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| known_for = [[IceCube Neutrino Observatory]]
| known_for = [[IceCube Neutrino Observatory]]
| education = [[Université catholique de Louvain|University of Louvain]]
| education = [[Université catholique de Louvain|University of Louvain]]
| workplaces = [[University of Wisconsin-Madison]]
| workplaces = [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]
| field = [[Particle physics]], [[Neutrino|Neutrino physics]]
| field = [[Particle physics]], [[Neutrino|Neutrino physics]]
| title = Hilldale and Gregory Breit Distinguished Professor
| title = Hilldale and Gregory Breit Distinguished Professor
| website = https://icecube.wisc.edu/~halzen/
| website = https://icecube.wisc.edu/~halzen/
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| prizes = [[Bruno Pontecorvo Prize]] (2018)<ref name="dlnp.jinr.ru">http://dlnp.jinr.ru/en/175-slajdshou-na-glavnoj/647-bruno-pontecorvo-prize-2018-awards-to-professor-francis-halzen-university-of-wisconsin-madison-usa</ref><br/>[[Academia Europaea]] Member (2018)<br/>[[Balzan Prize|Balzan Price for Astroparticle Physics]] (2015)<br/>[[European Physical Society]] Prize for Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology (2015)<br/>[[Smithsonian (magazine)#Smithsonian American Ingenuity Awards|Smithsonian American Ingenuity Award]] (2014)<br/>[[Physics World]] Breakthrough of the Year Award (2013)<br/>[[American Physical Society]] Fellow (1995)
| prizes = [[Bruno Pontecorvo Prize]] (2018)<ref name="dlnp.jinr.ru">{{Cite web|url=https://dlnp.jinr.ru/en/175-slajdshou-na-glavnoj/647-bruno-pontecorvo-prize-2018-awards-to-professor-francis-halzen-university-of-wisconsin-madison-usa|title=Bruno Pontecorvo Prize 2018 awarded to Professor Francis Halzen (University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA)|website=dlnp.jinr.ru}}</ref><br />[[Academia Europaea]] Member (2018)<br />[[Balzan Prize|Balzan Price for Astroparticle Physics]] (2015)<br />[[European Physical Society]] Prize for Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology (2015)<br />[[Smithsonian (magazine)#Smithsonian American Ingenuity Awards|Smithsonian American Ingenuity Award]] (2014)<br />[[Physics World]] Breakthrough of the Year Award (2013)<br />[[American Physical Society]] Fellow (1995)
|doctoral_students = [[Dan Hooper]]
|doctoral_students = [[Dan Hooper]]
}}
}}


'''Francis Louis Halzen''' (born 23 March 1944 in [[Tienen]], [[Belgium]]) is a Belgian particle physicist. He is the Hilldale and Gregory Breit Distinguished Professor at the [[University of Wisconsin-Madison]] and Director of its Institute for Elementary Particle Physics. Halzen is the Principal Investigator of the [[IceCube Neutrino Observatory]] at the [[Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station]] in [[Antarctica]], the world's largest neutrino detector which has been operational since 2010.
'''Francis Louis Halzen''' (born 23 March 1944 in [[Tienen]], [[Belgium]]) is a Belgian particle physicist. He is the Hilldale and Gregory Breit Distinguished Professor at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] and Director of its Institute for Elementary Particle Physics. Halzen is the Principal Investigator of the [[IceCube Neutrino Observatory]] at the [[Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station]] in [[Antarctica]], the world's largest neutrino detector which has been operational since 2010.


== Background ==
== Background ==


Halzen was born and raised in Belgium. He graduated from the [[Université catholique de Louvain|University of Louvain]] (UCLouvain) with a MSc Physics degree in 1966, a PhD in 1969, then his [[Agrégation|Agrégé de l'Enseignement Supérieur]] in 1972. Between 1969-1971 he worked as a scientific associate at [[CERN]]. Since 1972 he has been a professor at the [[University of Wisconsin-Madison]] and the Principal Investigator on the [[Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array|AMANDA]] and IceCube projects.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://icecube.wisc.edu/~halzen/CV/HalzenCV-full-20200117.pdf|title=Francis Halzen Full CV|publisher=IceCube/University of Wisconsin|accessdate=19 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="AcademiaEuropeae2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Halzen_Francis|title=Academy of Europe: Halzen Francis|accessdate=19 February 2020|publisher=[[Academia Europaea]]}}</ref>
Halzen was born and raised in Belgium. He graduated from the [[Université catholique de Louvain|University of Louvain]] (UCLouvain) with a MSc Physics degree in 1966, a PhD in 1969, then his [[Agrégation|Agrégé de l'Enseignement Supérieur]] in 1972. Between 1969 and 1971 he worked as a scientific associate at [[CERN]]. Since 1972 he has been a professor at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] and the Principal Investigator on the [[Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array|AMANDA]] and IceCube projects.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://icecube.wisc.edu/~halzen/CV/HalzenCV-full-20200117.pdf|title=Francis Halzen Full CV|publisher=IceCube/University of Wisconsin|accessdate=19 February 2020}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="AcademiaEuropeae2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Halzen_Francis|title=Academy of Europe: Halzen Francis|accessdate=19 February 2020|publisher=[[Academia Europaea]]}}</ref>


Halzen has been a leading scientist in the development of [[cosmic ray]] physics and [[astroparticle physics]] since the 1970s. In addition to particle physics he published many early papers on cosmic ray anomalies and [[quark matter]], and on relations between particle physics and cosmic rays, on particles from supernovae and on muon production in atmospheric gamma-ray showers.<ref name="BalzanPrize2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/francis-halzen|title=2015 Balzan Prize for Astroparticle Physics including neutrino and gamma-ray observation|date=October 2015|accessdate=November 11, 2018|work=[[Balzan Prize|International Balzan Prize Foundation]]}}</ref> He has served on various advisory committees, including those for the [[Sudbury Neutrino Observatory|SNO]], Telescope Array and Auger-upgrade experiments, the [[Max Planck Society|Max Planck Institutes]] in Heidelberg and Munich, the [[Institute for Cosmic Ray Research|ICRR]] at the University of Tokyo, the US Particle Physics Prioritization Panel and the ApPEC particle astrophysics advisory panel in Europe.<ref name="BalzanBio2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/francis-halzen/bio-bibliography-halzen|title=Francis Halzen: Biographical and Bibliographical Information|date=October 2015|accessdate=19 February 2020|work=[[Balzan Prize|International Balzan Prize Foundation]]}}</ref>
Halzen has been a leading scientist in the development of [[cosmic ray]] physics and [[astroparticle physics]] since the 1970s. In addition to particle physics he published many early papers on cosmic ray anomalies and [[quark matter]], and on relations between particle physics and cosmic rays, on particles from supernovae and on muon production in atmospheric gamma-ray showers.<ref name="BalzanPrize2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/francis-halzen|title=2015 Balzan Prize for Astroparticle Physics including neutrino and gamma-ray observation|date=October 2015|accessdate=November 11, 2018|work=[[Balzan Prize|International Balzan Prize Foundation]]}}</ref> He has served on various advisory committees, including those for the [[Sudbury Neutrino Observatory|SNO]], Telescope Array and Auger-upgrade experiments, the [[Max Planck Society|Max Planck Institutes]] in Heidelberg and Munich, the [[Institute for Cosmic Ray Research|ICRR]] at the University of Tokyo, the US Particle Physics Prioritization Panel and the ApPEC particle astrophysics advisory panel in Europe.<ref name="BalzanBio2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/francis-halzen/bio-bibliography-halzen|title=Francis Halzen: Biographical and Bibliographical Information|date=October 2015|accessdate=19 February 2020|work=[[Balzan Prize|International Balzan Prize Foundation]]}}</ref>
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{{main|Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array}}
{{main|Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array}}


Halzen first learned about attempts by Russian scientists to detect neutrinos in Antarctica, using radio antennas at their Antarctic research station to search for electric sparks resulting from cosmic neutrinos colliding with the ice.<ref name="NeutrinoHunters">{{cite book|last=Jayawardhana|first=Ray|author-link=Ray Jayawardhana|date=10 December 2013|title=Neutrino Hunters: The Thrilling Chase for a Ghostly Particle to Unlock the Secrets of the Universe|url=https://archive.org/details/neutrinohunterst0000jaya|url-access=registration|publisher=[[Scientific American]]|isbn=0374220638}}</ref> After determining these interactions would be too weak to register, in 1987 he started working on the AMANDA project, which proposed burying an array of light sensors deep in the Antarctic ice which is clear, dark, stable, sterile and free of background light. This pilot experiment proved successful, however their results were marred by interference from cosmic rays as well as air bubbles in the ice. This convinced him that a much larger and deeper array would be needed, and in 2005 the AMANDA project became part of its successor project, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory.
Halzen first learned about attempts by Russian scientists to detect neutrinos in Antarctica, using radio antennas at their Antarctic research station to search for electric sparks resulting from cosmic neutrinos colliding with the ice.<ref name="NeutrinoHunters">{{cite book|last=Jayawardhana|first=Ray|author-link=Ray Jayawardhana|date=10 December 2013|title=Neutrino Hunters: The Thrilling Chase for a Ghostly Particle to Unlock the Secrets of the Universe|url=https://archive.org/details/neutrinohunterst0000jaya|url-access=registration|publisher=[[Scientific American]]|isbn=978-0374220631}}</ref> After determining these interactions would be too weak to register, in 1987 he started working on the AMANDA project, which proposed burying an array of light sensors deep in the Antarctic ice which is clear, dark, stable, sterile and free of background light. This pilot experiment proved successful, however their results were marred by interference from cosmic rays as well as air bubbles in the ice. This convinced him that a much larger and deeper array would be needed, and in 2005 the AMANDA project became part of its successor project, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory.


== IceCube ==
== IceCube ==
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Halzen argued for a much larger detector, and was able to secure funding from both European and American sources. In 2005 his team started construction of the IceCube project, designed to be 100 times bigger than AMANDA, with a total size of 1&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup> and buried up to a mile and a half deep. After six years of construction, IceCube became operational in 2010.
Halzen argued for a much larger detector, and was able to secure funding from both European and American sources. In 2005 his team started construction of the IceCube project, designed to be 100 times bigger than AMANDA, with a total size of 1&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup> and buried up to a mile and a half deep. After six years of construction, IceCube became operational in 2010.


The most important result from the IceCube was the clear break-through observation of high-energy neutrinos (about 100 times more energetic than the particles accelerated today in the world’s most powerful machine, the LHC at CERN) in 2013, from as yet not identified sources outside the Galaxy. This discovery has stimulated the planning and development of even larger neutrino telescopes, both at the South Pole and deep under the ocean.<ref name="BalzanPrize2015" />
The most important result from the IceCube was the clear break-through observation of high-energy neutrinos (about 100 times more energetic than the particles accelerated today in the world's most powerful machine, the LHC at CERN) in 2013, from as yet not identified sources outside the Galaxy. This discovery has stimulated the planning and development of even larger neutrino telescopes, both at the South Pole and deep under the ocean.<ref name="BalzanPrize2015" />


== Awards ==
== Awards ==
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* 1994: Fellow of the [[American Physical Society]]
* 1994: Fellow of the [[American Physical Society]]
* 2013: ''Breakthrough of the Year Award'' by the journal ''[[Physics World]]'' for the first-time discovery of cosmic neutrinos beyond the [[Milky Way]]<ref name=PhysicsWorld2013>{{cite web|url=https://physicsworld.com/a/cosmic-neutrinos-named-physics-world-2013-breakthrough-of-the-year/|title=Cosmic neutrinos named Physics World 2013 Breakthrough of the Year|date=December 13, 2013|accessdate=November 11, 2018|work=[[Physics World]]|author=Hamish Johnston}}</ref>
* 2013: ''Breakthrough of the Year Award'' by the journal ''[[Physics World]]'' for the first-time discovery of cosmic neutrinos beyond the [[Milky Way]]<ref name=PhysicsWorld2013>{{cite web|url=https://physicsworld.com/a/cosmic-neutrinos-named-physics-world-2013-breakthrough-of-the-year/|title=Cosmic neutrinos named Physics World 2013 Breakthrough of the Year|date=December 13, 2013|accessdate=November 11, 2018|work=[[Physics World]]|author=Hamish Johnston}}</ref>
* 2015: [[Balzan Prize]]<ref name="BalzanPrize2015"/>
* 2015: [[Balzan Prize]]<ref name=BalzanPrize2015>{{cite web|url=http://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/francis-halzen|title=2015 Balzan Prize for Astroparticle Physics including neutrino and gamma-ray observation|date=October 2015|accessdate=November 11, 2018|work=[[Balzan Prize|International Balzan Prize Foundation]]}}</ref>
* 2015: [[European Physical Society]] Prize for Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology<ref name=EPS2015>{{cite web|url=https://www.eps.org/blogpost/751263/213602/The-2015-EPS-HEPP-Prizes-are-announced|title=The 2015 EPS HEPP Prizes are announced|date=April 14, 2015|accessdate=November 11, 2018|work=[[European Physical Society]]}}</ref>
* 2015: [[European Physical Society]] Prize for Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology<ref name=EPS2015>{{cite web|url=https://www.eps.org/blogpost/751263/213602/The-2015-EPS-HEPP-Prizes-are-announced|title=The 2015 EPS HEPP Prizes are announced|date=April 14, 2015|accessdate=November 11, 2018|work=[[European Physical Society]]}}</ref>
* 2018: [[Bruno Pontecorvo Prize]] for significant contribution to the [[IceCube Neutrino Observatory|IceCube]] detector construction and experimental discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos.<ref name="dlnp.jinr.ru">http://dlnp.jinr.ru/en/175-slajdshou-na-glavnoj/647-bruno-pontecorvo-prize-2018-awards-to-professor-francis-halzen-university-of-wisconsin-madison-usa</ref>
* 2018: [[Bruno Pontecorvo Prize]] for significant contribution to the [[IceCube Neutrino Observatory|IceCube]] detector construction and experimental discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos.<ref name="dlnp.jinr.ru"/>
* 2024 Elected to [[National Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2024 |title=National Academy of Sciences Elects Members and International Members |url=https://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2024-nas-election.html |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Particle physicists]]
[[Category:Particle physicists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]]
[[Category:Members of Academia Europaea]]

Latest revision as of 02:21, 13 May 2024

Francis Halzen
Born23 March 1944
Tienen, Belgium
EducationUniversity of Louvain
Known forIceCube Neutrino Observatory
TitleHilldale and Gregory Breit Distinguished Professor
AwardsBruno Pontecorvo Prize (2018)[1]
Academia Europaea Member (2018)
Balzan Price for Astroparticle Physics (2015)
European Physical Society Prize for Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology (2015)
Smithsonian American Ingenuity Award (2014)
Physics World Breakthrough of the Year Award (2013)
American Physical Society Fellow (1995)
Scientific career
FieldsParticle physics, Neutrino physics
InstitutionsUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison
Doctoral studentsDan Hooper
Websitehttps://icecube.wisc.edu/~halzen/

Francis Louis Halzen (born 23 March 1944 in Tienen, Belgium) is a Belgian particle physicist. He is the Hilldale and Gregory Breit Distinguished Professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and Director of its Institute for Elementary Particle Physics. Halzen is the Principal Investigator of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica, the world's largest neutrino detector which has been operational since 2010.

Background

[edit]

Halzen was born and raised in Belgium. He graduated from the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) with a MSc Physics degree in 1966, a PhD in 1969, then his Agrégé de l'Enseignement Supérieur in 1972. Between 1969 and 1971 he worked as a scientific associate at CERN. Since 1972 he has been a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the Principal Investigator on the AMANDA and IceCube projects.[2][3]

Halzen has been a leading scientist in the development of cosmic ray physics and astroparticle physics since the 1970s. In addition to particle physics he published many early papers on cosmic ray anomalies and quark matter, and on relations between particle physics and cosmic rays, on particles from supernovae and on muon production in atmospheric gamma-ray showers.[4] He has served on various advisory committees, including those for the SNO, Telescope Array and Auger-upgrade experiments, the Max Planck Institutes in Heidelberg and Munich, the ICRR at the University of Tokyo, the US Particle Physics Prioritization Panel and the ApPEC particle astrophysics advisory panel in Europe.[5]

With Alan Martin he is the co-author of Quarks and Leptons, a standard text.[6]

AMANDA

[edit]
Main article: Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array

Halzen first learned about attempts by Russian scientists to detect neutrinos in Antarctica, using radio antennas at their Antarctic research station to search for electric sparks resulting from cosmic neutrinos colliding with the ice.[7] After determining these interactions would be too weak to register, in 1987 he started working on the AMANDA project, which proposed burying an array of light sensors deep in the Antarctic ice which is clear, dark, stable, sterile and free of background light. This pilot experiment proved successful, however their results were marred by interference from cosmic rays as well as air bubbles in the ice. This convinced him that a much larger and deeper array would be needed, and in 2005 the AMANDA project became part of its successor project, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory.

IceCube

[edit]
Main article: IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Halzen argued for a much larger detector, and was able to secure funding from both European and American sources. In 2005 his team started construction of the IceCube project, designed to be 100 times bigger than AMANDA, with a total size of 1 km3 and buried up to a mile and a half deep. After six years of construction, IceCube became operational in 2010.

The most important result from the IceCube was the clear break-through observation of high-energy neutrinos (about 100 times more energetic than the particles accelerated today in the world's most powerful machine, the LHC at CERN) in 2013, from as yet not identified sources outside the Galaxy. This discovery has stimulated the planning and development of even larger neutrino telescopes, both at the South Pole and deep under the ocean.[4]

Awards

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Bruno Pontecorvo Prize 2018 awarded to Professor Francis Halzen (University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA)". dlnp.jinr.ru.
  2. ^ "Francis Halzen Full CV" (PDF). IceCube/University of Wisconsin. Retrieved 19 February 2020.[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ "Academy of Europe: Halzen Francis". Academia Europaea. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  4. ^ a b c "2015 Balzan Prize for Astroparticle Physics including neutrino and gamma-ray observation". International Balzan Prize Foundation. October 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  5. ^ "Francis Halzen: Biographical and Bibliographical Information". International Balzan Prize Foundation. October 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  6. ^ "Alan Martin". Fellows Directory. Royal Society. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  7. ^ Jayawardhana, Ray (10 December 2013). Neutrino Hunters: The Thrilling Chase for a Ghostly Particle to Unlock the Secrets of the Universe. Scientific American. ISBN 978-0374220631.
  8. ^ Hamish Johnston (December 13, 2013). "Cosmic neutrinos named Physics World 2013 Breakthrough of the Year". Physics World. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  9. ^ "The 2015 EPS HEPP Prizes are announced". European Physical Society. April 14, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  10. ^ "National Academy of Sciences Elects Members and International Members". www.nasonline.org. 30 April 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
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