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{{Infobox Person
| name = Jules Crevaux
| image = Jules Crevaux.jpg
| occupation = [[France|French]] doctor and explorer
| caption = Bust of Jules Crevaux in [[Nancy]]
| birth_date = April 1, 1847
| birth_place = [[Lorquin]], [[France]]
| death_date = April 27, 1882
| death_place = [[Bolivia]]
| nationality = [[France|French]]
}}

'''Jules Crevaux''' was a [[France|French]] doctor, soldier, and explorer. He is known for his multiple explorations into the interior of [[French Guiana]] and the [[Amazon]].

== Biography ==

Jules Crevaux was born on April 1, 1847 in the north-eastern [[France|French]] town of [[Lorquin]]. He began to study medicine at the [[University of Strasbourg]] before being transferred to the French Navy's medical school at [[Brest, France|Brest]]. In 1868 he was assigned to the ''Cérès'' as a medical assistant and served in [[Senegal]], the [[French West Indies]] and [[French Guiana]]. At the beginning of the [[Franco-Prussian War]] in 1870, he volunteered to serve as a marine. He was sent to the [[Loire Valley]] where he was wounded and captured by [[Prussia|Prussian]] forces on December 17, 1870. He escaped soon after and was wounded again on January 24 1871.

Following the war, he completed his medical studies and was granted his M.D.. He was appointed as chief physician on the ''La Motte-Piquet.'' He was sent to the colony of [[French Guiana]] in 1876.

The interior of [[French Guiana]] was virtually unknown and Crevaux decided to lead an exploration into its depths. On July 8, 1877 Crevaux traveled up the [[Maroni (river)|Maroni River]] where he encountered the [[Kali'na people|Galibi]] and the [[Aluku|Bonis]]. He left the [[Maroni (river)|Maroni]] to follow a tributary, the [[Litani (Maroni)|Itany River]], along the way he visited the [[Wayana|Roucouyenne]] and then followed an [[Emerillon]] trail over the spine of the [[Tumuk Humak Mountains]]. He descended the other side of the mountains to the [[Jari River]], a tributary of the Amazon. By December of 1877 he had reached the [[Brazil|Brazilian]] city of [[Belém]]. He was nearly naked and had lost or used most of his possesions, and was believed by the [[Brazil|Brazilian]] inhabitants to be an escaped French prisoner and was refused any help. He was eventually aided by a fellow Frenchman who bought him passage on a ship back to France. Upon returning to [[France]], Crevaux gave an account of his journey to the [[Société de Géographie]] and was made a "Knight" of the [[Légion d'honneur]].

Crevaux returned to [[French Guiana]] in August of 1878. He set out once again into the interior of [[French Guiana]], this time he traveled up the [[Oyapock|Oyapock River]] to its source and again crossed the [[Tumuk Humak Mountains]], near his modern namesake, Crevaux Peak. He reached the [[Jari River]] again and traveled west up the [[Paru River]] and then came back down the [[Amazon River|Amazon]]. In November of 1878 he arrived in [[Belém]] again. Crevaux soon left again up the [[Amazon River|Amazon]] to explore the [[Japurá River]]. He collected many biological specimans along the trip and returned to [[France]] where he was awarded the Gold Medal of the [[Société de Géographie]].

Crevaux was sent on a third expedition with a group of scientists with the purpose of collecting botanical specimens in [[South America]]. The group traveled up the [[Magdalena River]], crossed the [[Andes]] and descended the [[Guaviare River]] to the [[Orinoco|Orinoco River]], spending almost six months exploring the region. In March, 1881 he returned to [[France]] and was made an "Officer" of the [[Légion d'honneur]].

Crevaux was asked to undertake a fourth expedition, this time to explore the boundries of the [[Amazon River|Amazon]] and [[Paraguay River|Paraguay]] river basins. He arrived in [[Argentina]] in December of 1881 and was asked, by representatives of the [[Bolivia|Bolivian]] government, to explore the upper course of the [[Pilcomayo River]]. The expedition was transported to the [[Bolivia|Bolivian]] border and granted the services of two marines for protection. The party reached the [[Bolivia|Bolivian]] town of [[Tarija, Bolivia|Tarija]] by March of 1882. Here the party picked up a [[Toba people|Toba]] guide girl named Yella Petrona, who agreed to guide the party through her people's territory. The expedition continued to the settlement of Caiza and found that the people of Caiza were at war with the [[Toba people|Tobas]]. Despite the conflict, Crevaux decided to press forward and on April 19, 1882 Crevaux's party left Caiza to travel up the [[Pilcomayo River|Pilcomayo]]. On April 27, 1882, Crevaux's party was invited to shore to eat with a group of [[Toba people|Tobas]] where the expedition was ambushed and Crevaux was clubbed to death. In 1886 another French explorer, Arthur Thouar, found Yella Petrona and Crevaux's killers. Petrona admitted to telling the [[Toba people|Tobas]] that Crevaux had come un-armed to take the [[Toba people|Toba's]] fishing rights away, this led to the attack.

== References ==

{{Reflist}}
*Baker, Daniel B. ed. (1993) ''Explorers and Discoverers of the World.'' Detroit MI: Gale Research Inc..
*Goodman, Edward J. (1992) ''The Explorers of South America.'' Norman OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
*La Gazette des Français du Paraguay, ''Jules Crevaux Exporateur aux Pieds Nus/Jules Crevaux Exporador Descalzo.'' n°12, année I, Asuncion, Paraguay.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Crevaux, Jules}}
[[Category:1847 births]]
[[Category:1882 deaths]]
[[Category:History of French Guiana]]
[[Category:Explorers of South America]]
{{Persondata
| NAME =Crevaux, Jules
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = explorer
| DATE OF BIRTH = April 1, 1847
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Lorquin, France
| DATE OF DEATH = April 28, 1882
| PLACE OF DEATH = French Guinea
}}

[[Category:1847 births]]
[[Category:1882 deaths]]

Revision as of 13:06, 1 March 2014


Jules Crevaux
Bust of Jules Crevaux in Nancy
BornApril 1, 1847
DiedApril 27, 1882
NationalityFrench
Occupation(s)French doctor and explorer

Jules Crevaux was a French doctor, soldier, and explorer. He is known for his multiple explorations into the interior of French Guiana and the Amazon.

Biography

Jules Crevaux was born on April 1, 1847 in the north-eastern French town of Lorquin. He began to study medicine at the University of Strasbourg before being transferred to the French Navy's medical school at Brest. In 1868 he was assigned to the Cérès as a medical assistant and served in Senegal, the French West Indies and French Guiana. At the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, he volunteered to serve as a marine. He was sent to the Loire Valley where he was wounded and captured by Prussian forces on December 17, 1870. He escaped soon after and was wounded again on January 24 1871.

Following the war, he completed his medical studies and was granted his M.D.. He was appointed as chief physician on the La Motte-Piquet. He was sent to the colony of French Guiana in 1876.

The interior of French Guiana was virtually unknown and Crevaux decided to lead an exploration into its depths. On July 8, 1877 Crevaux traveled up the Maroni River where he encountered the Galibi and the Bonis. He left the Maroni to follow a tributary, the Itany River, along the way he visited the Roucouyenne and then followed an Emerillon trail over the spine of the Tumuk Humak Mountains. He descended the other side of the mountains to the Jari River, a tributary of the Amazon. By December of 1877 he had reached the Brazilian city of Belém. He was nearly naked and had lost or used most of his possesions, and was believed by the Brazilian inhabitants to be an escaped French prisoner and was refused any help. He was eventually aided by a fellow Frenchman who bought him passage on a ship back to France. Upon returning to France, Crevaux gave an account of his journey to the Société de Géographie and was made a "Knight" of the Légion d'honneur.

Crevaux returned to French Guiana in August of 1878. He set out once again into the interior of French Guiana, this time he traveled up the Oyapock River to its source and again crossed the Tumuk Humak Mountains, near his modern namesake, Crevaux Peak. He reached the Jari River again and traveled west up the Paru River and then came back down the Amazon. In November of 1878 he arrived in Belém again. Crevaux soon left again up the Amazon to explore the Japurá River. He collected many biological specimans along the trip and returned to France where he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Société de Géographie.

Crevaux was sent on a third expedition with a group of scientists with the purpose of collecting botanical specimens in South America. The group traveled up the Magdalena River, crossed the Andes and descended the Guaviare River to the Orinoco River, spending almost six months exploring the region. In March, 1881 he returned to France and was made an "Officer" of the Légion d'honneur.

Crevaux was asked to undertake a fourth expedition, this time to explore the boundries of the Amazon and Paraguay river basins. He arrived in Argentina in December of 1881 and was asked, by representatives of the Bolivian government, to explore the upper course of the Pilcomayo River. The expedition was transported to the Bolivian border and granted the services of two marines for protection. The party reached the Bolivian town of Tarija by March of 1882. Here the party picked up a Toba guide girl named Yella Petrona, who agreed to guide the party through her people's territory. The expedition continued to the settlement of Caiza and found that the people of Caiza were at war with the Tobas. Despite the conflict, Crevaux decided to press forward and on April 19, 1882 Crevaux's party left Caiza to travel up the Pilcomayo. On April 27, 1882, Crevaux's party was invited to shore to eat with a group of Tobas where the expedition was ambushed and Crevaux was clubbed to death. In 1886 another French explorer, Arthur Thouar, found Yella Petrona and Crevaux's killers. Petrona admitted to telling the Tobas that Crevaux had come un-armed to take the Toba's fishing rights away, this led to the attack.

References

  • Baker, Daniel B. ed. (1993) Explorers and Discoverers of the World. Detroit MI: Gale Research Inc..
  • Goodman, Edward J. (1992) The Explorers of South America. Norman OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
  • La Gazette des Français du Paraguay, Jules Crevaux Exporateur aux Pieds Nus/Jules Crevaux Exporador Descalzo. n°12, année I, Asuncion, Paraguay.

Template:Persondata