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Coordinates: 52°30′29.286″N 21°5′2.688″E / 52.50813500°N 21.08408000°E / 52.50813500; 21.08408000
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{{Short description|Major Central European river}}
{{ about|the Bug River, a tributary of the Narew River|the Southern Bug River, located in Ukraine|Southern Bug}}
{{ about|the Bug, a tributary of the Narew|the river in Southern Ukraine|Southern Bug}}

{{Infobox river
{{Infobox river
| name = Bug
| name = Bug
| native_name = {{unbulletedlist|{{native name|pl|Bug}}|{{native name|uk|Західний Буг}}|{{native name|be|Заходні Буг}}|{{native name|ru|Западный Буг}}}}
| name_native =
<!-- IMAGE & MAP -->
| name_native_lang =
| name_other = {{lang-pl|Bug}}<br />{{lang-uk|Західний Буг}}<br />{{lang-be|Захо́дні Буг}}<br />{{Lang-ru|Западный Буг}}
| name_etymology =
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| image = Wyszkow_Bug.jpg
| image = Wyszkow_Bug.jpg
| image_size = 250
| image_size = 250
Line 12: Line 11:
| map = Vistula river map.png
| map = Vistula river map.png
| map_size = 250px
| map_size = 250px
| map_caption = Bug River through Ukraine, Belarus and Poland
| map_caption = Bug River
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size = 250px
| pushpin_map_size = 250px
<!-- LOCATION -->
| pushpin_map_caption=
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Poland]], [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Poland]], [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]]
| subdivision_type3 = Voivodeship<br />Region<br />Oblast
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name3 = [[Podlaskie Voivodeship|Podlaskie]], [[Masovian Voivodeship|Mazovian]], [[Lublin Voivodeship|Lublin]], [[Brest Region|Brest]], [[Lviv Oblast|Lviv]]
| subdivision_name2 =
<!-- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| subdivision_type3 = Voivodeship<br />Voblast<br />Oblast
| subdivision_name3 = [[Podlaskie Voivodeship|Podlaskie]], [[Masovian Voivodeship|Mazovian]], [[Lublin Voivodeship|Lublin]], <br />[[Brest Voblast|Brest]], <br />[[Lviv Oblast|Lviv]]
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| length = {{convert|774|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|774|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location= [[Serock]]
| discharge1_location= [[Serock]]
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|1|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|1|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge2_location= [[Narew]]
| discharge1_max =
| discharge2_location= [[mouth]]
| discharge2_min =
| discharge2_avg = {{convert|155|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge2_avg = {{convert|155|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
<!-- BASIN FEATURES -->
| discharge2_max =
| source1_location = near [[Verkhobuzh]], [[Lviv Oblast]], [[Ukraine]]
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| source1 =
| source1_location = near Verkhobuzh, [[Lviv Oblast]], [[Ukraine]]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|49|52|0.5736|N|25|5|48.609|E|display=inline}}
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|49|52|0.5736|N|25|5|48.609|E|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation = {{convert|310|m|abbr=on}}
| source1_elevation = {{convert|310|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth =
| mouth = [[Narew]]
| mouth_location = [[Narew]] near [[Serock]], [[Poland]]
| mouth_location = near [[Serock]], [[Poland]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|52|30|29.286|N|21|5|2.688|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|52|30|29.286|N|21|5|2.688|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|75|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|75|m|abbr=on}}
| progression = {{RNarew}}
| progression = {{RNarew}}
| basin_size = {{convert|38712|km2|abbr=on}}
| basin_size = {{convert|38712|km2|abbr=on}}
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| extra =
}}
}}
The '''Bug''' or '''Western Bug'''{{efn|{{lang-pl|Bug}} {{IPAc-pl|AUD|Pl-Bug.ogg|b|u|k}}, {{lang-uk|Західний Буг}}, ''Zakhidnyi Buh,'' {{lang-be|Захо́дні Буг}}, ''Zakhodni Buh''; {{lang-ru|Западный Буг}}, ''Zapadnyy Bug''}} is a major river in [[Central Europe]] that flows through [[Belarus]] (border), [[Poland]], and [[Ukraine]], with a total length of {{convert|774|km|mi}}.<ref name=yearbook>[http://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/en/defaultaktualnosci/3328/2/17/1/statistical_yearbook_of_the_republic_of_poland_2017.pdf Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland 2017], [[Central Statistical Office (Poland)|Statistics Poland]], p. 85-86</ref> A [[tributary]] of the [[Narew]], the Bug forms part of the [[Belarus–Poland border|border]] between Belarus and Poland for {{convert|178|km|mi}} and part of the [[Poland–Ukraine border|border]] between Ukraine and Poland for {{convert|185|km|mi}}.<ref name="floodwise"/><ref name=statistics>{{cite web |url = http://landofancestors.com/travel/statistics/geography/237-main-characteristics-of-the-largest-rivers.html |title = Main Geographic Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus. Main characteristics of the largest rivers of Belarus |publisher = Data of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus. |year = 2011 |website = Land of Ancestors |access-date = 27 September 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140115190617/http://landofancestors.com/travel/statistics/geography/237-main-characteristics-of-the-largest-rivers.html |archive-date = 15 January 2014 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
__NOTOC__
The '''Bug River''' ({{lang-pl|Bug}} {{IPAc-pl|AUD|Pl-Bug.ogg|b|u|k}}) or '''Western Bug''' ({{lang-uk|Західний Буг}}, ''Zakhidnyy Buh, ''{{lang-be|Захо́дні Буг}}, ''Zakhodni Buh''; {{lang-ru|Западный Буг}}, ''Zapadnyy Bug'') is a major river mostly located in [[Eastern Europe]], which flows through three countries with a total length of {{convert|774|km|mi}}.<ref name=yearbook>[http://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/en/defaultaktualnosci/3328/2/17/1/statistical_yearbook_of_the_republic_of_poland_2017.pdf Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland 2017], [[Central Statistical Office (Poland)|Statistics Poland]], p. 85-86</ref>


The Bug is connected with the [[Dnieper]] by the [[Dnieper-Bug Canal]]. Out of its {{convert|38712|km2|mi2}} [[drainage basin]], half is in Poland,<ref name=yearbook/> just over a quarter in Belarus, and slightly under a quarter in Ukraine.<ref name="floodwise"/>
A tributary of the [[Narew River]], the Bug forms part of the border between [[Ukraine]] and [[Poland]]
for {{convert|185|km|mi}},<ref name="floodwise"/> and between [[Belarus]] and Poland for {{convert|178|km|mi}},<ref name="floodwise"/><ref name=statistics>{{cite web |url = http://landofancestors.com/travel/statistics/geography/237-main-characteristics-of-the-largest-rivers.html |title = Main Geographic Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus. Main characteristics of the largest rivers of Belarus |publisher = Data of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus. |year = 2011 |website = Land of Ancestors |accessdate= 27 September 2013 }}</ref> and is the fourth longest [[Polish rivers|Polish river]].


==History==
==History==
According to [[Zbigniew Gołąb]], the Slavic hydronym ''Bug'' as ''*bugъ''/''*buga'' derives from Indo-European verbal root ''*bheug-'' (having cognates in old [[Proto-Germanic language|Germanic]] word ''*bheugh-'' etc. with the meaning of "bend, turn, moves away"), with the hypothetical original meaning of "pertaining to a (river) bend", and derivatives in Russian ''búga'' ("low banks of a river, overgrown with bushes"), Polish ''bugaj'' ("bushes or woods in a river valley or on a steep river bank"), and Latvian ''bauga'' ("marshy place by a river").<ref>{{citation |first=Zbigniew |last=Gołąb |author-link = Zbigniew Gołąb |year=1992 |title=The Origins of the Slavs: A Linguist's View |url=https://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/39006 |location=[[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]] |publisher=Slavica |pages=258–260 |isbn=9780893572310}}</ref>
The name ''Bug'' probably came from the old [[Proto-Germanic language|Germanic]] word ''*baug-s'',{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} which meant something winding or bent. Slavs adopted the word ''Baug'' from the [[Goths]], [[Wielbark culture|who previously lived]] in large numbers near the river.


Traditionally, e.g. by the drafters of the [[Curzon Line]], the Bug River has been considered to be the ethnographical border between the East and West as well as the border between [[Polish Orthodox Church|Polish Orthodox]] and [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] peoples.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lwow.com.pl/przes2.html|title= POLSKIE PRZESIEDLENIA - HISTORIA NIEZNANA|website= www.lwow.com.pl|accessdate= 13 August 2018}}</ref>
Traditionally, e.g. by the drafters of the [[Curzon Line]], the Bug River has been considered to be the ethnographical border between the East and West as well as the border between [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] (Ukrainians, Belarusians) and [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] (Poles) peoples.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lwow.com.pl/przes2.html|title= POLSKIE PRZESIEDLENIA - HISTORIA NIEZNANA|website= www.lwow.com.pl|access-date= 13 August 2018}}</ref> {{verify source|date=October 2020}}


The Bug was part of the frontier between the slices of Poland occupied by Austria and Russia after the [[Third Partition of Poland]] in 1795, the southern half of the eastern border of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]] (1809-1815), [[Congress Poland]] (1815-1867), of the [[Vistula Land]] (1867-1913), and of the [[Regency Kingdom of Poland]] (1917-1918). The Bug also formed part of the dividing line between German [[Wehrmacht]] and Soviet [[Red Army]] zones specified in a secret clause of the [[German–Soviet Frontier Treaty]] of 28 September 1939 following the September 1939 [[invasion of Poland]] in the [[World War II|Second World War]].
The Bug was part of the frontier between the territories occupied by Austria, Russia and Prussia after the [[Third Partition of Poland]] in 1795, the southern half of the eastern border of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]] and [[Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission]] (1809-1815), [[Congress Poland]] and Russia proper (1815-1867), of the [[Vistula Land]] and Russia proper (1867-1913), and of the [[Regency Kingdom of Poland]] and [[Belarusian Democratic Republic|BPR]] (1917-1918). The Bug also formed part of the dividing line between German [[Wehrmacht]] and Soviet [[Red Army]] zones specified in a secret clause of the [[German–Soviet Frontier Treaty]] of 28 September 1939 following the September 1939 [[invasion of Poland]] in the [[World War II|Second World War]].


==Geographic characteristics==
==Geographic characteristics==
[[File:Man statue in Lazenki.JPG|thumb|left|''Allegory of the Bug River'', a statue on the terrace of the [[Łazienki Palace]] in [[Łazienki Park|Royal Baths Park]], [[Warsaw]], Poland]]
The Bug River is a left tributary of the [[Narew]] River. It flows from the [[Lviv Oblast]] in the west of Ukraine northwards into the [[Volyn Oblast]], before passing along the Ukraine-Polish and [[Polish-Belarusian]] border and into Poland, where it follows part of the border between the [[Masovian Voivodeship|Masovian]] and [[Podlaskie Voivodeship|Podlaskie]] [[Voivodeship]]s. It joins the Narew at [[Serock]], a few kilometers upstream of the artificial [[Zegrze Lake]].<ref name="floodwise">{{cite web | url=http://www.lugv.brandenburg.de/media_fast/4055/final_floodwise_proj.pdf | title=Characteristics and cross-border cooperation within the river basins of the FLOOD-WISE project | publisher=[[Zuyd University of Applied Sciences]] [[Maastricht]], the Netherlands | year=2010 | accessdate=29 October 2013 |author1=D.François |author2=J. Kikken |author3=P. Moiret |author4=J. Paulzen |author5=B. Stevens | pages=49–55}}</ref>


[[File:Łazienki - Pałac na wodzie - 20.jpg|thumb|left|''Allegory of the Bug River'', a statue on the terrace of the [[Łazienki Palace]] in [[Łazienki Park|Royal Baths Park]], [[Warsaw]], Poland]]
This part of the Narew between the confluence and the Vistula River is sometimes referred to as [[Narew#Alternate Names|Bugo-Narew]] but on December 27, 1962, the Prime Minister of Poland's act abolished the name "Bugo-Narew", soon after Zegrze Lake was completed.<ref name="Monitor">{{in lang|pl}} "Monitor Polski" 1963, nr 3, poz. 6</ref>
The Bug is a left tributary of the [[Narew]]. It flows from the [[Lviv Oblast]] in the west of Ukraine northwards into the [[Volyn Oblast]], before passing along the Ukraine-Polish and [[Polish-Belarusian]] border and into Poland, where it follows part of the border between the [[Masovian Voivodeship|Masovian]] and [[Podlaskie Voivodeship|Podlaskie]] [[Voivodeship]]s. It joins the Narew at [[Serock]], a few kilometers upstream of the artificial [[Zegrze Lake]].<ref name="floodwise">{{cite web | url=http://www.lugv.brandenburg.de/media_fast/4055/final_floodwise_proj.pdf | title=Characteristics and cross-border cooperation within the river basins of the FLOOD-WISE project | publisher=[[Zuyd University of Applied Sciences]] [[Maastricht]], the Netherlands | year=2010 | access-date=29 October 2013 | author1=D.François | author2=J. Kikken | author3=P. Moiret | author4=J. Paulzen | author5=B. Stevens | pages=49–55 | archive-date=31 October 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031203749/http://www.lugv.brandenburg.de/media_fast/4055/final_floodwise_proj.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>


This part of the Narew between the confluence and the Vistula is sometimes referred to as [[Narew#Name of the lower portion|Bugo-Narew]] but on December 27, 1962, the Prime Minister of Poland's act abolished the name "Bugo-Narew", soon after Zegrze Lake was completed.<ref name="Monitor">{{in lang|pl}} "Monitor Polski" 1963, nr 3, poz. 6</ref>
On the Bug River, a few kilometers from the [[Vysokaye]] in [[Kamenets Raion|Kamenets District]] of the [[Brest Region]], is the westernmost point of [[Belarus]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://landofancestors.com/travel/statistics/geography/235-coordinates-of-the-extreme-points-of-the-state-frontier.html |title = Main Geographic Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus |publisher = The Scientific and Production State Republican Unitary Enterprise “National Cadastre Agency” of the State Property Committee of the Republic of Belarus |year = 2011 |website = Land of Ancestors |accessdate= 20 September 2013 }}</ref> It is also connected with the [[Dnieper|Dnieper River]] via the [[Mukhavets|Mukhavets River]], a right-bank tributary, by the [[Dnieper-Bug Canal]].

On the Bug, a few kilometers from the [[Vysokaye]] in [[Kamenets Raion|Kamenets District]] of the [[Brest Region]], is the westernmost point of [[Belarus]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://landofancestors.com/travel/statistics/geography/235-coordinates-of-the-extreme-points-of-the-state-frontier.html |title = Main Geographic Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus |publisher = The Scientific and Production State Republican Unitary Enterprise “National Cadastre Agency” of the State Property Committee of the Republic of Belarus |year = 2011 |website = Land of Ancestors |access-date = 20 September 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053717/http://landofancestors.com/travel/statistics/geography/235-coordinates-of-the-extreme-points-of-the-state-frontier.html |archive-date = 21 September 2013 |url-status = dead }}</ref> It is also connected with the [[Dnieper]] via the [[Mukhavets]], a right-bank tributary, by the [[Dnieper-Bug Canal]].


==Basin==
==Basin==

The total basin area of Bug River is {{convert|38712|km2|mi2}} of which half, {{convert|19239|km2|mi2}} or, 50%, is in Poland.<ref name=yearbook/> Somewhat more than a quarter,{{convert|11400|km2|mi2}} or 29%, is in Belarus, and a bit under a quarter, {{convert|8700|km2|mi2}} or 22% lies in Ukraine.<ref name="floodwise"/>
The total basin area of the Bug is {{convert|38712|km2|mi2}} of which half, {{convert|19239|km2|mi2}} or, 50%, is in Poland.<ref name=yearbook/> Somewhat more than a quarter, {{convert|11400|km2|mi2}} or 29%, is in Belarus, and a bit under a quarter, {{convert|8700|km2|mi2}} or 22% lies in Ukraine.<ref name="floodwise"/>


The climate of the Bug basin is [[Temperate climate|temperate]].<ref name="floodwise"/>
The climate of the Bug basin is [[Temperate climate|temperate]].<ref name="floodwise"/>
Line 87: Line 64:


==Flooding==
==Flooding==

Significant floods during the last 60 years in Belarus were registered in 1958, 1962, 1967, 1971 and 1974.<ref name="floodwise"/> The largest spring flood was observed in 1979, when the maximum water discharge was 19.1 cubic metres per second on 24 March 1979, at the village of [[Chersk]]; 166 cubic metres per second near the village of [[Tyukhinichi]] ([[Lyasnaya]] river) on 31 March 1979; and 269 cubic metres per second near [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]] on 1 April 1979. A similar spring flood occurred in 1999, when the spring run-off in March–May exceeded the average annual value by almost half again (48%).
Significant floods during the last 60 years in Belarus were registered in 1958, 1962, 1967, 1971 and 1974.<ref name="floodwise"/> The largest spring flood was observed in 1979, when the maximum water discharge was 19.1 cubic metres per second on 24 March 1979, at the village of [[Chersk]]; 166 cubic metres per second near the village of [[Tyukhinichi]] ([[Lyasnaya]] river) on 31 March 1979; and 269 cubic metres per second near [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]] on 1 April 1979. A similar spring flood occurred in 1999 when the spring run-off in March–May exceeded the average annual value by almost half again (48%).


The last time the Bug flooded in Poland and Ukraine was in 2010 and the last time it flooded in Belarus was in 1999.<ref name="floodwise"/>
The last time the Bug flooded in Poland and Ukraine was in 2010 and the last time it flooded in Belarus was in 1999.<ref name="floodwise"/>


==Tributaries==
==Tributaries==

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
'''Left bank'''
'''Left bank'''
* [[Poltva River|Poltva]]
* [[Poltva]]
* [[Bukowa (Bug)|Bukowa]]
* [[Bukowa (Bug)|Bukowa]]
* [[Huczwa]]
* [[Huczwa]]
Line 105: Line 84:


'''Right bank'''
'''Right bank'''
* [[Solokiya River]]
* [[Solokiya]]
* [[Luha River|Luha]]
* [[Luha]]
* [[Mukhavets River|Mukhavets]]
* [[Mukhavets]]
* [[Lyasnaya]]
* [[Lyasnaya]]
**[[Leśna Prawa]]
** [[Leśna Prawa]]
**[[Lyevaya Lyasnaya]]
** [[Lyevaya Lyasnaya]]
* [[Nurzec]]
* [[Nurzec]]
* [[Brok River|Brok]]
* [[Brok River|Brok]]
Line 117: Line 96:


==Photo gallery==
==Photo gallery==

<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Bug_wlodawa01b-04.jpg | Bug River in the vicinity of [[Włodawa]]
Image:Bug_wlodawa01b-04.jpg | Bug River in the vicinity of [[Włodawa]]
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==See also==
==See also==
{{Commons category|Western_Bug|Bug River}}
{{Commons category|Western_Bug|Bug River}}

* [[Southern Bug]]
* [[Bug Landscape Park]]
* {{annotated link|Bug Landscape Park}}
* {{annotated link|Geography of Belarus}}
* [[Rivers of Poland]]
* {{annotated link|Geography of Poland}}
* [[Rivers of Ukraine]]
* [[Geography of Poland]]
* {{annotated link|Geography of Ukraine}}
* {{annotated link|Rivers of Belarus}}
* [[Geography of Ukraine]]
* {{annotated link|Rivers of Poland}}
* {{annotated link|Rivers of Ukraine}}
* {{annotated link|Southern Bug}}


==References==
==References==
===Notes===
<references />
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
===Sources===
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==

* {{in lang|pl}} [http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_I/450 Bug] in the [[Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland]] (1880)
* {{in lang|pl}} [http://dir.icm.edu.pl/pl/Slownik_geograficzny/Tom_I/450 Bug] in the [[Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland]] (1880)

{{Polish rivers}}
{{Polish rivers}}
{{Rivers of Ukraine}}
{{Borders of Belarus}}
{{Borders of Poland}}
{{Borders of Ukraine}}
{{Europe topic |Borders of}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:International rivers of Europe]]
[[Category:Bug basin| ]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Rivers of Volyn Oblast]]
[[Category:Rivers of Lviv Oblast]]
[[Category:Rivers of Brest Region]]
[[Category:Rivers of Poland]]
[[Category:Rivers of Podlaskie Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Rivers of Lublin Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Rivers of Masovian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Belarus–Ukraine border]]
[[Category:Belarus–Poland border]]
[[Category:Belarus–Poland border]]
[[Category:Belarus–Ukraine border]]
[[Category:Poland–Ukraine border]]
[[Category:Poland–Ukraine border]]
[[Category:Border rivers]]
[[Category:Borders of Belarus]]
[[Category:Borders of Poland]]
[[Category:Borders of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Bug basin| ]]
[[Category:International rivers of Europe]]
[[Category:Natura 2000 in Poland]]
[[Category:Natura 2000 in Poland]]
[[Category:Rivers of Belarus]]
[[Category:Rivers of Belarus]]
[[Category:Rivers of Brest Region]]
[[Category:Rivers of Lublin Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Rivers of Lviv Oblast]]
[[Category:Rivers of Masovian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Rivers of Podlaskie Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Rivers of Poland]]
[[Category:Rivers of Volyn Oblast]]

Revision as of 00:30, 3 June 2024

This article is about the Bug, a tributary of the Narew. For the river in Southern Ukraine, see Southern Bug.
Bug
Bug River in the vicinity of Wyszków, Poland
Bug River
Native name
Location
CountryPoland, Belarus, Ukraine
Voivodeship
Region
Oblast		Podlaskie, Mazovian, Lublin, Brest, Lviv
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationnear Verkhobuzh, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine
 • coordinates49°52′0.5736″N 25°5′48.609″E / 49.866826000°N 25.09683583°E / 49.866826000; 25.09683583
 • elevation310 m (1,020 ft)
MouthNarew
 • location
near Serock, Poland
 • coordinates
52°30′29.286″N 21°5′2.688″E / 52.50813500°N 21.08408000°E / 52.50813500; 21.08408000
 • elevation
75 m (246 ft)
Length774 km (481 mi)
Basin size38,712 km2 (14,947 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • locationSerock
 • average1 m3/s (35 cu ft/s)
Discharge 
 • locationNarew
 • average155 m3/s (5,500 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionNarew→ Vistula→ Baltic Sea

The Bug or Western Bug[a] is a major river in Central Europe that flows through Belarus (border), Poland, and Ukraine, with a total length of 774 kilometres (481 mi).[1] A tributary of the Narew, the Bug forms part of the border between Belarus and Poland for 178 kilometres (111 mi) and part of the border between Ukraine and Poland for 185 kilometres (115 mi).[2][3]

The Bug is connected with the Dnieper by the Dnieper-Bug Canal. Out of its 38,712 square kilometres (14,947 sq mi) drainage basin, half is in Poland,[1] just over a quarter in Belarus, and slightly under a quarter in Ukraine.[2]

History

According to Zbigniew Gołąb, the Slavic hydronym Bug as *bugъ/*buga derives from Indo-European verbal root *bheug- (having cognates in old Germanic word *bheugh- etc. with the meaning of "bend, turn, moves away"), with the hypothetical original meaning of "pertaining to a (river) bend", and derivatives in Russian búga ("low banks of a river, overgrown with bushes"), Polish bugaj ("bushes or woods in a river valley or on a steep river bank"), and Latvian bauga ("marshy place by a river").[4]

Traditionally, e.g. by the drafters of the Curzon Line, the Bug River has been considered to be the ethnographical border between the East and West as well as the border between Orthodox (Ukrainians, Belarusians) and Catholic (Poles) peoples.[5] [verification needed]

The Bug was part of the frontier between the territories occupied by Austria, Russia and Prussia after the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, the southern half of the eastern border of the Duchy of Warsaw and Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission (1809-1815), Congress Poland and Russia proper (1815-1867), of the Vistula Land and Russia proper (1867-1913), and of the Regency Kingdom of Poland and BPR (1917-1918). The Bug also formed part of the dividing line between German Wehrmacht and Soviet Red Army zones specified in a secret clause of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty of 28 September 1939 following the September 1939 invasion of Poland in the Second World War.

Geographic characteristics

Allegory of the Bug River, a statue on the terrace of the Łazienki Palace in Royal Baths Park, Warsaw, Poland

The Bug is a left tributary of the Narew. It flows from the Lviv Oblast in the west of Ukraine northwards into the Volyn Oblast, before passing along the Ukraine-Polish and Polish-Belarusian border and into Poland, where it follows part of the border between the Masovian and Podlaskie Voivodeships. It joins the Narew at Serock, a few kilometers upstream of the artificial Zegrze Lake.[2]

This part of the Narew between the confluence and the Vistula is sometimes referred to as Bugo-Narew but on December 27, 1962, the Prime Minister of Poland's act abolished the name "Bugo-Narew", soon after Zegrze Lake was completed.[6]

On the Bug, a few kilometers from the Vysokaye in Kamenets District of the Brest Region, is the westernmost point of Belarus.[7] It is also connected with the Dnieper via the Mukhavets, a right-bank tributary, by the Dnieper-Bug Canal.

Basin

The total basin area of the Bug is 38,712 square kilometres (14,947 sq mi) of which half, 19,239 square kilometres (7,428 sq mi) or, 50%, is in Poland.[1] Somewhat more than a quarter, 11,400 square kilometres (4,400 sq mi) or 29%, is in Belarus, and a bit under a quarter, 8,700 square kilometres (3,400 sq mi) or 22% lies in Ukraine.[2]

The climate of the Bug basin is temperate.[2]

The basin experiences annual high-water levels during spring flooding due to thawing snow, after which a low flow period starts and lasts until October or mid-November. Occasional summer floods often occur in the headlands, where mountains influence favorable flash-flood conditions. In Autumn the water level increases are inconsiderable; in some years they do not happen at all. During the winter the river can have temporary ice-outs that sometimes provoke ice jams, causing an increase of the level up to 2 metres (6.6 ft). The resultant water levels are changeable due to the instability of ice cover.[2]

Flooding

Significant floods during the last 60 years in Belarus were registered in 1958, 1962, 1967, 1971 and 1974.[2] The largest spring flood was observed in 1979, when the maximum water discharge was 19.1 cubic metres per second on 24 March 1979, at the village of Chersk; 166 cubic metres per second near the village of Tyukhinichi (Lyasnaya river) on 31 March 1979; and 269 cubic metres per second near Brest on 1 April 1979. A similar spring flood occurred in 1999 when the spring run-off in March–May exceeded the average annual value by almost half again (48%).

The last time the Bug flooded in Poland and Ukraine was in 2010 and the last time it flooded in Belarus was in 1999.[2]

Tributaries

Left bank

Right bank

  • Bug River in the vicinity of Włodawa
    Bug River in the vicinity of Włodawa
  • Bug River in the vicinity of Nur
    Bug River in the vicinity of Nur
  • Bug River in the vicinity of Drohiczyn
    Bug River in the vicinity of Drohiczyn
  • Bug River landscape near Nadbużański
    Bug River landscape near Nadbużański
  • Bug River in the vicinity of Małkinia Górna
    Bug River in the vicinity of Małkinia Górna
  • Bug River in the vicinity of Serpelice
    Bug River in the vicinity of Serpelice

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bug River.

References

Notes

  1. ^ Polish: Bug [buk] ⓘ, Ukrainian: Західний Буг, Zakhidnyi Buh, Belarusian: Захо́дні Буг, Zakhodni Buh; Russian: Западный Буг, Zapadnyy Bug

Sources

  1. ^ a b c Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Poland 2017, Statistics Poland, p. 85-86
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h D.François; J. Kikken; P. Moiret; J. Paulzen; B. Stevens (2010). "Characteristics and cross-border cooperation within the river basins of the FLOOD-WISE project" (PDF). Zuyd University of Applied Sciences Maastricht, the Netherlands. pp. 49–55. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
  3. ^ "Main Geographic Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus. Main characteristics of the largest rivers of Belarus". Land of Ancestors. Data of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus. 2011. Archived from the original on 15 January 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  4. ^ Gołąb, Zbigniew (1992), The Origins of the Slavs: A Linguist's View, Columbus: Slavica, pp. 258–260, ISBN 9780893572310
  5. ^ "POLSKIE PRZESIEDLENIA - HISTORIA NIEZNANA". www.lwow.com.pl. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  6. ^ (in Polish) "Monitor Polski" 1963, nr 3, poz. 6
  7. ^ "Main Geographic Characteristics of the Republic of Belarus". Land of Ancestors. The Scientific and Production State Republican Unitary Enterprise “National Cadastre Agency” of the State Property Committee of the Republic of Belarus. 2011. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
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