76.html#walsall |title=1976 By Election Results |work=by-elections.co.uk |at=Walsall North}}</ref>
The party contested the [[United Kingdom general election, February 1974|first 1974 general election]] as the John Hampden New Freedom Party,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html |title=General Election Results 1885-1979 |work=election.demon.co.uk |at=General Election of 28th February 1974 (JHNFP)}}</ref> the [[United Kingdom general election, October 1974|second 1974]] and the [[United Kingdom general election, 1979|1979 general elections]] as the ENP.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html |title=General Election Results 1885-1979 |work=election.demon.co.uk |at=General Election of 10th October 1974 & General Election of 3rd May 1979 (ENP)}}</ref> Its best performance was in the second 1974 general election, where it fielded two candidates and secured 1,115 votes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html |title=General Election Results 1885-1979 |work=election.demon.co.uk |at=General Election of 10th October (ENP)}}</ref> It achieved its greatest notability in April 1976 when it was joined by the [[Member of Parliament]] [[John Stonehouse]], who had formerly represented the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] and at the time was awaiting trial for [[fraud]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=8u7obxZ7MawC&lpg=PA197&pg=PA197#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Great Parliamentary Scandals |author1=Matthew Parris |author2=[[Kevin Maguire (journalist)|Kevin Maguire]] |publisher=[[Pavilion Books|Robson Bookes]] |page=197}}</ref> However, Stonehouse was convicted and left Parliament in August of that year,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2011/jan/11/criminal-mps-expelled-from-commons |title=Criminal MPs: the five expelled from the Commons in the past 100 years |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 January 2011}}</ref> and the party did not stand a candidate in the subsequent by-election.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314034528/http://by-elections.co.uk/76.html#walsall |title=1976 By Election Results |work=by-elections.co.uk |at=Walsall North}}</ref> It was defunct by 1981;<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=eODYFUbjqIcC&pg=PA82#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Politipedia |author=Nick Inman |publisher=Harriman House Limited |date=2007 |page=82}}</ref> by this time, Hansford-Miller had left,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727065731/http://www.johnhampden.org/The%20Patriot/55.pdf |title=Dr Frank Hansford-Miller MSc PhD FRGS FSS |work=The Patriot |date=Summer 2008}}</ref> and he campaigned for the "Abolition of Rates Coalition" in the 1981 [[Greater London Council]] elections.<ref name=polgui88>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=kgSJAAAAMAAJ&dq=Politico%27s+Guide+to+the+History+of+British+Political+Parties&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Frank+Hansford-Miller |title=Politico's guide to the history of British political parties |author=David Boothroyd |publisher=[[Politico's]] |date=2001 |page=88}}</ref>

The party contested the first 1974 general election as the John Hampden New Freedom Party,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html |title=General Election Results 1885-1979 |work=election.demon.co.uk |at=General Election of 28th February 1974 (JHNFP)}}</ref> the second 1974 and 1979 general elections as the ENP.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html |title=General Election Results 1885-1979 |work=election.demon.co.uk |at=General Election of 10th October 1974 & General Election of 3rd May 1979 (ENP)}}</ref>, but was defunct by 1981.{{fact|date=July 2017}} By this time, Hansford-Miller had left,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727065731/http://www.johnhampden.org/The%20Patriot/55.pdf |title=Dr Frank Hansford-Miller MSc PhD FRGS FSS |work=The Patriot |date=Summer 2008}}</ref> and he campaigned for the "Abolition of Rates Coalition" in the 1981 [[Greater London Council]] elections.<ref name=polgui88>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=kgSJAAAAMAAJ&dq=Politico%27s+Guide+to+the+History+of+British+Political+Parties&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Frank+Hansford-Miller |title=Politico's guide to the history of British political parties |author=David Boothroyd |publisher=[[Politico's]] |date=2001 |page=88}}</ref> Hansford-Miller later settled in [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statsoc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/2002-Nov-newsletter101.pdf |title=An interview with Frank Hansford-Miller |work=Statistical Society of Australia Incorporated |date=November 2002}}</ref>


The party's best known policy was advocating a [[devolved English parliament]]. Other policies included calling for the abolition of [[income tax]], and an end to [[local authority housing]]. It was considered to be centre-right, and was not considered racist.<ref name=polgui88 />
The party's best known policy was advocating a [[devolved English parliament]]. Other policies included calling for the abolition of [[income tax]], and an end to [[local authority housing]]. It was considered to be centre-right, and was not considered racist.<ref name=polgui88 />


==Other parties by the name==
==Other parties by the name==
According to the far-right magazine ''[[Spearhead (magazine)|Spearhead]]'',<ref name=culfas>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=HIwGCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT69#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Cultures of Post-War British Fascism |editor1=Nigel Copsey |editor2=John E. Richardson |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=69}}</ref> a group called the English National Party was one of the the small far-right organisations that joined the [[National Front (UK)|National Front]] shortly after it was formed in 1967.<ref name=culfas /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=AeTpAwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA436&ots=wvEt0IPNzj&pg=PA189#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=A History of British Elections Since 1689 |author1=Chris Cook |author2=John Stevenson |publisher=Routledge |date=2014 |page=189}}</ref>
⚫
There have since been several parties which have adopted the "English National Party" name. These include a [[far right]] organisation formed by Raymond Shenton in 1984,{{fact|date=July 2017}} which contested the [[Enfield Southgate by-election, 1984|Enfield Southgate by-election]] in that year;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/by1983.html |title=RESULTS OF BYELECTIONS IN THE 1983-87 PARLIAMENT |work=United Kingdom Election Results |at=ENFIELD, ENFIELD SOUTHGATE [30]}}</ref> a party founded in around 1995 by Christopher Nickerson,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1998/1102/110298.intl.intl.2.html |title=Teatime and Robin Hood: English Identity Crisis |work=[[Christian Science Monitor]] |date=2 November 1998}}</ref> which aimed for England to secede from Britain and to support a sense of English national identity;<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/325861.stm |title=How English are you? |work=[[BBC News]] |date=22 April 1999}}</ref> and a party founded by [[Robin Tilbrook]] and James Alden in 1999 (later relaunched as the [[English Democrats]] in 2002), with the aim of securing a devolved English Parliament.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://englishdemocrats.party/our-party/party-history/ |title=Party History: The History of the English Democrats by Robin Tilbrook |work=[[English Democrats]] |date=2 September 2015}}</ref>

⚫
There have been several parties which have adopted the "English National Party" name. These include a [[far right]] organisation formed by Raymond Shenton which contested the [[Enfield Southgate by-election, 1984|1984 Enfield Southgate by-election]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/by1983.html |title=RESULTS OF BYELECTIONS IN THE 1983-87 PARLIAMENT |work=United Kingdom Election Results |at=ENFIELD, ENFIELD SOUTHGATE [30]}}</ref> a party founded in around 1995 by Christopher Nickerson,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1998/1102/110298.intl.intl.2.html |title=Teatime and Robin Hood: English Identity Crisis |work=[[Christian Science Monitor]] |date=2 November 1998}}</ref> which aimed for England to secede from Britain and to support a sense of English national identity;<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/325861.stm |title=How English are you? |work=[[BBC News]] |date=22 April 1999}}</ref> and a party founded by [[Robin Tilbrook]] and James Alden in 1999, with the aim of securing a devolved English Parliament,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://englishdemocrats.party/our-party/party-history/ |title=Party History: The History of the English Democrats by Robin Tilbrook |work=[[English Democrats]] |date=2 September 2015}}</ref> which was later renamed the English Democrats Party in 2002, and then just the English Democrats in 2004.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=QbkhAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22+english+national+party%22 ||title=Searchlight, Issues 367-378 |work=[[Searchlight (magazine)|Searchlight]] |date=2006}}</ref>


In April 1999, a group calling itself the "English National Party" was one of several different organizations which claimed responsibility for a nail-bomb attack in Brixton. <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/police-chiefs-reject-combat-18-threat-unlikely-1090261.html |title=Police chiefs reject Combat 18 threat unlikely |work=[[The Independent]] |date=29 April 1999}}</ref> [[David Copeland]], who admitted to carrying out the bombing, said that the claims of responsibility were by others "try to steal his glory."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/jul/01/uksecurity.sarahhall |title=Festering hate that turned quiet son into a murderer |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=1 July 2000}}</ref>
In April 1999, a group calling itself the "English National Party" was one of several different organizations which claimed responsibility for a nail-bomb attack in Brixton. <ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/police-chiefs-reject-combat-18-threat-unlikely-1090261.html |title=Police chiefs reject Combat 18 threat unlikely |work=[[The Independent]] |date=29 April 1999}}</ref> [[David Copeland]], who admitted to carrying out the bombing, said that the claims of responsibility were by others "try to steal his glory."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/jul/01/uksecurity.sarahhall |title=Festering hate that turned quiet son into a murderer |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=1 July 2000}}</ref>
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[[Category:English nationalism]]
[[Category:English nationalism]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in England]]
[[Category:Far-right politics in England]]


{{England-stub}}
{{UK-party-stub}}

Revision as of 10:22, 6 July 2017

For a later party which went by the same name, see English Democrats Party.

English National Party has been the name of various political parties of England, which have commonly called for a separate parliament for England.

The original ENP

The English National Party (ENP) was founded as the John Hampden New Freedom Party in 1966 by Frank Hansford-Miller. "John Hampden" was a reference to a leading parliamentarian from the English Civil War. In 1974, it was renamed the "English Nationalist Party".[1]

The party contested the first 1974 general election as the John Hampden New Freedom Party,[2] the second 1974 and the 1979 general elections as the ENP.[3] Its best performance was in the second 1974 general election, where it fielded two candidates and secured 1,115 votes.[4] It achieved its greatest notability in April 1976 when it was joined by the Member of Parliament John Stonehouse, who had formerly represented the Labour Party and at the time was awaiting trial for fraud.[5] However, Stonehouse was convicted and left Parliament in August of that year,[6] and the party did not stand a candidate in the subsequent by-election.[7] It was defunct by 1981;[8] by this time, Hansford-Miller had left,[9] and he campaigned for the "Abolition of Rates Coalition" in the 1981 Greater London Council elections.[10]

The party's best known policy was advocating a devolved English parliament. Other policies included calling for the abolition of income tax, and an end to local authority housing. It was considered to be centre-right, and was not considered racist.[10]

Other parties by the name

According to the far-right magazine Spearhead,[11] a group called the English National Party was one of the the small far-right organisations that joined the National Front shortly after it was formed in 1967.[11][12]

There have been several parties which have adopted the "English National Party" name. These include a far right organisation formed by Raymond Shenton which contested the 1984 Enfield Southgate by-election;[13] a party founded in around 1995 by Christopher Nickerson,[14] which aimed for England to secede from Britain and to support a sense of English national identity;[15] and a party founded by Robin Tilbrook and James Alden in 1999, with the aim of securing a devolved English Parliament,[16] which was later renamed the English Democrats Party in 2002, and then just the English Democrats in 2004.[17]

In April 1999, a group calling itself the "English National Party" was one of several different organizations which claimed responsibility for a nail-bomb attack in Brixton. [18] David Copeland, who admitted to carrying out the bombing, said that the claims of responsibility were by others "try to steal his glory."[19]

References

  1. ^ David Boothroyd (2001). Politico's guide to the history of British political parties. Politico's. p. 87.
  2. ^ "General Election Results 1885-1979". election.demon.co.uk. General Election of 28th February 1974 (JHNFP).
  3. ^ "General Election Results 1885-1979". election.demon.co.uk. General Election of 10th October 1974 & General Election of 3rd May 1979 (ENP).
  4. ^ "General Election Results 1885-1979". election.demon.co.uk. General Election of 10th October (ENP).
  5. ^ Matthew Parris; Kevin Maguire. Great Parliamentary Scandals. Robson Bookes. p. 197.
  6. ^ "Criminal MPs: the five expelled from the Commons in the past 100 years". The Guardian. 11 January 2011.
  7. ^ "1976 By Election Results". by-elections.co.uk. Walsall North.
  8. ^ Nick Inman (2007). Politipedia. Harriman House Limited. p. 82.
  9. ^ "Dr Frank Hansford-Miller MSc PhD FRGS FSS" (PDF). The Patriot. Summer 2008.
  10. ^ a b David Boothroyd (2001). Politico's guide to the history of British political parties. Politico's. p. 88.
  11. ^ a b Nigel Copsey; John E. Richardson (eds.). Cultures of Post-War British Fascism. Routledge. p. 69.
  12. ^ Chris Cook; John Stevenson (2014). A History of British Elections Since 1689. Routledge. p. 189.
  13. ^ "RESULTS OF BYELECTIONS IN THE 1983-87 PARLIAMENT". United Kingdom Election Results. ENFIELD, ENFIELD SOUTHGATE [30].
  14. ^ "Teatime and Robin Hood: English Identity Crisis". Christian Science Monitor. 2 November 1998.
  15. ^ "How English are you?". BBC News. 22 April 1999.
  16. ^ "Party History: The History of the English Democrats by Robin Tilbrook". English Democrats. 2 September 2015.
  17. ^ "Searchlight, Issues 367-378". Searchlight. 2006. {{cite magazine}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  18. ^ "Police chiefs reject Combat 18 threat unlikely". The Independent. 29 April 1999.
  19. ^ "Festering hate that turned quiet son into a murderer". The Guardian. 1 July 2000.
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