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'''Afghana''' or '''Avagana'''<ref name="Afghan">{{cite encyclopedia |author=Ch. M. Kieffer |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afgan-in-current-political-usage-any-citizen-of-afghanistan-whatever-his-ethnic-tribal-or-religious-affiliation |title=Afghan |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |edition=Encyclopædia Iranica Online |publisher=Columbia University |date=December 15, 1983}}</ref> is a [[tribal chief]] or prince of [[Pashtuns]], who is traditionally considered the progenitor of modern-day [[Pashtun people|Pashtuns]],<ref name=autogenerated5>Socio-economic Behaviour of Pukhtun Tribe By Dipali Saha, Dipali Saha - 2006 - 282 pages - Page 124.</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>India and the Afghans: a study of a neglected region, 1370-1576 A.D., Amrendra Kumar Thakur, Janaki Prakashan, 1992 - 231 pages, Covers the history of Bihar during the Afghan rule in India. Page 2 & 9.</ref><ref name=autogenerated4>Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, Volume 22, Research Society of Pakistan, 1985 - Page 4.</ref><ref name=autogenerated2>Pukhtun economy and society: traditional structure and economic development in a tribal society, Akbar S. Ahmed, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980 - 406 pages - Page 128 & 129.</ref><ref name=autogenerated3>Niamatullah's history of the Afghans , Volume 1, Niʻmat Allāh, Nirod Bhusan Roy, Santiniketan Press, 1958 - Page 5 & 9.</ref> the largest ethnic group in [[Afghanistan]] and second largest in [[Pakistan]]. The [[ethnonym]] [[Afghan (ethnonym)|"Afghan"]] is believed to derive from his name.<ref name=autogenerated5 /><ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref name=autogenerated4 /><ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref name=autogenerated3 /> One of the earliest mention of the word Afghan is by Shapur I of the Sassanid Empire during the 3rd century CE, in documents found in Northern Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sims-Williams|first=Nicholas|title=Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan. Vol II: Letters and Buddhist|url=https://www.khalilicollections.org/portfolio/bactrian-documents-from-northern-afghanistan-part-ii/|journal=Khalili Collectins|pages=19}}</ref>
'''Afghana''' or '''Avagana'''<ref name="Afghan">{{cite encyclopedia |author=Ch. M. Kieffer |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afgan-in-current-political-usage-any-citizen-of-afghanistan-whatever-his-ethnic-tribal-or-religious-affiliation |title=Afghan |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |edition=Encyclopædia Iranica Online |publisher=Columbia University |date=December 15, 1983}}</ref> is a [[tribal chief]] or prince of [[Pashtuns]], who is traditionally considered the progenitor of modern-day [[Pashtun people|Pashtuns]],<ref name=autogenerated5>Socio-economic Behaviour of Pukhtun Tribe By Dipali Saha, Dipali Saha - 2006 - 282 pages - Page 124.</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>India and the Afghans: a study of a neglected region, 1370-1576 A.D., Amrendra Kumar Thakur, Janaki Prakashan, 1992 - 231 pages, Covers the history of Bihar during the Afghan rule in India. Page 2 & 9.</ref><ref name=autogenerated4>Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, Volume 22, Research Society of Pakistan, 1985 - Page 4.</ref><ref name=autogenerated2>Pukhtun economy and society: traditional structure and economic development in a tribal society, Akbar S. Ahmed, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980 - 406 pages - Page 128 & 129.</ref><ref name=autogenerated3>Niamatullah's history of the Afghans , Volume 1, Niʻmat Allāh, Nirod Bhusan Roy, Santiniketan Press, 1958 - Page 5 & 9.</ref> the largest ethnic group in [[Afghanistan]] and second largest in [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan - The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/#people-and-society |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=www.cia.gov}}</ref> The [[ethnonym]] [[Afghan (ethnonym)|"Afghan"]] is believed to derive from his name.<ref name=autogenerated5 /><ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref name=autogenerated4 /><ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref name=autogenerated3 /> One of the earliest mention of the word Afghan is by Shapur I of the Sassanid Empire during the 3rd century CE, in documents found in Northern Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sims-Williams|first=Nicholas|title=Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan. Vol II: Letters and Buddhist|url=https://www.khalilicollections.org/portfolio/bactrian-documents-from-northern-afghanistan-part-ii/|journal=Khalili Collectins|pages=19}}</ref>


== House of King Saul ==
== House of King Saul ==

Revision as of 20:08, 16 August 2023

Afghana or Avagana
BornProbably Balkh
DiedZhob, Sulaiman Mountains, Pakistan,[1][2]
HouseHouse of Saul
FatherIrmia (Jeremiah)
ReligionAbrahamism

Afghana or Avagana[3] is a tribal chief or prince of Pashtuns, who is traditionally considered the progenitor of modern-day Pashtuns,[4][5][6][7][8] the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and second largest in Pakistan.[9] The ethnonym "Afghan" is believed to derive from his name.[4][5][6][7][8] One of the earliest mention of the word Afghan is by Shapur I of the Sassanid Empire during the 3rd century CE, in documents found in Northern Afghanistan.[10]

House of King Saul

Further information: House of Saul and Theory of Pashtun descent from Israelites
Genealogy and family tree of Malak Afghana, grandson of King Saul

According to the Tanakh, King Saul (Talut) was the son of Kish, a member of the tribe of Benjamin, one of the twelve Tribes of Israel (1 Samuel 9:1–2). Saul married Ahinoam, daughter of Ahimaaz and had four sons and two daughters. The sons were Jonathan, Abinadab, Malchishua, Ish-bosheth, Ishvi, Armani, Irmia, and Mephibosheth. Saul's daughters were named Merab and Michal.[11] Historians and Pashtun lore describes Malak Afghana as the son of Irmia (Jeremiah) and grandson of King Saul (Talut).[12][13][14]

Family tree and lineage

This name is mentioned in the form of Afghan in the 3rd century CE by the Sassanians[15] and as Avagana in the 6th century CE by Indian astronomer Varahamihira.[16]

It is mentioned that Afghana was brought up by King David at a young age. When Solomon became king, Afghana was made commander-in-chief of the army. Malak Afghana is also credited with the building of the first temple in Jerusalem, the Temple Mount, known later in Arabic as the Haram al-Sharif (Arabic: الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram al-qudsī ash-sharīf):[17][18][19]

According to Tadhkirat al-Muluk, Malak Afghana migrated to the place known as Takht-i-Sulaiman and generations later Qais Abdur Rashid, a descendant of Malak Afghana, embraced Islam.[20][21]

Further information: Afghan (ethnonym)

Death

Part of a series on
Pashtuns
Empires and dynasties

According to legend, after his death he was buried in what is now Zhob Sulaiman Mountains in Pakistan.[1][2] In other folklore however, Qais Abdur Rashid in his old age, when he felt his time was near, asked his sons to bury him in the vicinity of Zhob (Sulaiman Mountains) at the location where his ancestor Afghana was buried.[1][2]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Balochistan: land, history, people, Ihsan H. Nadiem, Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007 - - 160 pages, Page 16.
  2. ^ a b c Pakistan pictorial, Publisher: Pakistan Publications, 2003.
  3. ^ Ch. M. Kieffer (December 15, 1983). "Afghan". Encyclopædia Iranica (Encyclopædia Iranica Online ed.). Columbia University.
  4. ^ a b Socio-economic Behaviour of Pukhtun Tribe By Dipali Saha, Dipali Saha - 2006 - 282 pages - Page 124.
  5. ^ a b India and the Afghans: a study of a neglected region, 1370-1576 A.D., Amrendra Kumar Thakur, Janaki Prakashan, 1992 - 231 pages, Covers the history of Bihar during the Afghan rule in India. Page 2 & 9.
  6. ^ a b Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, Volume 22, Research Society of Pakistan, 1985 - Page 4.
  7. ^ a b Pukhtun economy and society: traditional structure and economic development in a tribal society, Akbar S. Ahmed, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980 - 406 pages - Page 128 & 129.
  8. ^ a b Niamatullah's history of the Afghans , Volume 1, Niʻmat Allāh, Nirod Bhusan Roy, Santiniketan Press, 1958 - Page 5 & 9.
  9. ^ "Pakistan - The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
  10. ^ Sims-Williams, Nicholas. "Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan. Vol II: Letters and Buddhist". Khalili Collectins: 19.
  11. ^ 1 Samuel 14:51 lists three sons - Jonathan, and Ishvi, and Malchi-shua - and the two daughters. But see also 2 Samuel 2:8 and 1 Chronicles 8:33.
  12. ^ A grammar of the Pukhto, Pushto, or Language of the Afgháns, By Henry George Raverty - - 1860 - 204 pages - page 6.
  13. ^ Volume 13 of Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics - Editors: James Hastings, John Alexander Selbie, Louis Herbert Gray - Publisher C. Scribner's sons - Original from the University of Michigan.
  14. ^ The rise of the Indo-pakistan empire, c.1710-1780 By Jos J. L. Gommans - 1995 - 219 pages - Page 164.
  15. ^ "History of pakistanistan". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
  16. ^ Ch. M. Kieffer (December 15, 1983). "pakistan". Encyclopædia Iranica (Encyclopædia Iranica Online ed.). Columbia University.[permanent dead link]
  17. ^ Pathan tribal patterns: an interim study of authoritarian family process and structure, Ruth Einsidler Newman, Foreign Studies Institute, 1965 - 111 pages.
  18. ^ Among the wild tribes of the pakistan frontier, Theodore Leighton Pennell, Oxford University Press, 1975 - 323 pages - page 31.
  19. ^ Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. Edited by James Hastings, Volume 1, James Hastings, John Alexander Selbie - 2001 - 343 pages - Page 159.
  20. ^ Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society , Volume 39, Pakistan Historical Society, Pakistan Historical Society, 1991.
  21. ^ Tadhkirat al-Muluk: A Manual of Safavid Administration, Translated by V. Minorsky, Publisher: Gibb Memorial Trust; 2nd edition (December 1, 1980) Language: English, ISBN 978-0-906094-12-9, Paperback: 360 pages.
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