Family tree of Roman emperors: Difference between revisions
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== 27 BC–AD 192 == |
== 27 BC–AD 192 == |
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{{See also|Julio-Claudian family tree}} |
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The emperors from [[Augustus]] to [[Commodus]] can be organised into one large family tree. |
The emperors from [[Augustus]] to [[Commodus]] can be organised into one large family tree. |
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{{Tree chart/start |
{{Tree chart/start}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | |Aug| | | | | |Tno |
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | |Aug| | | | | |Tno |
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{{Tree chart|Pau|y|Juy| | | | | | | | | |Age|y|Ger| |Cla |
{{Tree chart|Pau|y|Juy| | | | | | | | | |Age|y|Ger| |Cla |
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|Pau=[[Lucius Aemilius Paullus (consul 1)|Lucius Aemilius Paullus]]<br/>d. |
|Pau=[[Lucius Aemilius Paullus (consul 1)|Lucius Aemilius Paullus]]<br/>{{Small|d.14}} |
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|Juy=[[Julia the Younger]]<br/>{{Small|19 BC–AD 28{{Sfn|Everitt|2007|pp=xxx, xxiii}}}} |
|Juy=[[Julia the Younger]]<br/>{{Small|19 BC–AD 28{{Sfn|Everitt|2007|pp=xxx, xxiii}}}} |
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|Age=[[Agrippina the Elder]]<br/>{{Small|14 BC–AD 33}} |
|Age=[[Agrippina the Elder]]<br/>{{Small|14 BC–AD 33}} |
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The emperors from [[Pertinax]] to the beginning of the [[Crisis of the Third Century|Crisis]] can be organised into one large dynasty (see [[Severan dynasty family tree]]), one smaller family and two unrelated emperors. |
The emperors from [[Pertinax]] to the beginning of the [[Crisis of the Third Century|Crisis]] can be organised into one large dynasty (see [[Severan dynasty family tree]]), one smaller family and two unrelated emperors. |
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{{ |
{{Tree chart/start}} |
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{{tree chart| Per | | Did |Per='''[[Pertinax]]'''<br>126-192-193 |Did='''[[Didius Julianus]]'''<br>133-193-193}} |
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{{ |
{{Tree chart|Per| |Did |
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|Per='''[[Pertinax]]'''<br/>{{Small|126–193<br/>'''r.192–193'''}} |
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{{tree chart| Sep |v| Dom | | | | Mae | | | | Mac |Sep='''[[Septimius Severus]]'''<br>145-193-211 |Mac='''[[Macrinus]]'''<br>165-217-218 |Dom=[[Julia Domna]]<br>160–217 |Mae=[[Julia Maesa]]<br>165–224| }} |
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|Did='''[[Didius Julianus]]'''<br/>{{Small|133–193<br/>'''r.193'''}} |
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{{tree chart| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!|}} |
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}} |
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{{tree chart| Car | | Get | | Soa | | Jam | | Dia |Car='''[[Caracalla]]'''<br>188-198-217 |Get='''[[Publius Septimius Geta|Geta]]'''<br>189-209-211 |Dia='''[[Diadumenian]]'''<br>r. 218 |Soa=[[Julia Soaemias]]<br>180–222 |Jam=[[Julia Avita Mamaea]]<br>180–235}} |
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{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!|}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|. |
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{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | Ela | | Als |Ela='''[[Elagabalus]]'''<br>203-218-222 |Als='''[[Alexander Severus]]'''<br>208-222-235}} |
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}} |
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{{tree chart/end}} |
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{{Tree chart|Sep|y|Dom| | | |Mae| | | |Mac |
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|Sep='''[[Septimius Severus]]'''<br/>{{Small|145–211<br/>'''r.193–211'''}} |
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|Mac='''[[Macrinus]]'''<br/>{{Small|165–218<br/>'''r.217–218'''}} |
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|Dom=[[Julia Domna]]<br/>{{Small|160–217}} |
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|Mae=[[Julia Maesa]]<br/>{{Small|165–224}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |! |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart|Car| |Get| |Soa| |Jam| |Dia |
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|Car='''[[Caracalla]]'''<br/>{{Small|188–217<br/>'''r.198–217'''}} |
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|Get='''[[Publius Septimius Geta|Geta]]'''<br/>{{Small|189–211<br/>'''r.209–211'''}} |
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|Dia='''[[Diadumenian]]'''<br/>{{Small|d.218<br/>'''r.218'''}} |
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|Soa=[[Julia Soaemias]]<br/>{{Small|180–222}} |
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|Jam=[[Julia Avita Mamaea]]<br/>{{Small|180–235}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | |!| | | |! |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | |Ela| |Als |
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|Ela='''[[Elagabalus]]'''<br/>{{Small|203–222<br/>'''r.218–222'''}} |
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|Als='''[[Alexander Severus]]'''<br/>{{Small|208–235<br/>'''r.222–235'''}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart/end}} |
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==235–284, [[Crisis of the Third Century|Crisis of the 3rd Century]]== |
==235–284, [[Crisis of the Third Century|Crisis of the 3rd Century]]== |
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The emperors during the fifty-year period of the Crisis can be organised into seven families and seven unrelated emperors, although no family held power for more than fifteen years. |
The emperors during the fifty-year period of the Crisis can be organised into seven families and seven unrelated emperors, although no family held power for more than fifteen years. |
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{{ |
{{Tree chart/start}} |
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{{tree chart| Max | | Gr1 | | Pup | | Bal |Max='''[[Maximinus Thrax]]'''<br>173-235-238 |Gr1='''[[Gordian I]]'''<br>159-238-238 |Pup='''[[Pupienus]]'''<br>178-238-238 |Bal='''[[Balbinus]]'''<br>165-238-238}} |
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{{ |
{{Tree chart|Max| |Gr1| |Pup| |Bal |
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|Max='''[[Maximinus Thrax]]'''<br/>{{Small|173–238<br/>'''r.235–238'''}} |
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{{tree chart| | | Gr2 | | Ant | | | | Pta | | | | Dec | | | | Tre |Gr2='''[[Gordian II]]'''<br>192-238-238 |Ant=[[Antonia Gordiana]]<br>b. 201 |Pta='''[[Philip the Arab]]'''<br>204-244-249 |Dec='''[[Decius]]'''<br>201-249-251 |Tre='''[[Trebonianus Gallus]]'''<br>206-251-253}} |
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|Gr1='''[[Gordian I]]'''<br/>{{Small|159–238<br/>'''r.238–238'''}} |
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{{tree chart| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!|}} |
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|Pup='''[[Pupienus]]'''<br/>{{Small|178–238<br/>'''r.238–238'''}} |
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{{tree chart| Aem | | | | Gr3 | | Val | | | | Her | | Hos | | Vol |Gr3='''[[Gordian III]]'''<br>225-238-244 |Her='''[[Herennius Etruscus]]'''<br>227-251-251 |Hos='''[[Hostilian]]'''<br>230-251-251 |Vol='''[[Volusianus]]'''<br>r. 251–253 |Aem='''[[Aemilianus]]'''<br>210-253-253 |Val='''[[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]]'''<br>200-253-260 }} |
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|Bal='''[[Balbinus]]'''<br/>{{Small|165–238<br/>'''r.238–238'''}} |
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{{tree chart| |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.|}} |
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}} |
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{{tree chart| Clg | | Qui | | | | Gal | | | | Aur | | Tac | | Flo |Gal='''[[Gallienus]]'''<br>218-253-268 |Clg='''[[Claudius Gothicus]]'''<br>213-268-270 |Qui='''[[Quintillus]]'''<br>220-270-270 |Aur='''[[Aurelian]]'''<br>214-270-275 |Flo='''[[Florianus]]'''<br>r. 276 |Tac='''[[Marcus Claudius Tacitus|Tacitus]]'''<br>200-275-276}} |
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{{tree chart| |}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | |,|-|^|-|. |
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{{tree chart| Pro | | Car |Pro='''[[Marcus Aurelius Probus|Probus]]'''<br>232-276-282 |Car='''[[Carus]]'''<br>230-282-283}} |
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}} |
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{{tree chart| | | |,|-|^|-|.|}} |
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{{tree chart| | | Cai | | Num |Cai='''[[Carinus]]'''<br>r. 283–285 |Num='''[[Numerian]]'''<br>r. 283–284}} |
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{{Tree chart| | |Gr2| |Ant| | | |Pta| | | |Dec| | | |Tre |
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{{tree chart/end}} |
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|Gr2='''[[Gordian II]]'''<br/>{{Small|192–238<br/>'''r.238–238'''}} |
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|Ant=[[Antonia Gordiana]]<br/>{{Small|b. 201}} |
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|Pta='''[[Philip the Arab]]'''<br/>{{Small|204–249<br/>'''r.244–249'''}} |
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|Dec='''[[Decius]]'''<br/>{{Small|201–251<br/>'''r.249–251'''}} |
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|Tre='''[[Trebonianus Gallus]]'''<br/>{{Small|206–253<br/>'''r.251–253'''}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |! |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart|Aem| | | |Gr3| |Val| | | |Her| |Hos| |Vol |
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|Gr3='''[[Gordian III]]'''<br/>{{Small|225–244<br/>'''r.238–244'''}} |
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|Her='''[[Herennius Etruscus]]'''<br/>{{Small|227–251<br/>'''r.251–251'''}} |
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|Hos='''[[Hostilian]]'''<br/>{{Small|230–251<br/>'''r.251–251'''}} |
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|Vol='''[[Volusianus]]'''<br/>{{Small|d.253<br/>'''r.251–253'''}} |
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|Aem='''[[Aemilianus]]'''<br/>{{Small|210–253<br/>'''r.253–253'''}} |
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|Val='''[[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]]'''<br/>{{Small|200–260<br/>'''r.253–260'''}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|. |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart|Clg| |Qui| | | |Gal| | | |Aur| |Tac| |Flo |
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|Gal='''[[Gallienus]]'''<br/>{{Small|218–268<br/>'''r.253–268'''}} |
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|Clg='''[[Claudius Gothicus]]'''<br/>{{Small|213–270<br/>'''r.268–270'''}} |
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|Qui='''[[Quintillus]]'''<br/>{{Small|220–270<br/>'''r.270–270'''}} |
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|Aur='''[[Aurelian]]'''<br/>{{Small|214–275<br/>'''r.270–275'''}} |
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|Flo='''[[Florianus]]'''<br/>{{Small|d.276<br/>'''r.276'''}} |
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|Tac='''[[Marcus Claudius Tacitus|Tacitus]]'''<br/>{{Small|200–276<br/>'''r.275–276'''}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart|Pro| |Car |
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|Pro='''[[Marcus Aurelius Probus|Probus]]'''<br/>{{Small|232–282<br/>'''r.276–282'''}} |
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|Car='''[[Carus]]'''<br/>{{Small|230–283<br/>'''r.282–283'''}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | |,|-|^|-|. |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| | |Cai| |Num |
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|Cai='''[[Carinus]]'''<br/>{{Small|d.285<br/>'''r.283–285'''}} |
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|Num='''[[Numerian]]'''<br/>{{Small|d.284<br/>'''r.283–284'''}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart/end}} |
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==284–518== |
==284–518== |
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The emperors from the founding of the [[Dominate]] in 284, in the [[Western Roman Empire|West]] until 476 and in the [[Eastern Roman Empire|East]] until 518, can be organised into one large dynasty plus ten unrelated emperors. |
The emperors from the founding of the [[Dominate]] in 284, in the [[Western Roman Empire|West]] until 476 and in the [[Eastern Roman Empire|East]] until 518, can be organised into one large dynasty plus ten unrelated emperors. |
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{{ |
{{Tree chart/start}} |
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{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dio |Dio='''[[Diocletian]]'''<br>244-284-305-311}} |
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{{ |
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Dio |
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|Dio='''[[Diocletian]]'''<br/>{{Small|c.244–311<br/>'''r.284–305'''}} |
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{{tree chart| | | | | Sev | | | | Han |v| Eut |v| Max | | Var |-| Gal |v| unk | | uns |Var=[[Galeria Valeria|Valeria]] |Gal='''[[Galerius]]'''<br>260-305-311 |unk=unknown wife |Max='''[[Maximian]]'''<br>250–310<br>r. 286–305, 306–8 |Eut=[[Eutropia]]<br>d. 325 |Han=Afranius Hannibalianus |uns=unknown sister |Sev='''[[Flavius Valerius Severus|Severus]]'''<br>r. 306–307}} |
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}} |
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{{tree chart| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!|}} |
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{{tree chart| | | | | | | The |v| Chl |v| Hel |!| | | Mae |-|-|-|-|-| Vam | | | | Mad |Vam=[[Valeria Maximilla]] |The=[[Flavia Maximiana Theodora|Theodora]] |Mae='''[[Maxentius]]'''<br>278-306-312 |Chl='''[[Constantius Chlorus]]'''<br>250-305-306 |Hel=[[Helena of Constantinople]]<br>250–330 |Mad='''[[Maximinus II|Maximinus]]'''<br>270-311-313}} |
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{{ |
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|. |
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}} |
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{{tree chart| Jul | | Lic |-| Cia | | Co1 |v| Fau | | | | Val | | Mar |Cia=[[Flavia Julia Constantia|Constantia]]<br>293–330 |Lic='''[[Licinius]]'''<br>250-308-324-325 |Co1='''[[Constantine I]]'''<br>272-313-337 |Val='''[[Valerius Valens]]'''<br>r. 316–317 |Mar='''[[Martinian (Sextus Martinianus)|Martinian]]'''<br>r. 324 |Fau=[[Fausta]]<br>289–326 |Jul=[[Julius Constantius]]<br>d. 337}} |
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{{tree chart| |!| | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | | |Sev| | | |Han|y|Eut|y|Max| |Var|~|Gal|y| unk | | uns |
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{{tree chart| Jua |-|-|-| Hea | | Co2 | | Cs2 | | Cst | | Mar |v| Va1 |v| Jus | | Vas |Co2='''[[Constantine II (emperor)|Constantine II]]'''<br>316-337-340 |Cst='''[[Constans]]'''<br>320-337-350 |Cs2='''[[Constantius II]]'''<br>317-337-361 |Hea=[[Helena, wife of Julian|Helena]]<br>d. 360 |Jua='''[[Julian the Apostate|Julian]]'''<br>331-360-363 |Va1='''[[Valentinian I]]'''<br>321-364-375 |Mar=[[Marina Severa]]<br>d. 375 |Jus=[[Justina (empress)|Justina]]<br>d. 388 |Vas='''[[Valens]]'''<br>328-364-378}} |
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|Var=[[Galeria Valeria|Valeria]] |
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{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | |`|-|v|-|-|-|.|}} |
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|Gal='''[[Galerius]]'''<br/>{{Small|260–311<br/>'''r.305–311'''}} |
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{{tree chart| Jov | | | | | | | | | | | | Fmc |-| Gra | | Ael |v| Th1 |v| Gal | | Va2 |Fmc=[[Flavia Maxima Constantia|Constantia]]<br>361–383 |Gra='''[[Gratian]]'''<br>359-367-383 |Va2='''[[Valentinian II]]'''<br>371-375-392 |Gal=[[Galla (wife of Theodosius I)|Galla]]<br>d. 394 |Th1='''[[Theodosius I]]'''<br>347-379-395 |Jov='''[[Jovian (Emperor)|Jovian]]'''<br>331-363-364 |Ael=[[Aelia Flaccilla]]<br>d. 385}} |
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|unk=unknown wife |
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{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |!|}} |
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|Max='''[[Maximian]]'''<br/>{{Small|250–310<br/>'''r.286–305, 306–308'''}} |
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{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | Joa | | | | | | | | Hon | | Arc | | Gap |v| Cs3 |Gap=[[Galla Placidia]]<br>392–450 |Arc='''[[Arcadius]]'''<br>377-383-408 |Hon='''[[Honorius (emperor)|Honorius]]'''<br>384-393-423 |Cs3='''{{nowrap|[[Constantius III]]}}'''<br>r. 421 |Joa='''[[Joannes|John]]'''<br>r. 423–424}} |
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|Eut=[[Eutropia]]<br/>{{Small|d.325}} |
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{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | |!|}} |
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|Han=Afranius Hannibalianus |
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{{tree chart| Avi | | Maj | | Lib | | unk |v| Mrc |-| Pul | | Th2 | | | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|.| |Th2='''{{nowrap|[[Theodosius II]]}}'''<br>401-408-450 |Pul=[[Pulcheria]]<br>399–453 |Mrc='''[[Marcian]]'''<br>396-450-457 |Avi='''[[Avitus]]'''<br>385-455-456 |unk=''unknown wife'' |Maj='''[[Majorian]]'''<br>420-457-461 |Lib='''[[Libius Severus]]'''<br>r. 461–465 }} |
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|uns=unknown sister |
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{{tree chart| |,|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|.| |`|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |!|}} |
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|Sev='''[[Flavius Valerius Severus|Severus]]'''<br/>{{Small|d.307<br/>'''r.306–307'''}} |
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{{tree chart| unk | | Le1 |v| Ael | | Bas | | | | | | Mre |v| Ant | | Pet |-| Lie |v| Va3 |Lie=[[Licinia Eudoxia]]<br>422–462 |Va3='''[[Valentinian III]]'''<br>419-425-455 |Pet='''[[Petronius Maximus]]'''<br>396-455-455 |Mre=[[Marcia Euphemia]] |Le1='''[[Leo I the Thracian|Leo I]]'''<br>401-457-474 |Ael=[[Verina]]<br>d. 484 |Bas='''[[Basiliscus]]'''<br><small>d. 477<br>'''r. 475-76'''</small> |Ant='''[[Anthemius]]'''<br>420-467-472 |unk=''unknown brother''}} |
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}} |
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{{tree chart| |!| | | | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |`|-|.| | | | | | | | | |!|}} |
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{{tree chart| unn |-| Nep | | Zen |v| Ari |-| Ana | | Len |-| Mru | | | | Oly |-| Plc |Mru=[[Marcian (usurper)|Marcian]] |Len=[[Leontia Porphyrogenita|Leontia]] |Ari=[[Ariadne (empress)|Ariadne]]<br>450–515 |Zen='''[[Zeno (emperor)|Zeno]]'''<br><small>425–491<br>'''r. 474–475, 476–491'''</small> |Ana='''[[Anastasius I (emperor)|Anastasius I]]'''<br>430-491-518 |Oly='''[[Olybrius]]'''<br>430-472-472 |Plc=[[Placidia]] |Nep='''[[Julius Nepos]]'''<br>430-474-480 |unn=[[Julius Nepos's wife|unnamed niece of Leo I]]}} |
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{{ |
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |! |
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}} |
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{{tree chart| Rom | | | | | | | | Le2 | | Gly |Le2='''[[Leo II (emperor)|Leo II]]'''<br>467-474-474 |Gly='''[[Glycerius]]'''<br>420-473-474-480 |Rom='''[[Romulus Augustus]]'''<br>462-475-476}} |
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{{tree chart/end}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | | | | |The|y|Chl|y|Hel|!| | |Mae|~|~|~|~|~|Vam| | | |Mad |
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|Vam=[[Valeria Maximilla]] |
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|The=[[Flavia Maximiana Theodora|Theodora]] |
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|Mae='''[[Maxentius]]'''<br/>{{Small|278–312<br/>'''r.306–312'''}} |
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|Chl='''[[Constantius Chlorus]]'''<br/>{{Small|250–306<br/>'''r.305–306'''}} |
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|Hel=[[Helena of Constantinople]]<br/>{{Small|250–330}} |
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|Mad='''[[Maximinus II|Maximinus]]'''<br/>{{Small|270–313<br/>'''r.311–313'''}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|(| | | |!| | | |! |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart|Jul| |Lic|~|Cia| |Co1|y|Fau| | | |Val| |Mar |
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|Cia=[[Flavia Julia Constantia|Constantia]]<br/>{{Small|293–330}} |
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|Lic='''[[Licinius]]'''<br/>{{Small|c.265–325<br/>'''r.308–324'''}} |
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|Co1='''[[Constantine I]]'''<br/>{{Small|272–337<br/>'''r.313–337'''}} |
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|Val='''[[Valerius Valens]]'''<br/>{{Small|d.317<br/>'''r.316–317'''}} |
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|Mar='''[[Martinian (Sextus Martinianus)|Martinian]]'''<br/>{{Small|d.324<br/>'''r.324'''}} |
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|Fau=[[Fausta]]<br/>{{Small|289–326}} |
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|Jul=[[Julius Constantius]]<br/>{{Small|d.337}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| |!| | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|. |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart|Jua|~|~|~|Hea| |Co2| |Cs2| |Cst| |Mar|y|Va1|y|Jus| |Vas |
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|Co2='''[[Constantine II (emperor)|Constantine II]]'''<br/>{{Small|316–340<br/>'''r.337–340'''}} |
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|Cst='''[[Constans]]'''<br/>{{Small|320–350<br/>'''r.337–350'''}} |
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|Cs2='''[[Constantius II]]'''<br/>{{Small|317–361<br/>'''r.337–361'''}} |
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|Hea=[[Helena, wife of Julian|Helena]]<br/>{{Small|d.360}} |
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|Jua='''[[Julian the Apostate|Julian]]'''<br/>{{Small|331–363<br/>'''r.360–363'''}} |
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|Va1='''[[Valentinian I]]'''<br/>{{Small|321–375<br/>'''r.364–375'''}} |
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|Mar=[[Marina Severa]]<br/>{{Small|d.375}} |
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|Jus=[[Justina (empress)|Justina]]<br/>{{Small|d.388}} |
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|Vas='''[[Valens]]'''<br/>{{Small|328–378<br/>'''r.364–378'''}}}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | |`|-|v|-|-|-|. |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart|Jov| | | | | | | | | | | |Fmc|~|Gra| |Ael|y|Th1|y|Gal| |Va2 |
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|Fmc=[[Flavia Maxima Constantia|Constantia]]<br/>{{Small|361–383}} |
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|Gra='''[[Gratian]]'''<br/>{{Small|359–383<br/>'''r.367–383'''}} |
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|Va2='''[[Valentinian II]]'''<br/>{{Small|371–392<br/>'''r.375–392'''}} |
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|Gal=[[Galla (wife of Theodosius I)|Galla]]<br/>{{Small|d.394}} |
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|Th1='''[[Theodosius I]]'''<br/>{{Small|347–395<br/>'''r.379–395'''}} |
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|Jov='''[[Jovian (Emperor)|Jovian]]'''<br/>{{Small|331–364<br/>'''r.363–364'''}} |
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|Ael=[[Aelia Flaccilla]]<br/>{{Small|d.385}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |! |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | |Joa| | | | | | | |Hon| |Arc| |Gap|y|Cs3 |
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|Gap=[[Galla Placidia]]<br/>{{Small|392–450}} |
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|Arc='''[[Arcadius]]'''<br/>{{Small|377–408<br/>'''r.383–408'''}} |
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|Hon='''[[Honorius (emperor)|Honorius]]'''<br/>{{Small|384–423<br/>'''r.393–423'''}} |
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|Cs3='''{{Nowrap|[[Constantius III]]}}'''<br/>{{Small|d.421<br/>'''r.421'''}} |
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|Joa='''[[Joannes|John]]'''<br/>{{Small|d.424<br/>'''r.423–424'''}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | |! |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart|Avi| |Maj| |Lib| | unk |v|Mrc|~|Pul| |Th2| | | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|. |
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|Th2='''{{Nowrap|[[Theodosius II]]}}'''<br/>{{Small|401–450<br/>'''r.408–450'''}} |
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|Pul=[[Pulcheria]]<br/>{{Small|399–453}} |
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|Mrc='''[[Marcian]]'''<br/>{{Small|396–457<br/>'''r.450–457'''}} |
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|Avi='''[[Avitus]]'''<br/>{{Small|385–456<br/>'''r.455–456'''}} |
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|unk=''unknown wife'' |
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|Maj='''[[Majorian]]'''<br/>{{Small|420–461<br/>'''r.457–461'''}} |
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|Lib='''[[Libius Severus]]'''<br/>{{Small|d.465<br/>'''r.461–465'''}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| |,|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|.| |`|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |! |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| unk | |Le1|y|Ael| |Bas| | | | | |Mre|y|Ant| |Pet|~|Lie|y|Va3 |
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|Lie=[[Licinia Eudoxia]]<br/>{{Small|422–462}} |
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|Va3='''[[Valentinian III]]'''<br/>{{Small|419–455<br/>'''r.425–455'''}} |
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|Pet='''[[Petronius Maximus]]'''<br/>{{Small|396–455<br/>'''r.455'''}} |
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|Mre=[[Marcia Euphemia]] |
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|Le1='''[[Leo I the Thracian|Leo I]]'''<br/>{{Small|401–474<br/>'''r.457–474'''}} |
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|Ael=[[Verina]]<br/>{{Small|d.484}} |
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|Bas='''[[Basiliscus]]'''<br/>{{Small|d.477<br/>'''r.475–476'''}} |
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|Ant='''[[Anthemius]]'''<br/>{{Small|420–472<br/>'''r.467–472'''}} |
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|unk=''unknown brother'' |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| |!| | | | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| |`|-|.| | | | | | | | | |! |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| unn |-|Nep| |Zen|y|Ari|~|Ana| |Len|~|Mru| | | |Oly|~|Plc |
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|Mru=[[Marcian (usurper)|Marcian]] |
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|Len=[[Leontia Porphyrogenita|Leontia]] |
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|Ari=[[Ariadne (empress)|Ariadne]]<br/>{{Small|450–515}} |
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|Zen='''[[Zeno (emperor)|Zeno]]'''<br/>{{Small|425–491<br/>'''r.474–475, 476–491'''}} |
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|Ana='''[[Anastasius I (emperor)|Anastasius I]]'''<br/>{{Small|430–518<br/>'''r.491–518'''}} |
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|Oly='''[[Olybrius]]'''<br/>{{Small|430–472<br/>'''r.472–472'''}} |
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|Plc=[[Placidia]] |
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|Nep='''[[Julius Nepos]]'''<br/>{{Small|430–480<br/>'''r.474–480'''}} |
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|unn=[[Julius Nepos's wife|unnamed niece of Leo I]] |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | |! |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart|Rom| | | | | | | |Le2| |Gly |
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|Le2='''[[Leo II (emperor)|Leo II]]'''<br/>{{Small|467–474<br/>'''r.474–474'''}} |
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|Gly='''[[Glycerius]]'''<br/>{{Small|d.480<br/>'''r.473–474'''}} |
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|Rom='''[[Romulus Augustus]]'''<br/>{{Small|462–476<br/>'''r.475–476'''}} |
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}} |
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{{Tree chart/end}} |
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==518–1453== |
==518–1453== |
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{{ |
{{Further|Family tree of the Byzantine emperors}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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===Sources=== |
===Sources=== |
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* {{ |
* {{Cite book|title=Augustus: the life of Rome's first emperor|last=Everitt|first=Anthony|year=2007|location=New York|publisher=Random House Trade Paperbacks|isbn=9780812970586}} |
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{{Family trees}} |
{{Family trees}} |
Revision as of 15:56, 16 September 2021
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2019) |
This is a family tree of the Roman Emperors, showing only the relationships between the emperors.
27 BC–AD 192
The emperors from Augustus to Commodus can be organised into one large family tree.
192–235
The emperors from Pertinax to the beginning of the Crisis can be organised into one large dynasty (see Severan dynasty family tree), one smaller family and two unrelated emperors.
Pertinax 126–193 r.192–193 | Didius Julianus 133–193 r.193 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Septimius Severus 145–211 r.193–211 | Julia Domna 160–217 | Julia Maesa 165–224 | Macrinus 165–218 r.217–218 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Caracalla 188–217 r.198–217 | Geta 189–211 r.209–211 | Julia Soaemias 180–222 | Julia Avita Mamaea 180–235 | Diadumenian d.218 r.218 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elagabalus 203–222 r.218–222 | Alexander Severus 208–235 r.222–235 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
235–284, Crisis of the 3rd Century
The emperors during the fifty-year period of the Crisis can be organised into seven families and seven unrelated emperors, although no family held power for more than fifteen years.
Maximinus Thrax 173–238 r.235–238 | Gordian I 159–238 r.238–238 | Pupienus 178–238 r.238–238 | Balbinus 165–238 r.238–238 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gordian II 192–238 r.238–238 | Antonia Gordiana b. 201 | Philip the Arab 204–249 r.244–249 | Decius 201–251 r.249–251 | Trebonianus Gallus 206–253 r.251–253 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aemilianus 210–253 r.253–253 | Gordian III 225–244 r.238–244 | Valerian 200–260 r.253–260 | Herennius Etruscus 227–251 r.251–251 | Hostilian 230–251 r.251–251 | Volusianus d.253 r.251–253 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Claudius Gothicus 213–270 r.268–270 | Quintillus 220–270 r.270–270 | Gallienus 218–268 r.253–268 | Aurelian 214–275 r.270–275 | Tacitus 200–276 r.275–276 | Florianus d.276 r.276 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Probus 232–282 r.276–282 | Carus 230–283 r.282–283 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carinus d.285 r.283–285 | Numerian d.284 r.283–284 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
284–518
The emperors from the founding of the Dominate in 284, in the West until 476 and in the East until 518, can be organised into one large dynasty plus ten unrelated emperors.
Diocletian c.244–311 r.284–305 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Severus d.307 r.306–307 | Afranius Hannibalianus | Eutropia d.325 | Maximian 250–310 r.286–305, 306–308 | Valeria | Galerius 260–311 r.305–311 | unknown wife | unknown sister | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Theodora | Constantius Chlorus 250–306 r.305–306 | Helena of Constantinople 250–330 | Maxentius 278–312 r.306–312 | Valeria Maximilla | Maximinus 270–313 r.311–313 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Julius Constantius d.337 | Licinius c.265–325 r.308–324 | Constantia 293–330 | Constantine I 272–337 r.313–337 | Fausta 289–326 | Valerius Valens d.317 r.316–317 | Martinian d.324 r.324 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Julian 331–363 r.360–363 | Helena d.360 | Constantine II 316–340 r.337–340 | Constantius II 317–361 r.337–361 | Constans 320–350 r.337–350 | Marina Severa d.375 | Valentinian I 321–375 r.364–375 | Justina d.388 | Valens 328–378 r.364–378 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jovian 331–364 r.363–364 | Constantia 361–383 | Gratian 359–383 r.367–383 | Aelia Flaccilla d.385 | Theodosius I 347–395 r.379–395 | Galla d.394 | Valentinian II 371–392 r.375–392 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
John d.424 r.423–424 | Honorius 384–423 r.393–423 | Arcadius 377–408 r.383–408 | Galla Placidia 392–450 | Constantius III d.421 r.421 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Avitus 385–456 r.455–456 | Majorian 420–461 r.457–461 | Libius Severus d.465 r.461–465 | unknown wife | Marcian 396–457 r.450–457 | Pulcheria 399–453 | Theodosius II 401–450 r.408–450 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
unknown brother | Leo I 401–474 r.457–474 | Verina d.484 | Basiliscus d.477 r.475–476 | Marcia Euphemia | Anthemius 420–472 r.467–472 | Petronius Maximus 396–455 r.455 | Licinia Eudoxia 422–462 | Valentinian III 419–455 r.425–455 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
unnamed niece of Leo I | Julius Nepos 430–480 r.474–480 | Zeno 425–491 r.474–475, 476–491 | Ariadne 450–515 | Anastasius I 430–518 r.491–518 | Leontia | Marcian | Olybrius 430–472 r.472–472 | Placidia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Romulus Augustus 462–476 r.475–476 | Leo II 467–474 r.474–474 | Glycerius d.480 r.473–474 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
518–1453
References
Citations
- ^ Everitt 2007, pp. 9, 208, 313.
- ^ Everitt 2007, p. 125.
- ^ Everitt 2007, pp. xvi, xxi.
- ^ a b Everitt 2007, pp. xviii, xxiii.
- ^ Everitt 2007, pp. xviii, xxi.
- ^ Everitt 2007, pp. xxx, xxiii.
- ^ a b Everitt 2007, pp. xxi, xxiii.
Sources
- Everitt, Anthony (2007). Augustus: the life of Rome's first emperor. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 9780812970586.