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{{Short description|Species of amphibian}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Italic title}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| image = Atelopus longirostris female.jpg |
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| trend = down |
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| image_caption = Female ''Atelopus longirostris'' from [[Junín Canton|Junín]], Ecuador |
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| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN2006|assessors=Bustamante ''et al.''|year=2004|id=54522|title=Atelopus longirostris|downloaded=August 2006}} Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is extinct</ref> |
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| status = CR |
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| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] |
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| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 21 July 2022">IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2022. Atelopus longirostris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T54522A98641996. Accessed on 21 July 2022.</ref> |
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| classis = [[Amphibia]] |
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| ordo = [[Anura]] |
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| authority = [[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1868 |
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| familia = [[Bufonidae]] |
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| synonyms = ''Phryniscus longirostris'' <small>(Cope, 1868)</small><br/> |
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| genus = ''[[Atelopus]]'' |
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''Phryniscus boussingaulti'' <small>Thominot, 1889</small><br/> |
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''Atelopus longirostris marmorata'' <small>Werner, 1901</small> |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name=Frost/> |
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| binomial_authority = Cope, 1868 |
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}} |
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'''''Atelopus longirostris''''' |
'''''Atelopus longirostris''''' is a [[species]] of [[Atelopus|harlequin frog]], a member of the family of [[true toad]]s (Bufonidae). It has been recorded only in northern [[Ecuador]]. Records from [[Colombia]] probably represent different species.<ref name=Frost/> Once listed as [[extinct]] by the [[IUCN]],<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Martín R. Bustamante, Wilmar Bolívar, Luis A. Coloma, Santiago Ron, Diego Cisneros-Heredia, Fernando Castro, Jose Vicente Rueda, Stefan Lötters, Andrés Acosta-Galvis |date=2004 |title=''Atelopus longirostris'' |volume=2004 |page=e.T54522A11158637 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54522A11158637.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> it was rediscovered in 2016 after more than two decade with no sightings. |
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== Names == |
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The species has been classified as [[extinct]], due to huge declines probably related to [[chytridiomycosis]], [[climate change]], among other synergistic causes. The species has not been recorded since 1989, despite some searching in historical localities. |
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The scientific name of this [[species]] means "long-snout" and the species has been named in Spanish as the jambato hocicudo (long-snouted jambato).<ref name="Ranas Arlequines" /> Common names '''longnose stubfoot toad''', '''scrawny stubfoot-toad''', and '''longnose sharlequin frog''' have been coined for it.<ref name="Frost" /><ref name="Tapia et al. 2017" /> |
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==Taxonomy and systematics== |
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== Type locality == |
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''Atelopus longirostris'' was [[species description|described]] by [[Edward Drinker Cope]] in 1868 based on a specimen collected by [[James Orton]] and which now appears to be lost. The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] was stated as "Valley of Quito", but this is presumed to be erroneous.<ref name="Peters 1973" /><ref name="Frost" /> |
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Known from the western slopes of the northern Ecuadorian Andes in the provinces of Esmeraldas, Imbabura, Pichincha, and Cotopaxi, up to 2500 m elevation. It inhabits humid montane forests. |
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Arteaga and colleagues (2013) state that populations from [[Carchi Province|Carchi]] and [[Esmeraldas Province]]s need taxonomic revision and exclude them from the range of this species.<ref name="Arteaga et al. 2013" /><ref name="Tapia et al. 2017" /> |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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'' |
Adult males measure {{convert|30|-|35|mm|abbr=on}} and females {{convert|41|-|47|mm|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length.<ref name="Ranas Arlequines"/><ref name=AWE/> However, Tapia and colleagues report two smaller adult females, measuring {{convert|37|and|39|mm|abbr=on}} SVL.<ref name="Tapia et al. 2017"/> ''Atelopus longirostris'' has a slender body with long limbs. The snout is pronounced and has a comparatively sharp point. The fingers are fleshy and have some basal webbing; the toes are more heavily webbed. The [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsum]] is brown with yellow or cream rounded spots. The flanks are dark brown or black. The [[abdomen|venter]] is whitish with some brown suffusion in the throat and chest.<ref name="Ranas Arlequines"/><ref name="Peters 1973"/> |
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==Status and rediscovery== |
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Previously, the species has been classified as extinct, due to huge declines probably related to the disease [[chytridiomycosis]], [[climate change]] and habitat loss.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> The species was not recorded between 1989 and 2016, despite some searching in historical localities. It was rediscovered in March 2016 when four adults (two males and two females) were located in Imbabura in two small forest patches in an area heavily modified for agriculture and livestock. These individuals tested negative for chytridiomycosis and were brought to the Jambatu Research and Conservation Center in the hope of establishing a captive breeding population.<ref name="Tapia et al. 2017"/> <!-- 43 individuals were again found in early July of 2017, all being taken into the lab for breeding like the four found in the previous year. SOURCE?--> |
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<references/> |
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== Distribution and habitat == |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Atelopus Longirostris}} |
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[[File:Atelopus longirostris male.jpg|thumb|Male ''Atelopus longirostris'' from [[Junín Canton|Junín]], Ecuador]]''Atelopus longirostris'' is historically known from the western slopes of the northern Ecuadorian Andes in the provinces of [[Esmeraldas Province|Esmeraldas]], [[Imbabura Province|Imbabura]], [[Pichincha Province|Pichincha]], and [[Cotopaxi Province|Cotopaxi]], at elevations between {{convert|200|–|2500|m|abbr=on}} [[above sea level]].<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /><ref name="Ranas Arlequines"/> Tapia and colleagues give a slightly different historic range that includes Imbabura, Cotopaxi, Pichincha, and [[Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province]]s and a narrower altitudinal range, {{convert|900|–|1925|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Tapia et al. 2017"/> |
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[[Category:Extinctions since 1500]] |
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[[Category:Toads]] |
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''Atelopus longirostris'' inhabits lowland (but see above) and montane tropical rainforests. Breeding takes place in streams.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" /> Populations discovered in 2016 were in isolated, small patches of native forest within a heavily modified landscape. They were all found at night, perched on leaves about half a metre above the ground, some distance away from the nearest rivers.<ref name="Tapia et al. 2017"/> |
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{{Reflist|30em|refs= |
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<ref name=AWE>{{cite web |url=https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/amphibiaweb/FichaEspecie/Atelopus%20longirostris |title=''Atelopus longirostris'' |author=Coloma, L. A. |display-authors=etal |year=2018 |editor1=Ron, S. R. |editor2=Merino-Viteri, A. |editor3=Ortiz, D. A. |name-list-style=amp |work=Anfibios del Ecuador. Version 2018.0 |publisher=Museo de Zoología, [[Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador]] (QCAZ) |access-date=30 October 2018 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="Arteaga et al. 2013">{{Cite book | last1 = Arteaga| first1 = Alejandro| last2 = Bustamante| first2 = Lucas M.| last3 = Guayasamin| first3 = Juan M. |name-list-style=amp | title = The Amphibians and Reptiles of Mindo: Life in the Cloudforest| location = Quito, Ecuador| date = 2013 | publisher = Imprenta Mariscal| isbn = 978-9942-13-496-7}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Atelopus/Atelopus-longirostris |title=''Atelopus longirostris'' Cope, 1868 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2017 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=27 July 2017}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Peters 1973">{{cite journal |last1=Peters |first1=James Arthur |title=The frog genus ''Atelopus'' in Ecuador (Anura: Bufonidae) |journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology |date=1973 |issue=145 |pages=1–49 |doi=10.5479/si.00810282.145}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Ranas Arlequines">{{cite book |chapter=''Atelopus longirostris'' |title=Ranas Arlequines |last1=Galvis |first1=P.A. |last2=Cisneros-Heredia |first2=D.F. |editor=Rueda-Almonacid, J.V. |display-editors=etal |year=2005 |publisher=Conservación Internacional |series=Libretas de Campo |isbn=958-97690-4-7 |page=53 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259363493 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="Tapia et al. 2017">{{cite journal |last1=Tapia|first1=Elicio Eladio|last2=Coloma|first2=Luis Aurelio|last3=Pazmiño-Otamendi|first3=Gustavo|last4=Peñafiel|first4=Nicolás |name-list-style=amp |title=Rediscovery of the nearly extinct longnose harlequin frog ''Atelopus longirostris'' (Bufonidae) in Junín, Imbabura, Ecuador |journal=Neotropical Biodiversity |date=25 May 2017 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=157–167 |doi=10.1080/23766808.2017.1327000|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q2706540}} |
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{{Bufonidae-stub}} |
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[[ |
[[Category:Atelopus|longirostris]] |
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[[Category:Amphibians of the Andes]] |
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[[es:Atelopus longirostris]] |
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[[fr:Atelopus longirostris]] |
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[[Category:Endemic fauna of Ecuador]] |
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[[simple:Atelopus longirostris]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope]] |
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[[Category:Amphibians described in 1868]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:36, 28 January 2024
| Atelopus longirostris | |
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| Female Atelopus longirostris from Junín, Ecuador | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Atelopus |
| Species: | A. longirostris
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| Binomial name | |
| Atelopus longirostris Cope, 1868
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Phryniscus longirostris (Cope, 1868) | |
Atelopus longirostris is a species of harlequin frog, a member of the family of true toads (Bufonidae). It has been recorded only in northern Ecuador. Records from Colombia probably represent different species.[2] Once listed as extinct by the IUCN,[3] it was rediscovered in 2016 after more than two decade with no sightings.
Names
[edit]The scientific name of this species means "long-snout" and the species has been named in Spanish as the jambato hocicudo (long-snouted jambato).[4] Common names longnose stubfoot toad, scrawny stubfoot-toad, and longnose sharlequin frog have been coined for it.[2][5]
Taxonomy and systematics
[edit]Atelopus longirostris was described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1868 based on a specimen collected by James Orton and which now appears to be lost. The type locality was stated as "Valley of Quito", but this is presumed to be erroneous.[6][2]
Arteaga and colleagues (2013) state that populations from Carchi and Esmeraldas Provinces need taxonomic revision and exclude them from the range of this species.[7][5]
Description
[edit]Adult males measure 30–35 mm (1.2–1.4 in) and females 41–47 mm (1.6–1.9 in) in snout–vent length.[4][8] However, Tapia and colleagues report two smaller adult females, measuring 37 and 39 mm (1.5 and 1.5 in) SVL.[5] Atelopus longirostris has a slender body with long limbs. The snout is pronounced and has a comparatively sharp point. The fingers are fleshy and have some basal webbing; the toes are more heavily webbed. The dorsum is brown with yellow or cream rounded spots. The flanks are dark brown or black. The venter is whitish with some brown suffusion in the throat and chest.[4][6]
Status and rediscovery
[edit]Previously, the species has been classified as extinct, due to huge declines probably related to the disease chytridiomycosis, climate change and habitat loss.[3] The species was not recorded between 1989 and 2016, despite some searching in historical localities. It was rediscovered in March 2016 when four adults (two males and two females) were located in Imbabura in two small forest patches in an area heavily modified for agriculture and livestock. These individuals tested negative for chytridiomycosis and were brought to the Jambatu Research and Conservation Center in the hope of establishing a captive breeding population.[5]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]
Atelopus longirostris is historically known from the western slopes of the northern Ecuadorian Andes in the provinces of Esmeraldas, Imbabura, Pichincha, and Cotopaxi, at elevations between 200–2,500 m (660–8,200 ft) above sea level.[3][4] Tapia and colleagues give a slightly different historic range that includes Imbabura, Cotopaxi, Pichincha, and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Provinces and a narrower altitudinal range, 900–1,925 m (2,953–6,316 ft).[5]
Atelopus longirostris inhabits lowland (but see above) and montane tropical rainforests. Breeding takes place in streams.[3] Populations discovered in 2016 were in isolated, small patches of native forest within a heavily modified landscape. They were all found at night, perched on leaves about half a metre above the ground, some distance away from the nearest rivers.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2022. Atelopus longirostris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T54522A98641996. Accessed on 21 July 2022.
- ^ a b c d Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Atelopus longirostris Cope, 1868". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
- ^ a b c d Martín R. Bustamante, Wilmar Bolívar, Luis A. Coloma, Santiago Ron, Diego Cisneros-Heredia, Fernando Castro, Jose Vicente Rueda, Stefan Lötters, Andrés Acosta-Galvis (2004). "Atelopus longirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54522A11158637. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54522A11158637.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d Galvis, P.A.; Cisneros-Heredia, D.F. (2005). "Atelopus longirostris". In Rueda-Almonacid, J.V.; et al. (eds.). Ranas Arlequines. Libretas de Campo. Conservación Internacional. p. 53. ISBN 958-97690-4-7.
- ^ a b c d e f Tapia, Elicio Eladio; Coloma, Luis Aurelio; Pazmiño-Otamendi, Gustavo & Peñafiel, Nicolás (25 May 2017). "Rediscovery of the nearly extinct longnose harlequin frog Atelopus longirostris (Bufonidae) in Junín, Imbabura, Ecuador". Neotropical Biodiversity. 3 (1): 157–167. doi:10.1080/23766808.2017.1327000.
- ^ a b Peters, James Arthur (1973). "The frog genus Atelopus in Ecuador (Anura: Bufonidae)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology (145): 1–49. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.145.
- ^ Arteaga, Alejandro; Bustamante, Lucas M. & Guayasamin, Juan M. (2013). The Amphibians and Reptiles of Mindo: Life in the Cloudforest. Quito, Ecuador: Imprenta Mariscal. ISBN 978-9942-13-496-7.
- ^ Coloma, L. A.; et al. (2018). Ron, S. R.; Merino-Viteri, A. & Ortiz, D. A. (eds.). "Atelopus longirostris". Anfibios del Ecuador. Version 2018.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 30 October 2018.