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{{short description|Last stand of the Maratha rearguard against the Adil Shahi forces following the Siege of Panhala}}
{{short description|Last stand of the Maratha rearguard against the Adil Shahi forces following the Siege of Panhala}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}{{Multiple issues|
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2023}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=August 2023}}
{{POV|date=August 2023}}}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Päwan Khind
| conflict = Battle of Päwan Khind
| width =
| width =
| partof =
⚫
| partof = [[Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
| image =
| image = Shivaji Maharaj and Baji Prabhu at Pawan Khind.jpg
| caption =
| caption = A 20th century depiction by painter [[M.V. Dhurandhar]] of [[Shivaji]] and [[Bajiprabhu|Baji Prabhu]] at Pawan Khind
| date = 13 July 1660
| date = 13 July 1660
| place = Pavan Khind, [[Vishalgad]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| place = Pavan Khind, [[Vishalgad]], [[Maharashtra]], India
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| notes =
| notes =
}}
}}
The '''Battle of Pavan Khind''' ({{IPAc-en|p|aː|v|ʌ|n|x|ɪ|n|d|audio=Paawankhind.ogg}} {{Respell|PAAVANKHIND}}); was a rearguard [[last stand]] that took place on 13 July 1660,<ref>Jann Tibbetts, 50 Great Military Leaders of All Time (Vij Books, 2016)</ref> at a mountain pass in the vicinity of fort [[Vishalgad]], near the city of [[Kolhapur]] by the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] general [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]] and Shambhu Singh Jadhav against [[Siddi Masud]] of the [[Bijapur Sultanate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hinduperspective.com/2013/05/04/hindu-resistance-baji-prabhu-the-battle-of-pavan-khind/|title=Shivaji, Baji Prabhu & the Battle of Pavan Khind|date=4 May 2013|publisher=Hindu Perspective}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/International-film-on-Shivaji-Maharaj-for-global-audience/articleshow/12532149.cms|title=International film on Shivaji for global audience|newspaper=Times of India|date=4 April 2012 }}</ref> The engagement ended with the destruction of the Maratha forces, and a tactical victory for the Bijapur Sultanate that failed to achieve a strategic victory.
The '''Battle of Pavan Khind''' ({{IPAc-en|p|aː|v|ʌ|n|x|ɪ|n|d|audio=Paawankhind.ogg}} {{Respell|PAAVANKHIND}}); was a rearguard [[last stand]] that took place on 13 July 1660, at a mountain pass in the vicinity of fort [[Vishalgad]], near the city of [[Kolhapur]] by the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] general [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]] and Shambhu Singh Jadhav against [[Siddi Masud]] of the [[Bijapur Sultanate]]. The engagement ended with the destruction of the Maratha forces, and a tactical victory for the Bijapur Sultanate that failed to achieve a strategic victory.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}


[[File:Baji Prabhu Deshpande Statue in Panhala Fort.jpg|thumb|Baji Prabhu Deshpande Statue in Panhala Fort]]
[[File:Baji Prabhu Deshpande Statue in Panhala Fort.jpg|thumb|Baji Prabhu Deshpande Statue in Panhala Fort]]

==Battle==
{{Multiple issues|section=yes|
{{Story|section|date=February 2020}}
{{Refimprove|section|date=September 2023}}
}}
Baji Prabhu, together with his brother Fulaji Prabhu and sardars such as Shambusing Jadhav, occupied [[Ghod Khind]], blocking the path of the Adilshahi troops. Fulaji Prabhu and Shambusing were killed after a fierce fight. Baji Prabhu was severely wounded but continued fighting at his station. The Adilshahi army tried to break through the pass defences but was repeatedly repulsed. The unequal battle continued for hours, with the defenders maintaining their positions with rapidly depleting numbers. Only several Marathas survived, and around 1,000 soldiers of the Adilshahi army died or were injured in their attempt to take the pass.

Five hours after the battle started, cannon fire announced Shivaji’s safe return to [[Vishalgad]]. Slightly fewer than 300 Marathas had been killed. According to a legend, Baji Prabhu was injured but continued engaging the enemy and held the pass, and died once he heard the sound of cannon fire. The few surviving Marathas retreated and disappeared into the forest as planned.

Shivaji and his 300 soldiers broke through the encirclement of Suryarao and Jaswantrao at Vishalgadh. A battle ensued in which Shivaji fought wearing [[Pata (sword)|Dandpatta]] in both hands. Realising the difficulty of the fight, the commander of Vishalgadh fort sent reinforcements to Shivaji, enabling him and his troops to reach the fort safely. Shivaji then fired cannons as a signal for Baji Prabhu to retreat.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sawant|first=Indrajit|title=Parnalparvat Panhalgad}}</ref><ref>(Tarikh-i-Ali Adil Shah II by Sayyid Nurullah, 82-93; Basitin-i-Salatin by Md. Ibrahim Al Zubairi, 353-357; Factory Records Rajapur, Kolhapur to Surat, at the India Office Manuscripts, dated 5 June. 1660. Chitragupta Bakhar 64; Shiva Digvijay 175-176; Tarikh-i-Shivaji at the India Office Persian manucripts I8b-19a.) Cited by Sir [[Jadunath Sarkar]] in Shivaji and His Times</ref><ref>[Chitragupta Bakhar. 64-65; Shiva Digvijay 182-185; Tarikh-i-Shivaji at the India Office Perisan Manuscripts S. 19a & b; the name of Siddi Aziz is given by Duff (i. 181) only, while T. S. reads Siddi Halal. The Persian works are silent about this retreat. Vishalgarh is 27 miles from Panhala via Malkapur. (Indian Atlas by the Survey of India 40 S. W.)]" Cited by Sir Jadunath Sarkar in Shivaji and His Times</ref>

==Aftermath==
[[File:Pawan khind (2065411349).jpg|right|thumb|Pavan Khind today]]
The pass, Ghod Khind (Horse Pass) was renamed Pavan Khind (Sacred Pass) in honour of the sacrifice of 300 Maratha troops which let the rest of Shivaji's army escape.{{cn|date=September 2023}}


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==


* The battle was depicted in episodes of [[Raja Shivchatrapati]] <ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2354568/]{{unreliable source|date=September 2023}}</ref>
* The battle was depicted in episodes of ''[[Raja Shivchatrapati]]''
* In 2022, a Marathi-language film depicting the battle is titled ''[[Pawankhind (film)|Pawankhind]]'' directed by Digpal Lanjekar starring [[Chinmay Mandlekar]] as [[Shivaji]] and Ajay Purkar as [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]] released on 21 January.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/these-character-posters-of-digpal-lanjekars-pawankhind-will-get-you-all-excited-for-the-film/articleshow/88539211.cms|title=THESE character posters of Digpal Lanjekar's 'Pawankhind' will get you all excited for the film|date=28 December 2021|publisher=Times of India|access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref>
* In 2022, a Marathi-language film depicting the battle is titled ''[[Pawankhind (film)|Pawankhind]]'' directed by Digpal Lanjekar starring [[Chinmay Mandlekar]] as [[Shivaji]] and Ajay Purkar as [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]] released on 21 January.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/these-character-posters-of-digpal-lanjekars-pawankhind-will-get-you-all-excited-for-the-film/articleshow/88539211.cms|title=THESE character posters of Digpal Lanjekar's 'Pawankhind' will get you all excited for the film|date=28 December 2021|publisher=Times of India|access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Battle of Kolhapur]]
* [[Battle of Kolhapur]]
* [[Battle of Thermopylae]]
* [[Third Battle of Panipat]]
* [[Third Battle of Panipat]] (1761), A massive historic battle between the Maratha empire and the [[Durrani Empire]] of [[Afghanistan]] at [[Panipat]]. [[Shah]] of the Durrani empire [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Shah Abdali]] led the invasion, [[Sadashivrao Bhau]] led the [[Maratha Army]].
* [[List of last stands]]
* [[List of last stands]]
{{portal bar|war|military}}


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:1660 in India]]
[[Category:1660 in India]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire|Pavankhind]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Confederacy|Pavankhind]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1660|Pavan Khind]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1660|Pavan Khind]]
[[Category:History of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:History of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Last stands|Pavan Khind]]
[[Category:Last stands|Pavan Khind]]
⚫
[[Category:Battles involving the Bijapur Sultanate]]

Revision as of 12:56, 11 June 2024

Battle of Päwan Khind
Date13 July 1660
Location
Pavan Khind, Vishalgad, Maharashtra, India
Result Inconclusive
Belligerents
Maratha Army Bijapur Sultanate
Commanders and leaders
Baji Prabhu Deshpande †
Fulaji Prabhu Deshpande †
Rayaji Bandal  †
Shambu Singh Jadhav †		 Siddi Masud
Siddi Jauhar

The Battle of Pavan Khind (/pɑːvʌnxɪnd/ ⓘ PAAVANKHIND); was a rearguard last stand that took place on 13 July 1660, at a mountain pass in the vicinity of fort Vishalgad, near the city of Kolhapur by the Maratha general Baji Prabhu Deshpande and Shambhu Singh Jadhav against Siddi Masud of the Bijapur Sultanate. The engagement ended with the destruction of the Maratha forces, and a tactical victory for the Bijapur Sultanate that failed to achieve a strategic victory.[citation needed]

Baji Prabhu Deshpande Statue in Panhala Fort

See also

References

  1. ^ "THESE character posters of Digpal Lanjekar's 'Pawankhind' will get you all excited for the film". Times of India. 28 December 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

16°52′N 73°50′E / 16.867°N 73.833°E / 16.867; 73.833

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