Andrew Jackson Houston: Difference between revisions
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|party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]<br/>[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]<br/>[[Prohibition Party|Prohibition]] |
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'''Andrew Jackson Houston''' (June 21, 1854{{spaced ndash}}June 26, 1941) was an American [[politician]]. He was a son of the famous [[Texas]] |
'''Andrew Jackson Houston''' (June 21, 1854{{spaced ndash}}June 26, 1941) was an American [[politician]]. He was a son of the famous [[Texas]] founder and statesman [[Sam Houston]] and his wife [[Margaret Lea Houston]], and was named for his father's mentor [[Andrew Jackson]]. He served briefly as a [[United States senator]] in 1941, appointed to temporarily fill the vacancy left by the death of longtime Senator [[Morris Sheppard]]. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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==Career== |
==Career== |
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[[Image:Senator Andrew Jackson Houston circa 1908.jpg|thumb|left|Houston {{circa}} |
[[Image:Senator Andrew Jackson Houston circa 1908.jpg|thumb|left|Houston {{circa}} 1910]] |
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Houston had a varied career, including serving as clerk of the federal court in [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]], a [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]] in the [[Texas National Guard]] and [[United States Marshal]] for the eastern district of Texas.<ref>U.S. Government Printing Office, [https://books.google.com/books?id=vC0XAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22andrew+j+houston%22+court+clerk&pg=PA439 ''Official Register of the United States''], Volume 1, 1879, page 439</ref><ref>United States War Department, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HKxM76bCj1YC&dq=%22a+j+houston%22+colonel&pg=PA235 ''Annual Report''], Volume 5, 1892, page 235</ref><ref>U.S. Government Printing Office, [https://books.google.com/books?id=iOg3AQAAIAAJ&dq=%22a+j+houston%22+marshal&pg=PA90 ''United States Congressional Serial Set''], Issue 4773, 1905, page 90</ref> |
Houston had a varied career, including serving as clerk of the federal court in [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]], a [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]] in the [[Texas National Guard]] and [[United States Marshal]] for the eastern district of Texas.<ref>U.S. Government Printing Office, [https://books.google.com/books?id=vC0XAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22andrew+j+houston%22+court+clerk&pg=PA439 ''Official Register of the United States''], Volume 1, 1879, page 439</ref><ref>United States War Department, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HKxM76bCj1YC&dq=%22a+j+houston%22+colonel&pg=PA235 ''Annual Report''], Volume 5, 1892, page 235</ref><ref>U.S. Government Printing Office, [https://books.google.com/books?id=iOg3AQAAIAAJ&dq=%22a+j+houston%22+marshal&pg=PA90 ''United States Congressional Serial Set''], Issue 4773, 1905, page 90</ref> |
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== United States senator == |
== United States senator == |
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[[File:Coat of Arms of Sam Houston.svg|150px|thumb|left|Coat of arms of Andrew Jackson Houston]] |
[[File:Coat of Arms of Sam Houston.svg|150px|thumb|left|Coat of arms of Andrew Jackson Houston]] |
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Houston's semi-retirement ended in 1941, when |
Houston's semi-retirement ended in 1941, when Morris Sheppard died while representing Texas in the [[United States Senate]].<ref>Associated Press, Deseret News, [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=l6FTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=locDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5801,4556428&dq=morris+sheppard&hl=en Sen. Sheppard, of Prohibition Fame, is Dead], April 9, 1941</ref> |
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[[Texas Governor]] [[W. Lee O'Daniel]] desired to serve in the Senate, but knew it would be politically unpopular to name himself as the interim appointee pending [[List of special elections to the United States Senate|a special election]] for the remainder of Sheppard's term. Certain that the 86-year-old Houston would not run in the special election, O'Daniel appointed him to temporarily fill the vacancy.<ref>Associated Press, San Antonio Express, Andrew Jackson Houston Named Texas Senator, April 22, 1941</ref> At the time of his swearing in, 82 years after his father had served in the same seat, Houston was the oldest man to enter the Senate.{{sfn|"Death Ends Career of Houston"|pages=1, 3}} (The oldest person overall was [[Rebecca Latimer Felton]]).<ref>Associated Press, Paris (Texas) News, Death Ends Career of Houston, June 27, 1941</ref> |
[[Texas Governor]] [[W. Lee O'Daniel]] desired to serve in the Senate, but knew it would be politically unpopular to name himself as the interim appointee pending [[List of special elections to the United States Senate|a special election]] for the remainder of Sheppard's term. Certain that the 86-year-old Houston would not run in the special election, O'Daniel appointed him to temporarily fill the vacancy.<ref>Associated Press, San Antonio Express, Andrew Jackson Houston Named Texas Senator, April 22, 1941</ref> At the time of his swearing in, 82 years after his father had served in the same seat, Houston was the oldest man to enter the Senate.{{sfn|"Death Ends Career of Houston"|pages=1, 3}} (The oldest person overall was [[Rebecca Latimer Felton]]).<ref>Associated Press, Paris (Texas) News, Death Ends Career of Houston, June 27, 1941</ref> |
Revision as of 05:32, 15 May 2024
Andrew Jackson Houston | |
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United States Senator from Texas | |
In office April 21, 1941 – June 26, 1941 | |
Appointed by | W. Lee O'Daniel |
Preceded by | Morris Sheppard |
Succeeded by | W. Lee O'Daniel |
United States Marshal for the Eastern District of Texas | |
In office June 2, 1902 – May 25, 1910 | |
Preceded by | John Grant |
Succeeded by | Dupont B. Lyon |
Personal details | |
Born | Independence, Texas, U.S. | June 21, 1854
Died | June 26, 1941 Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. | (aged 87)
Resting place | Texas State Cemetery, Austin, Texas |
Political party | Democratic Republican Prohibition |
Spouse(s) | Carrie Glenn Purnell (d. 1884) Elizabeth Hart Goode (d. 1907) |
Children | 3 |
Profession | Lawyer Author Historian |
Andrew Jackson Houston (June 21, 1854 – June 26, 1941) was an American politician. He was a son of the famous Texas founder and statesman Sam Houston and his wife Margaret Lea Houston, and was named for his father's mentor Andrew Jackson. He served briefly as a United States senator in 1941, appointed to temporarily fill the vacancy left by the death of longtime Senator Morris Sheppard.
Early life
Andrew J. Houston was born in Independence, Texas, on June 21, 1854.[1] He was educated at several military academies and colleges, including Baylor University and West Point—a member of the Class of 1875, he dropped out before graduating.[2][3] He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1876.[4]
Career
Houston had a varied career, including serving as clerk of the federal court in Dallas, a colonel in the Texas National Guard and United States Marshal for the eastern district of Texas.[5][6][7]
Houston ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Texas in 1892 as a lily-white Republican candidate.[8]
During the Spanish–American War Houston raised and organized a cavalry troop which was mustered into service as part of the Rough Riders. In 1910 and 1912 he was a Prohibition Party candidate for Governor.[9]
A longtime resident of La Porte,[10] in 1918 he retired to study and write history. From 1924 until his Senate appointment he held a sinecure as Superintendent of the state park at the San Jacinto battleground, where his father had won the battle which led to the independence of Texas from Mexico.[11]
United States senator
Houston's semi-retirement ended in 1941, when Morris Sheppard died while representing Texas in the United States Senate.[12]
Texas Governor W. Lee O'Daniel desired to serve in the Senate, but knew it would be politically unpopular to name himself as the interim appointee pending a special election for the remainder of Sheppard's term. Certain that the 86-year-old Houston would not run in the special election, O'Daniel appointed him to temporarily fill the vacancy.[13] At the time of his swearing in, 82 years after his father had served in the same seat, Houston was the oldest man to enter the Senate.[14] (The oldest person overall was Rebecca Latimer Felton).[15]
Houston joined the Senate as a Democrat, and filled the seat from April 21, 1941, until his death. The early June trip from Texas to Washington, D.C., to begin his duties had a negative effect on Houston's health, and he attended only one committee meeting as a senator, afterwards spending most of his time hospitalized.[16]
Death and burial
Houston died in a Baltimore, Maryland, hospital on June 26, 1941, five days after his 87th birthday.[17] Briefly interred at Abbey Mausoleum in Arlington County, Virginia, he was later disinterred and reburied in the Texas State Cemetery.[18]
Legacy
In the special election held a few days after Houston's death, O'Daniel defeated Lyndon B. Johnson and several other candidates, and won the seat.[19][20]
Houston is one of 4 Senators (the others being William Johnson, Edmund Pettus and Strom Thurmond) to be the oldest living U.S. senator while serving and he is the only Senator subsequent to the second U.S. Congress to become the oldest living Senator upon entering office.
Family
Houston was married twice; his first wife was Carrie Glenn Purnell of Austin, who died in 1884.[14] His second wife, Elizabeth Hart Goode of Dallas died in 1907.[14] Houston was the father of three daughters, Ariadne, Marguerite, and Josephine;[14][21] Ariadne and Marguerite largely devoted their adult lives to caring for their father.[14] Both Ariadne and Marguerite traveled with him to Washington after his Senate appointment, and they were with him when he died.[14]
Houston family tree
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Notes
References
Bibliography
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See also
References
- ^ Texas Heritage Foundation, Texas Heritage, Volume 1, 1959, page 100
- ^ West Texas Historical Association, West Texas Historical Association Year Book, Volumes 23–25, 1947, page 56
- ^ Texas Heritage Commission, Under Texas Skies, Volume 2, 1946, page 97
- ^ Ralph Henderson Shuffler, The Houstons at Independence, 1966, pages 75–76
- ^ U.S. Government Printing Office, Official Register of the United States, Volume 1, 1879, page 439
- ^ United States War Department, Annual Report, Volume 5, 1892, page 235
- ^ U.S. Government Printing Office, United States Congressional Serial Set, Issue 4773, 1905, page 90
- ^ New York Times, "A Hot Fight in Texas", September 7, 1892
- ^ Christian Science Monitor, "Obituary, A. J. Houston" Archived 2015-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, June 27, 1941
- ^ "Death Ends Career of Houston, Solon For Just 24 Days". Paris News. Paris Texas. Associated Press. June 27, 1941. pp. 1, 2.
- ^ Ralph Henderson Shuffler, The Houstons at Independence, 1966, page 76
- ^ Associated Press, Deseret News, Sen. Sheppard, of Prohibition Fame, is Dead, April 9, 1941
- ^ Associated Press, San Antonio Express, Andrew Jackson Houston Named Texas Senator, April 22, 1941
- ^ a b c d e f "Death Ends Career of Houston", pp. 1, 3.
- ^ Associated Press, Paris (Texas) News, Death Ends Career of Houston, June 27, 1941
- ^ Andrew Jackson Houston at www.cemetery.state.tx.us
- ^ United Press, Madison (Wisconsin) State Journal, Houston, Aged Texas Senator, Dies, June 27, 1941
- ^ Ben R. Guttery, Representing Texas, 2007, page 83
- ^ Paris (Texas) News, O'Daniel Takes Lead of 379 in Senate Contest, July 1, 1941
- ^ Associated Press, Big Springs Daily Herald, O'Daniel Takes Seat in Senate, August 4, 1941
- ^ Armstrong, Zella (1922). Notable Southern Families. Vol. 2. Chattanooga, TN: Lookout Publishing Co. p. 183.
External links
- United States Congress. "Andrew Jackson Houston (id: H000821)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Andrew Jackson Houston from the Handbook of Texas Online
- Texas State Cemetery Honored Texans Biography
- Military Maps of the Texas Revolution by Andrew Jackson Houston, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
- Andrew Jackson Houston, Late a Senator from Texas, 1944, U.S. Government Printing Office
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- People from Independence, Texas
- Baylor University alumni
- United States Military Academy alumni
- United States Marshals
- Texas Democrats
- Burials at Texas State Cemetery
- 1854 births
- 1941 deaths
- Democratic Party United States senators from Texas
- Texas Republicans
- Texas lawyers
- American male non-fiction writers
- Historians from Texas
- American militia officers
- Sam Houston
- Texas Prohibitionists