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==History==
==History==
During the [[First Jewish revolt|Jewish uprising]] against Rome in 65 [[Common Era|CE]], a place called ''Gerasa'' ({{Lang-he-n|''Ǧeraš'' / גרש}}) in Judea (distinguished from [[Jerash]] in Transjordan) was overrun by the troops of [[Vespasian]], who taking the town, slew of its able-bodied men, and took captive their families. Afterwards, the Roman soldiers with their auxiliaries proceeded to set fire to their houses and to the houses in the adjoining villages, until war had gone through all the mountainous country.<ref>[[:he:יעקב נפתלי שמחוני|Jacob N. Simchoni]] (1884-1926), in ''The History of the War of the Jews with the Romans'', Masada publishers: Ramat-Gan 1968, p. 545, s.v. '''גרש'''(b) (Hebrew, reprint of 1923 edition), where he cites [[Josephus]] (''[[The Jewish War]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0148%3Abook%3D4%3Awhiston+chapter%3D9%3Awhiston+section%3D1 4.9.1]) and where he makes a distinction between ''Gerasa'' ({{lang-gr|Γέρασα}}) of Judea and ''Gerasa'' of Transjordan.</ref>

The area immediately to the west of Jarash, as one descends into the valley below, is marked by several very old agricultural terraces, built of large stones. Their use was to retain the top soil and to prevent the soil run-off from heavy rains. The nearby grounds are strewn with potsherds; evidence of an early settlement. To the east of the village lay ''Khirbat Sira'', which is identified with a Mamluk/[[Ottoman empire|Ottoman]] village.<ref>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 154</ref>
The area immediately to the west of Jarash, as one descends into the valley below, is marked by several very old agricultural terraces, built of large stones. Their use was to retain the top soil and to prevent the soil run-off from heavy rains. The nearby grounds are strewn with potsherds; evidence of an early settlement. To the east of the village lay ''Khirbat Sira'', which is identified with a Mamluk/[[Ottoman empire|Ottoman]] village.<ref>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 154</ref>
===Ottoman era===
===Ottoman era===

Revision as of 20:40, 17 November 2018

Template:Infobox former Arab villages in Palestine Jarash (Arabic: جرش) was a Palestinian village that was depopulated over the course of 1948 Arab-Israeli war. Located 25 kilometers west of Jerusalem, Jarash was a wholly Arab village of 220 inhabitants in 1948. The village was built of stone houses on the spur of a hill, 411 metres (1,348 ft) above sea-level, and lay about 1 km. eastward of the traffic circle opposite Moshav Zanoah, on regional road 3855 that bypasses Beit Shemesh to its east, and which road runs in a northerly-southerly direction along Wadi en Najil (now called Naḥal Zanoah). The immediate region to the west of the site of Jarash, upon two hills separated by a valley, grew orchards belonging to the village inhabitants consisting of carobs, figs, almonds and olives. Cave dwellings dot the landscape of this region.

History

The area immediately to the west of Jarash, as one descends into the valley below, is marked by several very old agricultural terraces, built of large stones. Their use was to retain the top soil and to prevent the soil run-off from heavy rains. The nearby grounds are strewn with potsherds; evidence of an early settlement. To the east of the village lay Khirbat Sira, which is identified with a Mamluk/Ottoman village.[1]

Ottoman era

In 1838 Jerash was noted as a Muslim village, located in district of el-Arkub, southwest of Jerusalem.[2][3]

In 1863 Victor Guérin found Jarash to have 25 inhabitants.[4] An Ottoman village list from about 1870 found that the village had a population of 53, in a total of 13 houses, though the population count included men, only.[5][6]

In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Jarash was described as a village built on the spur of a hill with olive trees growing below it.[7]

In 1896 the population of Dscherasch was estimated to be about 105 persons.[8]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Jarash had a population 115, all Muslims,[9] increasing in the 1931 census to 164, still all Muslim, in a total of 33 houses.[10]

In the 1945 statistics the population was 190, all Muslims,[11] while the total land area was 3,518 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[12] Of this, 5 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 1,335 for cereals,[13] while 5 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[14]

1948 and aftermath

Following the war, the area was incorporated into the State of Israel. The town's land was left undeveloped, though Zanoah was founded in 1950, about 2 km west of the village site.[15]

Walid Khalidi writes of Jarash in 1992:

"The site is overgrown with grass, interspersed with the debris of destroyed houses and stones from the terraces. The ruins of a cemetery lie northwest of the site. Groves of trees cover two hills to the west of the site that are separated by a valley. Carob, fig, almond, and olive trees grow on these hills."[15]

  • General view of ruins of Jarash
    General view of ruins of Jarash
  • Razed structures in Jarash
    Razed structures in Jarash
  • View as seen from Jarash, looking toward Moshav Zanoah
    View as seen from Jarash, looking toward Moshav Zanoah
  • Cave entrance in the vicinity of Jarash
    Cave entrance in the vicinity of Jarash
  • Cave in the vicinity of Jarash
    Cave in the vicinity of Jarash
  • Near Jarash, a cave bearing a human skeleton
    Near Jarash, a cave bearing a human skeleton
  • Rock-cut cistern near Jarash
    Rock-cut cistern near Jarash

See also

References

  1. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 154
  2. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 126
  3. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. 342
  4. ^ Guérin, 1869, p. 322
  5. ^ Socin, 1879, p. 153
  6. ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 145, also noted 13 houses
  7. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, III:25. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 296
  8. ^ Schick, 1896, p. 123
  9. ^ Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Hebron, p. 10
  10. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 20
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference 1945p24 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hadawi57 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 102
  14. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 152
  15. ^ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 297

Bibliography

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