Administrative divisions of South Africa: Difference between revisions
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Six of South Africa's largest cities (increasing to eight in 2011) are governed as metropolitan municipalities. Metropolitan municipalities exercise all municipal functions in their areas, in contrast with the divided responsibilities in areas with the district/local system (see below).<ref name="sainfo-local">{{cite web |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/government/govlocal.htm |title=Local government |work=South Africa.info |publisher=Brand South Africa |accessdate=22 April 2011}}</ref> Metropolitan municipalities are governed by councils in which half of the councillors are directly elected from the wards (see below) and half are elected by [[party-list proportional representation]].<ref name="etu-electoral">{{cite web |url=http://www.etu.org.za/toolbox/docs/govern/elections.html |title=Elections in South Africa |work=Community Organisers Toolbox |publisher=Education and Training Unit (ETU) |accessdate=22 April 2011}}</ref> |
Six of South Africa's largest cities (increasing to eight in 2011) are governed as metropolitan municipalities. Metropolitan municipalities exercise all municipal functions in their areas, in contrast with the divided responsibilities in areas with the district/local system (see below).<ref name="sainfo-local">{{cite web |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/government/govlocal.htm |title=Local government |work=South Africa.info |publisher=Brand South Africa |accessdate=22 April 2011}}</ref> Metropolitan municipalities are governed by councils in which half of the councillors are directly elected from the wards (see below) and half are elected by [[party-list proportional representation]].<ref name="etu-electoral">{{cite web |url=http://www.etu.org.za/toolbox/docs/govern/elections.html |title=Elections in South Africa |work=Community Organisers Toolbox |publisher=Education and Training Unit (ETU) |accessdate=22 April 2011}}</ref> |
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The six current metropolitan municipalities are: [[City of Cape Town]] ([[Cape Town]]), [[Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality|Ekurhuleni]] ([[East Rand]]), [[eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality|eThekwini]] ([[Durban]]), [[City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality|City of Johannesburg]] ([[Johannesburg]]), [[Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality|Nelson Mandela Bay]] ([[Port Elizabeth]]), and [[City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality|City of Tshwane]] ([[Pretoria]]).<ref name="sainfo-local" /> After the [[South African municipal election, 2011|2011 municipal election]], two further municipalities will be promoted to metropolitan status: [[Buffalo City Local Municipality|Buffalo City]] ([[East London, Eastern Cape|East London]]) and [[Mangaung Local Municipality|Mangaung]] ([[Bloemfontein]]).<ref>{{cite news |title=Buffalo City, Mangaung categorised Metros |url=http://www.buanews.gov.za/news/10/10120915351002 |work=BuaNews |publisher=Government Communication and Information |
The six current metropolitan municipalities are: [[City of Cape Town]] ([[Cape Town]]), [[Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality|Ekurhuleni]] ([[East Rand]]), [[eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality|eThekwini]] ([[Durban]]), [[City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality|City of Johannesburg]] ([[Johannesburg]]), [[Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality|Nelson Mandela Bay]] ([[Port Elizabeth]]), and [[City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality|City of Tshwane]] ([[Pretoria]]).<ref name="sainfo-local" /> After the [[South African municipal election, 2011|2011 municipal election]], two further municipalities will be promoted to metropolitan status: [[Buffalo City Local Municipality|Buffalo City]] ([[East London, Eastern Cape|East London]]) and [[Mangaung Local Municipality|Mangaung]] ([[Bloemfontein]]).<ref>{{cite news |title=Buffalo City, Mangaung categorised Metros |first=Nthambeleni |last=Gabara |url=http://www.buanews.gov.za/news/10/10120915351002 |work=BuaNews |publisher=Government Communication and Information System |date=9 December 2011 |accessdate=22 April 2011}}</ref> |
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[[File:Map of South Africa with district borders.svg|thumb|District and metropolitan municipalities]] |
[[File:Map of South Africa with district borders.svg|thumb|District and metropolitan municipalities]] |
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{{main|District municipality (South Africa)}} |
{{main|District municipality (South Africa)}} |
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Except for the metropolitan municipalities, the rest of South Africa is divided into district municipalities. These cover large regions of the provinces, and are in turn divided into local municipalities (see below). The district municipalities are responsible for |
Except for the metropolitan municipalities, the rest of South Africa is divided into district municipalities. These cover large regions of the provinces, and are in turn divided into local municipalities (see below).<ref name="sainfo-local" /> The district municipalities are responsible for "district-wide" municipal functions, including development planning, bulk supply of utilities, arterial roads, and public transport. In district councils, 60% of the councillors are elected by the constituent local municipalities and 40% are elected by the population by proportional representation.<ref name="etu-electoral" /> There are currently 46 district municipalities,<ref name="cogta-state">{{Cite report |title=State of Local Government in South Africa |url=http://www.sadelivery.co.za/files/delivery/resources/State%20of%20LG%20Report%20-%2020%20Oct%202009.pdf |author= |last= |first= |coauthors= |year=2009 |publisher=Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs |accessdate=22 April 2011 |docket= }}</ref> but this number will decrease to 44 after the 2011 municipal elections. |
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==Local municipalities== |
==Local municipalities== |
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{{main|Local municipality (South Africa)}} |
{{main|Local municipality (South Africa)}} |
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The district municipalities are divided into local municipalities. In general, a local municipality includes one or two large towns, a few smaller towns, and the surrounding villages and rural areas. A local municipality exercises all the municipal functions not carried out by the district municipality within which it lies. Local municipalities' councils are elected in the same way as those of metropolitan municipalities: half from wards and half by proportional representation. |
The district municipalities are divided into local municipalities. In general, a local municipality includes one or two large towns, a few smaller towns, and the surrounding villages and rural areas. A local municipality exercises all the municipal functions not carried out by the district municipality within which it lies. Local municipalities' councils are elected in the same way as those of metropolitan municipalities: half from wards and half by proportional representation.<ref name="etu-electoral" /> |
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There are currently 231 local municipalities, but this number will decrease to 226 after the 2011 municipal elections. Certain very sparsely populated areas (including for example deserts and national parks) are not part of any local municipality; these are known as [[District Management Area]]s (DMAs). The DMAs will also cease to exist after the municipal elections, with their territory being included into adjacent local municipalities. |
There are currently 231 local municipalities,<ref name="cogta-state" /> but this number will decrease to 226 after the 2011 municipal elections. Certain very sparsely populated areas (including for example deserts and national parks) are not part of any local municipality; these are known as [[District Management Area]]s (DMAs). The DMAs will also cease to exist after the municipal elections, with their territory being included into adjacent local municipalities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dplg.gov.za/index.php/documents/doc_download/757-20110123-presentation-on-elections-24-january-2011.html |format=PPT |title=2011 local government elections and the budget process |publisher=Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs |date=24 January 2011 |accessdate=22 April 2011}}</ref> |
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==Wards== |
==Wards== |
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{{main|Electoral ward (South Africa)}} |
{{main|Electoral ward (South Africa)}} |
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Metropolitan and local municipalities are divided into wards, with each ward electing one councillor to the municipal council. (Currently, a few local municipalities have small enough councils that they do not have wards, with all councillors being elected at-large; |
Metropolitan and local municipalities are divided into wards, with each ward electing one councillor to the municipal council. {{Asof|2011|04}} there are 3,895 wards in South Africa;<ref name="cogta-state" /> after the 2011 municipal elections there will be 4,277.<ref name="more-wards">{{cite news |title=More wards ahead of local govt elections |first=Nthambeleni |last=Gabara |url=http://www.buanews.gov.za/rss/10/10090113251001 |newspaper=BuaNews |publisher=Government Communication and Information System |date=1 September 2010 |accessdate=22 April 2011}}</ref> (Currently, a few local municipalities have small enough councils that they do not have wards, with all councillors being elected at-large; after the 2011 elections all local municipalities will have wards.<ref name="more-wards" />) |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 18:32, 22 April 2011
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The primary administrative divisions of South Africa are the nine provinces. The provinces are divided into metropolitan and district municipalities, with the district municipalities being further divided into local municipalities. Metropolitan and local municipalities are divided into wards.
Provinces
Since 1994, South Africa has been divided into nine provinces: the Eastern Cape, the Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape. The boundaries of the provinces are specified in the national constitution, although they have been changed twice by constitutional amendment.
Each province is governed by a unicameral legislature elected by party-list proportional representation, and a Premier elected by the legislature. The provincial legislatures are represented in the national Parliament by their delegations to the National Council of Provinces.[1]
Metropolitan municipalities
Six of South Africa's largest cities (increasing to eight in 2011) are governed as metropolitan municipalities. Metropolitan municipalities exercise all municipal functions in their areas, in contrast with the divided responsibilities in areas with the district/local system (see below).[2] Metropolitan municipalities are governed by councils in which half of the councillors are directly elected from the wards (see below) and half are elected by party-list proportional representation.[3]
The six current metropolitan municipalities are: City of Cape Town (Cape Town), Ekurhuleni (East Rand), eThekwini (Durban), City of Johannesburg (Johannesburg), Nelson Mandela Bay (Port Elizabeth), and City of Tshwane (Pretoria).[2] After the 2011 municipal election, two further municipalities will be promoted to metropolitan status: Buffalo City (East London) and Mangaung (Bloemfontein).[4]
District municipalities
Except for the metropolitan municipalities, the rest of South Africa is divided into district municipalities. These cover large regions of the provinces, and are in turn divided into local municipalities (see below).[2] The district municipalities are responsible for "district-wide" municipal functions, including development planning, bulk supply of utilities, arterial roads, and public transport. In district councils, 60% of the councillors are elected by the constituent local municipalities and 40% are elected by the population by proportional representation.[3] There are currently 46 district municipalities,[5] but this number will decrease to 44 after the 2011 municipal elections.
Local municipalities
The district municipalities are divided into local municipalities. In general, a local municipality includes one or two large towns, a few smaller towns, and the surrounding villages and rural areas. A local municipality exercises all the municipal functions not carried out by the district municipality within which it lies. Local municipalities' councils are elected in the same way as those of metropolitan municipalities: half from wards and half by proportional representation.[3]
There are currently 231 local municipalities,[5] but this number will decrease to 226 after the 2011 municipal elections. Certain very sparsely populated areas (including for example deserts and national parks) are not part of any local municipality; these are known as District Management Areas (DMAs). The DMAs will also cease to exist after the municipal elections, with their territory being included into adjacent local municipalities.[6]
Wards
Metropolitan and local municipalities are divided into wards, with each ward electing one councillor to the municipal council. As of April 2011[update] there are 3,895 wards in South Africa;[5] after the 2011 municipal elections there will be 4,277.[7] (Currently, a few local municipalities have small enough councils that they do not have wards, with all councillors being elected at-large; after the 2011 elections all local municipalities will have wards.[7])
References
- ^ "Provincial government". SouthAfrica.info. Brand South Africa. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ a b c "Local government". South Africa.info. Brand South Africa. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ a b c "Elections in South Africa". Community Organisers Toolbox. Education and Training Unit (ETU). Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ Gabara, Nthambeleni (9 December 2011). "Buffalo City, Mangaung categorised Metros". BuaNews. Government Communication and Information System. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ a b c State of Local Government in South Africa (PDF) (Report). Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs. 2009. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
{{cite report}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "2011 local government elections and the budget process" (PPT). Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs. 24 January 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ a b Gabara, Nthambeleni (1 September 2010). "More wards ahead of local govt elections". BuaNews. Government Communication and Information System. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
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