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{{Short description|American lawyer (1943–2023)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2023}}
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{{short description|American lawyer}}

{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = C. Boyden Gray
| name = C. Boyden Gray
|image = C. Boyden Gray.jpg
| image = C. Boyden Gray.jpg
|caption = Official portrait, 2006
| caption = Official portrait, 2006
|office = [[United States Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy]]
| office = [[United States Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy]]
|president = [[George W. Bush]]
| president = [[George W. Bush]]
|term_start = March 31, 2008
| term_start = March 31, 2008
|term_end = January 20, 2009
| term_end = January 20, 2009
|predecessor = Position established
| predecessor = ''Position established''
|successor = [[Richard Morningstar]]
| successor = [[Richard Morningstar]]
|office1 = United States Special Envoy for European Affairs
| office1 = United States Special Envoy for European Affairs
|president1 = [[George W. Bush]]
| president1 = George W. Bush
|term_start1 = January 11, 2008
| term_start1 = January 11, 2008
|term_end1 = January 20, 2009
| term_end1 = January 20, 2009
|predecessor1 = Position established
| predecessor1 = ''Position established''
|successor1 = Position abolished
| successor1 = ''Position abolished''
|office2 = [[United States Ambassador to the European Union]]
| ambassador_from2 = United States
| country2 = the European Union
|president2 = [[George W. Bush]]
| president2 = George W. Bush
⚫
|term_start2 = January 17, 2006
|term_end2 = December 31, 2007
| term_start2 = January 20, 2006
| term_end2 = December 31, 2007
|predecessor2 = [[Rockwell A. Schnabel]]
|successor2 = [[Kristen Silverberg]]
| predecessor2 = [[Rockwell A. Schnabel]]
|office3 = [[White House Counsel]]
| successor2 = [[Kristen Silverberg]]
|president3 = [[George H. W. Bush]]
| office3 = [[White House Counsel]]
| president3 = [[George H. W. Bush]]
|term_start3 = January 20, 1989
|term_end3 = January 20, 1993
| term_start3 = January 20, 1989
⚫
| term_end3 = January 20, 1993
|predecessor3 = [[Arthur B. Culvahouse Jr.]]
|successor3 = [[Bernard Nussbaum]]
| predecessor3 = [[Arthur B. Culvahouse Jr.]]
| successor3 = [[Bernard Nussbaum]]
|birth_name = Clayland Boyden Gray
| birth_name = Clayland Boyden Gray
|birth_date = {{birth date|1943|2|6}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1943|2|6}}
|birth_place = [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]], U.S.
| birth_place = [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]], U.S.
|death_date = {{death date and age|2023|5|21|1943|2|6}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|5|21|1943|2|6}}
|death_place = Washington, D.C., U.S.
| death_place = Washington, D.C., U.S.
|party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|spouse = {{marriage|Carol Taylor|1984|1998|reason=div.}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Carol Taylor|1984|1998|reason=div.}}
|children = 1
|father = [[Gordon Gray (politician)|Gordon Gray]]
| children = 1
| father = [[Gordon Gray (politician)|Gordon Gray]]
|relatives = {{plainlist|
| relatives = {{Plain list|
⚫
* [[Burton C. Gray]] (brother)
* [[Bowman Gray Sr.]] (grandfather)
* [[Bowman Gray Sr.]] (grandfather)
* [[James A. Gray Jr.]] (grand-uncle)
* [[James A. Gray Jr.]] (grand-uncle)
⚫
* [[Burton C. Gray]] (brother)
}}
}}
|education = [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />[[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
| education = {{Plain list|
* [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
* [[University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
⚫
|footnotes = <ref>[http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CK1601042793&userGroupName=fairfax_main&jsid=a21af6a8f842b7a4b8d095a9a1353126 "C(layland) Boyden Gray."] Almanac of Famous People. Gale, 2011. Gale Biography In Context. Web. October 16, 2012. Document URL Gale Document Number: GALE|K1601042793</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/16/style/carol-taylor-has-nuptials.html |access-date= April 12, 2016 |title=Carol Taylor has nuptials |page=A94 |date= December 16, 1984}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1998/aug/02/opinion/op-9368 |access-date= October 16, 2012 |first= Sara |last=Fritz |title=C. Boyden Gray On Clinton's Conduct as President and Starr's as Independent Counsel |date=August 2, 1998}}</ref>
}}
}}
}}
'''Clayland Boyden Gray''' (February 6, 1943 – May 21, 2023) was an American lawyer and diplomat who served as [[White House Counsel]] from 1989 to 1993 and as [[United States Ambassador to the European Union|U.S. Ambassador to the European Union]] from 2006 to 2007. He was a founding partner of the Washington, D.C.-based law firm Boyden Gray & Associates LLP.<ref name=FW01/>

⚫
'''Clayland Boyden Gray''' (February 6, 1943 – May 21, 2023) was an American lawyer and diplomat who served as [[White House Counsel]] from 1981 to 1993 and as [[U.S. Ambassador to the European Union]] from 2006 to 2007.<ref>[http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CK1601042793&userGroupName=fairfax_main&jsid=a21af6a8f842b7a4b8d095a9a1353126 "C(layland) Boyden Gray"]. Almanac of Famous People. Gale, 2011. Gale Biography In Context. Web. October 16, 2012. Document URL Gale Document Number: GALE|K1601042793.</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/16/style/carol-taylor-has-nuptials.html |access-date= April 12, 2016 |title=Carol Taylor has nuptials |page=A94 |date= December 16, 1984}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1998/aug/02/opinion/op-9368 |access-date= October 16, 2012 |first= Sara |last=Fritz |title=C. Boyden Gray On Clinton's Conduct as President and Starr's as Independent Counsel |date=August 2, 1998}}</ref> He was a founding partner of the Washington, D.C.–based law firm Boyden Gray & Associates LLP.<ref name=FW01/>


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Gray was born in 1943 in [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]]. His father, [[Gordon Gray (politician)|Gordon Gray]], was a lawyer who served as [[National Security Advisor (United States)|U.S. National Security Advisor]] under President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]. Gray's grandfather, [[Bowman Gray Sr.]], was the president of the [[R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company]].<ref name = Lazo>{{cite news|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2023/05/21/c-boyden-gray-white-house-counsel-president-ghw-bush-dies-80/|title = C. Boyden Gray, White House counsel to President G.H.W. Bush, dies at 80|newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]|date = May 21, 2023|accessdate = May 21, 2023|last = Lazo|first = Luz|url-access = limited}}</ref>
Gray was born in [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina]], on February 6, 1943. His father, [[Gordon Gray (politician)|Gordon Gray]], was a lawyer who served as [[National Security Advisor (United States)|U.S. National Security Advisor]] under President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]. Gray's grandfather, [[Bowman Gray Sr.]], was the president of the [[R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company]].<ref name = Lazo>{{cite news|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2023/05/21/c-boyden-gray-white-house-counsel-president-ghw-bush-dies-80/|title = C. Boyden Gray, White House counsel to President G.H.W. Bush, dies at 80|newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]|date = May 21, 2023|accessdate = May 21, 2023|last = Lazo|first = Luz|url-access = limited}}</ref>


Gray attended [[Fay School]] and [[St. Mark's School (Massachusetts)|St. Mark's School]] in [[Southborough, Massachusetts]]. He graduated ''[[magna cum laude]]'' from [[Harvard University]] in 1964, where he wrote for ''[[The Harvard Crimson]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=McCombs |first=Phil |date=March 31, 1989 |title=THE DISTANT DRUM OF C. BOYDEN GRAY |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1989/03/31/the-distant-drum-of-c-boyden-gray/2076c120-ca1f-4753-bc50-7eb8d322cb3b/?noredirect=on |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=October 3, 2018 }}</ref> He also served as a sergeant in the [[United States Marine Corps Reserve]] from 1965 to 1970.<ref name = Lazo/>
Gray attended [[Fay School]] and [[St. Mark's School (Massachusetts)|St. Mark's School]] in [[Southborough, Massachusetts]]. He graduated ''[[magna cum laude]]'' from [[Harvard University]] in 1964, where he wrote for ''[[The Harvard Crimson]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=McCombs |first=Phil |date=March 31, 1989 |title=THE DISTANT DRUM OF C. BOYDEN GRAY |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1989/03/31/the-distant-drum-of-c-boyden-gray/2076c120-ca1f-4753-bc50-7eb8d322cb3b/?noredirect=on |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=October 3, 2018 }}</ref> He also served as a sergeant in the [[United States Marine Corps Reserve]] from 1965 to 1970.<ref name = Lazo/>
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==Career==
==Career==
[[File:George H. W. Bush and C. Boyden Gray.jpg|thumb|left|Gray with President [[George H. W. Bush]] in 1989]]
[[File:George H. W. Bush and C. Boyden Gray.jpg|thumb|left|Gray with President [[George H. W. Bush]] in 1989]]
After graduation, Gray clerked for Supreme Court Chief Justice [[Earl Warren]].<ref name = Traub>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/21/obituaries/c-boyden-gray-dead.html|title = C. Boyden Gray, Lawyer for the Republican Establishment, Dies at 80|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|date = May 21, 2023|accessdate = May 21, 2023|last = Traub|first = Alex|url-access = limited}}</ref> In 1968, he joined the firm of Wilmer Cutler & Pickering (now [[Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr]]), and became a partner in 1976.<ref name = Lazo/> Gray took a leave of absence from the firm in 1981 to serve as legal counsel for Vice President [[George H. W. Bush]]. He also served as counsel to the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief, chaired by Vice President Bush. Gray later served as Director of the Office of Transition Counsel for the Bush transition team, and as counsel to President Bush from 1989 to 1993. During this time, Gray became one of the main architects of the 1990 [[Clean Air Act (United States)|Clean Air Act]] Amendments that suggested market solutions for environmental problems. In 1993, Bush awarded him the [[Presidential Citizens Medal]].<ref>[http://www.awardsandhonors.com/award/presidentialcitizensmedal.html Awards and Honors.com]</ref>
After graduation, Gray clerked for Supreme Court Chief Justice [[Earl Warren]].<ref name = Traub>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/21/obituaries/c-boyden-gray-dead.html|title = C. Boyden Gray, Lawyer for the Republican Establishment, Dies at 80|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|date = May 21, 2023|accessdate = May 21, 2023|last = Traub|first = Alex|url-access = limited}}</ref> In 1968, he joined the firm of Wilmer Cutler & Pickering (now [[Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr]]), and became a partner in 1976.<ref name = Lazo/> Once a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], Gray switched to the Republican Party by the end of the 1970s, due to his opposition to [[Jimmy Carter]]'s presidency.<ref name = Traub/>


Gray took a leave of absence from the firm in 1981 to serve as legal counsel for Vice President [[George H. W. Bush]]. He also served as counsel to the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief, chaired by Vice President Bush. Gray later served as Director of the Office of Transition Counsel for the Bush transition team, and as counsel to President Bush from 1989 to 1993. During this time, Gray became one of the main architects of the 1990 [[Clean Air Act (United States)|Clean Air Act]] Amendments that suggested market solutions for environmental problems. In 1993, Bush awarded him the [[Presidential Citizens Medal]].
⚫
He returned to Wilmer Cutler & Pickering in 1993, where his practice focused on a range of regulatory matters with an emphasis on environmental issues, including those relating to [[biotechnology]], trade, clean air, and the management of risk. He also served as chairman of the section of Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice of the [[American Bar Association]]. Gray also served as co-chairman with former Majority Leader [[Dick Armey]] of [[FreedomWorks]].

⚫
Gray returned to Wilmer Cutler & Pickering in 1993, where his practice focused on a range of regulatory matters with an emphasis on environmental issues, including those relating to [[biotechnology]], trade, clean air, and the management of risk. He also served as chairman of the section of Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice of the [[American Bar Association]]. Gray also served as co-chairman with former Majority Leader [[Dick Armey]] of [[FreedomWorks]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thepresidency.org/c-boyden-gray|title=C. Boyden Gray|website=Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress}}</ref>


Gray served on the Bush-Cheney Transition Department of Justice Advisory Committee. In 2002, he founded the Committee for Justice, a Washington, DC-based nonprofit dedicated to screening judicial and [[US Justice Department]] nominees.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.committeeforjustice.org/about|title=The Committee for Justice – Official Site|website=The Committee for Justice - Official Site|access-date=May 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/23/AR2005052301640.html|title=A Moving Force In Fight for Bush's Judicial Nominees|last=Birnbaum|first=Jeffrey H.|date=May 24, 2005|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=May 9, 2017|language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
Gray served on the Bush-Cheney Transition Department of Justice Advisory Committee. In 2002, he founded the Committee for Justice, a Washington, DC-based nonprofit dedicated to screening judicial and [[US Justice Department]] nominees.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.committeeforjustice.org/about|title=The Committee for Justice – Official Site|website=The Committee for Justice - Official Site|access-date=May 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/23/AR2005052301640.html|title=A Moving Force In Fight for Bush's Judicial Nominees|last=Birnbaum|first=Jeffrey H.|date=May 24, 2005|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=May 9, 2017|language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>


In January 2006, President [[George W. Bush]] gave him a [[recess appointment]] as [[United States Ambassador to the European Union]].<ref>[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/01/20060117-4.html ''Personnel Announcement''] – President George W. Bush, January 19, 2006; [http://www.wilmerhale.com/about/news/newsDetail.aspx?news=601 WilmerHale announcement] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060317122840/http://www.wilmerhale.com/about/news/newsDetail.aspx?news=601 |date=March 17, 2006 }}</ref> He took a leave of absence from the law firm of [[Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr]] to accept that position. When Gray emerged as Bush's preferred candidate for the post of the US's ambassador to the EU in July 2005,<ref>[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/07/20050725-6.html "Personnel Announcement"], President George W. Bush, July 25, 2008.</ref> the potential nomination deeply perturbed [[Open-source license|open source]] advocates, who viewed his ties to [[Microsoft]] with suspicion.<ref>[http://management.silicon.com/government/0,39024677,39151152,00.htm "Bush's man in Europe slammed as Microsoft ally"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050811005538/http://management.silicon.com/government/0,39024677,39151152,00.htm |date=August 11, 2005 }}, ''Silicon.com'', August 5, 2005. </ref>
In January 2006, President [[George W. Bush]] gave him a [[recess appointment]] as [[United States Ambassador to the European Union]].<ref>[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/01/20060117-4.html ''Personnel Announcement''] – President George W. Bush, January 19, 2006; [http://www.wilmerhale.com/about/news/newsDetail.aspx?news=601 WilmerHale announcement] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060317122840/http://www.wilmerhale.com/about/news/newsDetail.aspx?news=601 |date=March 17, 2006 }}</ref> He took a leave of absence from the law firm of [[Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr]] to accept that position. When Gray emerged as Bush's preferred candidate for the post of the United States' ambassador to the EU in July 2005,<ref>[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/07/20050725-6.html "Personnel Announcement"], President George W. Bush, July 25, 2008.</ref> the potential nomination deeply perturbed [[Open-source license|open source]] advocates, who viewed his ties to [[Microsoft]] with suspicion.<ref>[http://management.silicon.com/government/0,39024677,39151152,00.htm "Bush's man in Europe slammed as Microsoft ally"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050811005538/http://management.silicon.com/government/0,39024677,39151152,00.htm |date=August 11, 2005 }}, ''Silicon.com'', August 5, 2005. </ref>


Gray's last government position was as Special Envoy for European Affairs and [[Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy]] at the Mission of the United States to the [[European Union]], having been nominated by [[United States Secretary of State]] [[Condoleezza Rice]] on January 11, 2008. On March 31, the [[White House]] announced his appointment to the additional post of Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy.<ref>[http://useu.usmission.gov/About_The_Ambassador/default.asp ''About the US Special Envoy for European Affairs''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230090642/http://useu.usmission.gov/About_The_Ambassador/default.asp |date=December 30, 2006 }}</ref> He was a fundraiser for [[Donald Trump]], the last Republican president of his lifetime, and was part of a legal team Trump formed after the [[2020 United States presidential election]].<ref name = Traub/>
Gray's last government position was as Special Envoy for European Affairs and [[Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy]] at the Mission of the United States to the [[European Union]], having been nominated by [[United States Secretary of State]] [[Condoleezza Rice]] on January 11, 2008. On March 31, the [[White House]] announced his appointment to the additional post of Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://useu.usmission.gov/About_The_Ambassador/default.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230090642/http://useu.usmission.gov/About_The_Ambassador/default.asp|url-status=dead|title=About the US Special Envoy for European Affairs|archivedate=December 30, 2006}}</ref> He was a fundraiser for [[Donald Trump]], the last Republican president of his lifetime, and was part of a legal team Trump formed after the [[2020 United States presidential election]].<ref name = Traub/>


He was a member of the board of directors at the [[Atlantic Council]], [[The European Institute]], [[FreedomWorks]] and America Abroad Media.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://americaabroadmedia.org/user/47/James_K._Glassman |title=James K. Glassman &#124; AMERICA ABROAD MEDIA |access-date=June 16, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716203739/http://americaabroadmedia.org/user/47/James_K._Glassman |archive-date=July 16, 2014 }}</ref> In addition, Gray was also a member of the [[Federalist Society]], [[Harvard University]]'s Committee on University Development, the Board of Trustees of the Washington Scholarship Fund, St. Mark's School, and [[National Cathedral School]].<ref name=FW01>{{cite web| title=About FreedomWorks: Board of Directors|publisher=[[FreedomWorks]]|access-date=December 26, 2012|url=http://www.freedomworks.org/about/board-of-directors}}</ref><ref name="Federalist Society">{{cite web|title=C. Boyden Gray |url=http://www.mediatransparency.org/personprofile.php?personID=98| publisher=Media Transparency|year=2005|access-date=May 11, 2008 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011001543/http://www.mediatransparency.org/personprofile.php?personID=98 |archive-date=October 11, 2007}}</ref>
Gray was a member of the board of directors at the [[Atlantic Council]], [[The European Institute]], [[FreedomWorks]], and America Abroad Media.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://americaabroadmedia.org/user/47/James_K._Glassman |title=James K. Glassman &#124; AMERICA ABROAD MEDIA |access-date=June 16, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716203739/http://americaabroadmedia.org/user/47/James_K._Glassman |archive-date=July 16, 2014 }}</ref> In addition, Gray was also a member of the [[Federalist Society]], [[Harvard University]]'s Committee on University Development, the Board of Trustees of the Washington Scholarship Fund, St. Mark's School, and [[National Cathedral School]].<ref name=FW01>{{cite web| title=About FreedomWorks: Board of Directors|publisher=[[FreedomWorks]]|access-date=December 26, 2012|url=http://www.freedomworks.org/about/board-of-directors}}</ref><ref name="Federalist Society">{{cite web|title=C. Boyden Gray |url=http://www.mediatransparency.org/personprofile.php?personID=98| publisher=Media Transparency|year=2005|access-date=May 11, 2008 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011001543/http://www.mediatransparency.org/personprofile.php?personID=98 |archive-date=October 11, 2007}}</ref>


==Personal life and death==
==Personal life and death==
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== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Portal|Biography|Politics}}
* {{Portal inline|Biography}}
* {{Portal inline|Politics}}
* [[List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Chief Justice)]]
* [[List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Chief Justice)]]
{{Clear}}


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/60348.htm |title=United States Department of State: Biography of C. Boyden Gray |access-date=December 15, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109011719/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/60348.htm |archive-date=January 9, 2008 }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/60348.htm |title=United States Department of State: Biography of C. Boyden Gray |access-date=December 15, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109011719/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/60348.htm |archive-date=January 9, 2008 }}
*[https://www.desmogblog.com/c-boyden-gray Desmog Blog Biography of C. Boyden Gray]
*[https://www.desmogblog.com/c-boyden-gray Desmog Blog Biography of C. Boyden Gray]
* {{C-SPAN|5989}}
* {{C-SPAN|5989}}
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{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-legal}}
{{s-legal}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Arthur B. Culvahouse, Jr.|Arthur Culvahouse]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Arthur B. Culvahouse Jr.|Arthur Culvahouse]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[White House Counsel]]|years=1989–1993}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[White House Counsel]]|years=1989–1993}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Bernard Nussbaum]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Bernard Nussbaum]]}}
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{{s-aft|after=[[Richard Morningstar]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Richard Morningstar]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}

{{White House Counsels}}
{{White House Counsels}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Fay School alumni]]
[[Category:Fay School alumni]]
[[Category:Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States]]
[[Category:Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States]]
[[Category:North Carolina Republicans]]
[[Category:Military personnel from North Carolina]]
[[Category:North Carolina lawyers]]
[[Category:North Carolina lawyers]]
[[Category:North Carolina Republicans]]
[[Category:People from Chapel Hill, North Carolina]]
[[Category:People from Chapel Hill, North Carolina]]
[[Category:People from Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)]]
[[Category:People from Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)]]
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[[Category:The Harvard Crimson people]]
[[Category:The Harvard Crimson people]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps reservists]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps reservists]]
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[[Category:United States Special Envoys]]
[[Category:United States presidential advisors]]
[[Category:United States presidential advisors]]
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[[Category:United States Special Envoys]]
[[Category:University of North Carolina School of Law alumni]]
[[Category:University of North Carolina School of Law alumni]]
[[Category:Washington, D.C., Republicans]]
[[Category:Washington, D.C., Republicans]]

Latest revision as of 08:50, 3 January 2024

C. Boyden Gray
Official portrait, 2006
United States Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy
In office
March 31, 2008 – January 20, 2009
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byRichard Morningstar
United States Special Envoy for European Affairs
In office
January 11, 2008 – January 20, 2009
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byPosition abolished
United States Ambassador to the European Union
In office
January 20, 2006 – December 31, 2007
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byRockwell A. Schnabel
Succeeded byKristen Silverberg
White House Counsel
In office
January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993
PresidentGeorge H. W. Bush
Preceded byArthur B. Culvahouse Jr.
Succeeded byBernard Nussbaum
Personal details
Born
Clayland Boyden Gray

(1943-02-06)February 6, 1943
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.
DiedMay 21, 2023(2023-05-21) (aged 80)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
Carol Taylor
​
​
(m. 1984; div. 1998)​
Children1
Parent
Relatives
Education

Clayland Boyden Gray (February 6, 1943 – May 21, 2023) was an American lawyer and diplomat who served as White House Counsel from 1981 to 1993 and as U.S. Ambassador to the European Union from 2006 to 2007.[1][2][3] He was a founding partner of the Washington, D.C.–based law firm Boyden Gray & Associates LLP.[4]

Early life and education

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Gray was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, on February 6, 1943. His father, Gordon Gray, was a lawyer who served as U.S. National Security Advisor under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Gray's grandfather, Bowman Gray Sr., was the president of the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company.[5]

Gray attended Fay School and St. Mark's School in Southborough, Massachusetts. He graduated magna cum laude from Harvard University in 1964, where he wrote for The Harvard Crimson.[6] He also served as a sergeant in the United States Marine Corps Reserve from 1965 to 1970.[5]

Gray then attended the University of North Carolina School of Law, where he served as editor-in-chief of the North Carolina Law Review and graduated with high honors in 1968.[5]

Career

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Gray with President George H. W. Bush in 1989

After graduation, Gray clerked for Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren.[7] In 1968, he joined the firm of Wilmer Cutler & Pickering (now Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr), and became a partner in 1976.[5] Once a Democrat, Gray switched to the Republican Party by the end of the 1970s, due to his opposition to Jimmy Carter's presidency.[7]

Gray took a leave of absence from the firm in 1981 to serve as legal counsel for Vice President George H. W. Bush. He also served as counsel to the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief, chaired by Vice President Bush. Gray later served as Director of the Office of Transition Counsel for the Bush transition team, and as counsel to President Bush from 1989 to 1993. During this time, Gray became one of the main architects of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments that suggested market solutions for environmental problems. In 1993, Bush awarded him the Presidential Citizens Medal.

Gray returned to Wilmer Cutler & Pickering in 1993, where his practice focused on a range of regulatory matters with an emphasis on environmental issues, including those relating to biotechnology, trade, clean air, and the management of risk. He also served as chairman of the section of Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice of the American Bar Association. Gray also served as co-chairman with former Majority Leader Dick Armey of FreedomWorks.[8]

Gray served on the Bush-Cheney Transition Department of Justice Advisory Committee. In 2002, he founded the Committee for Justice, a Washington, DC-based nonprofit dedicated to screening judicial and US Justice Department nominees.[9][10]

In January 2006, President George W. Bush gave him a recess appointment as United States Ambassador to the European Union.[11] He took a leave of absence from the law firm of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr to accept that position. When Gray emerged as Bush's preferred candidate for the post of the United States' ambassador to the EU in July 2005,[12] the potential nomination deeply perturbed open source advocates, who viewed his ties to Microsoft with suspicion.[13]

Gray's last government position was as Special Envoy for European Affairs and Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy at the Mission of the United States to the European Union, having been nominated by United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice on January 11, 2008. On March 31, the White House announced his appointment to the additional post of Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy.[14] He was a fundraiser for Donald Trump, the last Republican president of his lifetime, and was part of a legal team Trump formed after the 2020 United States presidential election.[7]

Gray was a member of the board of directors at the Atlantic Council, The European Institute, FreedomWorks, and America Abroad Media.[15] In addition, Gray was also a member of the Federalist Society, Harvard University's Committee on University Development, the Board of Trustees of the Washington Scholarship Fund, St. Mark's School, and National Cathedral School.[4][16]

Personal life and death

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Gray married Carol Taylor in 1984; they had a daughter and later divorced.[5] He died from heart failure at his home in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., on May 21, 2023, at the age of 80.[7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "C(layland) Boyden Gray". Almanac of Famous People. Gale, 2011. Gale Biography In Context. Web. October 16, 2012. Document URL Gale Document Number: GALE|K1601042793.
  2. ^ "Carol Taylor has nuptials". The New York Times. December 16, 1984. p. A94. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
  3. ^ Fritz, Sara (August 2, 1998). "C. Boyden Gray On Clinton's Conduct as President and Starr's as Independent Counsel". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  4. ^ a b "About FreedomWorks: Board of Directors". FreedomWorks. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d e Lazo, Luz (May 21, 2023). "C. Boyden Gray, White House counsel to President G.H.W. Bush, dies at 80". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 21, 2023.
  6. ^ McCombs, Phil (March 31, 1989). "THE DISTANT DRUM OF C. BOYDEN GRAY". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d Traub, Alex (May 21, 2023). "C. Boyden Gray, Lawyer for the Republican Establishment, Dies at 80". The New York Times. Retrieved May 21, 2023.
  8. ^ "C. Boyden Gray". Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress.
  9. ^ "The Committee for Justice – Official Site". The Committee for Justice - Official Site. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  10. ^ Birnbaum, Jeffrey H. (May 24, 2005). "A Moving Force In Fight for Bush's Judicial Nominees". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  11. ^ Personnel Announcement – President George W. Bush, January 19, 2006; WilmerHale announcement Archived March 17, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Personnel Announcement", President George W. Bush, July 25, 2008.
  13. ^ "Bush's man in Europe slammed as Microsoft ally" Archived August 11, 2005, at the Wayback Machine, Silicon.com, August 5, 2005.
  14. ^ "About the US Special Envoy for European Affairs". Archived from the original on December 30, 2006.
  15. ^ "James K. Glassman | AMERICA ABROAD MEDIA". Archived from the original on July 16, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  16. ^ "C. Boyden Gray". Media Transparency. 2005. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved May 11, 2008.
[edit]
Legal offices
Preceded by White House Counsel
1989–1993 		Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by United States Ambassador to the European Union
2006–2007 		Succeeded by
New office United States Special Envoy for Special Envoy for European Affairs
2008–2009 		Position abolished
United States Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy
2008–2009 		Succeeded by
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