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The '''Kiev pogrom''' of [[October 18]]-[[October 20]] ([[October 31]]-[[November 2]], [[1905]], [[New Style|N.S.]]) |
The '''Kiev pogrom''' of [[October 18]]-[[October 20]] ([[October 31]]-[[November 2]], [[1905]], [[New Style|N.S.]]) was a series of anti-Jewish riots in Kiev during the [[1905 Russian Revolution|Russian Revolution of 1905]]. |
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On October 17, news on [[October Manifesto|October Manifesto]] were recieved in Kiev. On October 18, revolutionary mob occupied [[Kiev University]] building and raised a red flag.<ref>[http://ldn-knigi.lib.ru/JUDAICA/Kontrrev-Pogromi2.djvu ''Materialy k istorii Russkoi kontr-revoliutsii. Pogromy po offitsial'nym dokumentam.''] St. Petersburg. 1908. Vol 1. part 2, p. 291</ref> On the same day, mobs led by bolshevik [[Alexander Schlichter]] occupied Kiev City Duma building, destroyed tsar's portraits and Russian flags, replacing them with red flags. This angered the crowds filling the strets.<ref>''Materialy'', p. 292</ref>. When the unit of dragoons arrived to the Duma, shots were fired from the crowd and surrounding buildings. In the following shootout 7 were killed and 130 wounded.<ref>''Materialy'', p. 292</ref> |
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Consequently, a mob was drawn into the streets. Among the perpetrators were [[monarchists]], [[reactionaries]], [[anti-Semites]], and common [[criminals]], proclaiming that "all Russia's troubles stemmed from the machinations of the [[Jews]] and [[socialists]]." |
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According to William C. Fuller <ref>William C. Fuller, The Foe Within: Fantasies of Treason and the End of Imperial Russia, 2006</ref>, |
According to William C. Fuller <ref>William C. Fuller, The Foe Within: Fantasies of Treason and the End of Imperial Russia, 2006</ref>, |
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{{quote|There ensued the horrific Kiev pogrom of October 18-20 (October 31-November 2), an orgy of looting, rapine, and murder chiefly directed against the factories, shops, homes, and persons of the Jews. This riot claimed the lives of between forty-seven and one hundred people and resulted in serious injury to at least three hundred more as well as the destruction of between 10 and 40 million rubles of property. <ref>Michael F. Hamm, Kiev: A Portrait, 1800-1917, rev. ed. (Princeton, 1995), p.191. (ibidem)</ref>This pogrom and the others that swept southern Russia at approximately the same time were so annihilative that, in the words of [[Simon Dubnow]], taken together they amounted to 'Russia's [[St. Bartholomew]]'s night'.<ref>S.N. Dubnow, History of the Jews in Russia and Poland from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day, trans. I. Friedlander, vol.2 (Philadelphia, 1920; repr., New York, 1972), p.128. (ibidem)</ref>}} |
{{quote|There ensued the horrific Kiev pogrom of October 18-20 (October 31-November 2), an orgy of looting, rapine, and murder chiefly directed against the factories, shops, homes, and persons of the Jews. This riot claimed the lives of between forty-seven and one hundred people and resulted in serious injury to at least three hundred more as well as the destruction of between 10 and 40 million rubles of property. <ref>Michael F. Hamm, Kiev: A Portrait, 1800-1917, rev. ed. (Princeton, 1995), p.191. (ibidem)</ref>This pogrom and the others that swept southern Russia at approximately the same time were so annihilative that, in the words of [[Simon Dubnow]], taken together they amounted to 'Russia's [[St. Bartholomew]]'s night'.<ref>S.N. Dubnow, History of the Jews in Russia and Poland from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day, trans. I. Friedlander, vol.2 (Philadelphia, 1920; repr., New York, 1972), p.128. (ibidem)</ref>}} |
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During the riots almost all shops on [[Khreshchatyk]] and in [[Podol]] district were looted.<ref>''Materialy'', p. 293</ref> |
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The events building up to the Kiev pogrom included a country-wide wave of Jewish pogroms in a number of Russian towns. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia,<ref>Herman Rosenthal Encyclopedia, volume I pg. 347</ref> "anti-Jewish riots (''[[Pogrom]]y'') broke out in [[Elizabethgrad]] (April 27, 28), [[Kiev]] (May 8-11), [[Shpola]] (May 9), [[Ananiev]] (May 9), [[Wasilkov]] (May 10), [[Konotop]] (May 10), and during the following six months, in one hundred and sixty other places of southern Russia...It was clear that the riots were premeditated. To give but one example—a week before the pogrom of Kiev broke out, Von Hubbenet, chief of police of Kiev, warned some of his Jewish friends of the coming riots." |
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In the opinion of “a Russian from Kiev”, published in Prince [[Meshchersky]]’s journal, Grazhdanin (''The Citizen''), as quoted by [[Vladimir Lenin]],<ref>V.I. Lenin, On the Question of National Policy [http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:OYi7eXnf9ZgJ:www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/apr/06b.htm+Kiev+Pogrom+(1905)&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=42&gl=ca]</ref> |
In the opinion of “a Russian from Kiev”, published in Prince [[Meshchersky]]’s journal, Grazhdanin (''The Citizen''), as quoted by [[Vladimir Lenin]],<ref>V.I. Lenin, On the Question of National Policy [http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:OYi7eXnf9ZgJ:www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/apr/06b.htm+Kiev+Pogrom+(1905)&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=42&gl=ca]</ref> |
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{{quote|The atmosphere in which we are living is suffocating; wherever you go there is whispering, plotting; everywhere there is blood lust, everywhere the stench of the informer, everywhere hatred, everywhere mutterings, everywhere groans....}} |
{{quote|The atmosphere in which we are living is suffocating; wherever you go there is whispering, plotting; everywhere there is blood lust, everywhere the stench of the informer, everywhere hatred, everywhere mutterings, everywhere groans....}} |
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In the pogrom, 47 were killed (one quarter of them Jews) and 205 wounded (one third of them Jews).<ref>''Materialy'', p. 293</ref> |
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Historian Shlomo Lambroza, not trusting the police sources, used data from opposition materials and counted 3,103 murdered Jews for the entire country of Russia during the 1905-1906 wave of pogroms.<ref>John Klier, Shlomo Lambroza, Pogroms: Anti-Jewish violence in modern Russian history |
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(Cambridge, 1992): 228, 231.[http://monderusse.revues.org/docannexe4159.html]</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Kiev pogrom (1919)]] |
*[[Kiev pogrom (1919)]] |
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*[[Kiev pogrom (1881)]] |
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*[[Kishinev pogrom]] |
*[[Kishinev pogrom]] |
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* |
*[[Shuliavka Republic]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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*''Kievskii i odesskii pogromy v otchetakh senatorov Turau i Kuzminskago.'' St. Petersburg. 1907. [http://books.google.com/books?id=Tfn1GgAACAAJ&dq=kievskii+turau&hl=ru Google books record] (Report of Senator Turau on the Kiev pogrom.) |
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*Early Twentieth Century Timelines: Russia in Chaos [http://cnparm.home.texas.net/Home.htm] |
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** Turau report was also published in: [http://ldn-knigi.lib.ru/JUDAICA/Kontrrev-Pogromi2.djvu ''Materialy k istorii Russkoi kontr-revoliutsii. Pogromy po offitsial'nym dokumentam.''] St. Petersburg. 1908. Vol 1. part 2, pp 205-296. |
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*William C. Fuller, The Foe Within: Fantasies of Treason and the the End of Imperial Russia, 2006 [http://books.google.com/books?id=2j5pZE18onwC&pg=PT63&lpg=PT63&dq=kiev+pogrom+1905&source=web&ots=XC6jY8Zru0&sig=xjihNaDKqKPXY_RmTbFqkeBgPMA] |
*William C. Fuller, The Foe Within: Fantasies of Treason and the the End of Imperial Russia, 2006 [http://books.google.com/books?id=2j5pZE18onwC&pg=PT63&lpg=PT63&dq=kiev+pogrom+1905&source=web&ots=XC6jY8Zru0&sig=xjihNaDKqKPXY_RmTbFqkeBgPMA] |
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*Michael F. Hamm, Kiev: A Portrait, 1800-1917, rev. ed. (Princeton, 1995), p. |
*Michael F. Hamm, Kiev: A Portrait, 1800-1917, rev. ed. (Princeton, 1995). Chapter VIII, The promise shattered: The October pogrom. p. 189. |
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*S.N. Dubnow, History of the Jews in Russia and Poland from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day, trans. I. Friedlander, vol.2 (Philadelphia, 1920; repr., New York, 1972), p.128. |
*S.N. Dubnow, History of the Jews in Russia and Poland from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day, trans. I. Friedlander, vol.2 (Philadelphia, 1920; repr., New York, 1972), p.128. |
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*Herman Rosenthal Jewish Encyclopedia, volume I page 347 column 1 article "Alexander III., Alexandrovich [http://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0207E&L=ads-l&D=1&P=542] |
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Revision as of 13:35, 25 May 2009
The Kiev pogrom of October 18-October 20 (October 31-November 2, 1905, N.S.) was a series of anti-Jewish riots in Kiev during the Russian Revolution of 1905.
On October 17, news on October Manifesto were recieved in Kiev. On October 18, revolutionary mob occupied Kiev University building and raised a red flag.[1] On the same day, mobs led by bolshevik Alexander Schlichter occupied Kiev City Duma building, destroyed tsar's portraits and Russian flags, replacing them with red flags. This angered the crowds filling the strets.[2]. When the unit of dragoons arrived to the Duma, shots were fired from the crowd and surrounding buildings. In the following shootout 7 were killed and 130 wounded.[3]
Consequently, a mob was drawn into the streets. Among the perpetrators were monarchists, reactionaries, anti-Semites, and common criminals, proclaiming that "all Russia's troubles stemmed from the machinations of the Jews and socialists."
According to William C. Fuller [4],
There ensued the horrific Kiev pogrom of October 18-20 (October 31-November 2), an orgy of looting, rapine, and murder chiefly directed against the factories, shops, homes, and persons of the Jews. This riot claimed the lives of between forty-seven and one hundred people and resulted in serious injury to at least three hundred more as well as the destruction of between 10 and 40 million rubles of property. [5]This pogrom and the others that swept southern Russia at approximately the same time were so annihilative that, in the words of Simon Dubnow, taken together they amounted to 'Russia's St. Bartholomew's night'.[6]
During the riots almost all shops on Khreshchatyk and in Podol district were looted.[7]
In the opinion of “a Russian from Kiev”, published in Prince Meshchersky’s journal, Grazhdanin (The Citizen), as quoted by Vladimir Lenin,[8]
The atmosphere in which we are living is suffocating; wherever you go there is whispering, plotting; everywhere there is blood lust, everywhere the stench of the informer, everywhere hatred, everywhere mutterings, everywhere groans....
In the pogrom, 47 were killed (one quarter of them Jews) and 205 wounded (one third of them Jews).[9]
See also
Notes
- ^ Materialy k istorii Russkoi kontr-revoliutsii. Pogromy po offitsial'nym dokumentam. St. Petersburg. 1908. Vol 1. part 2, p. 291
- ^ Materialy, p. 292
- ^ Materialy, p. 292
- ^ William C. Fuller, The Foe Within: Fantasies of Treason and the End of Imperial Russia, 2006
- ^ Michael F. Hamm, Kiev: A Portrait, 1800-1917, rev. ed. (Princeton, 1995), p.191. (ibidem)
- ^ S.N. Dubnow, History of the Jews in Russia and Poland from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day, trans. I. Friedlander, vol.2 (Philadelphia, 1920; repr., New York, 1972), p.128. (ibidem)
- ^ Materialy, p. 293
- ^ V.I. Lenin, On the Question of National Policy [1]
- ^ Materialy, p. 293
References
- Kievskii i odesskii pogromy v otchetakh senatorov Turau i Kuzminskago. St. Petersburg. 1907. Google books record (Report of Senator Turau on the Kiev pogrom.)
- Turau report was also published in: Materialy k istorii Russkoi kontr-revoliutsii. Pogromy po offitsial'nym dokumentam. St. Petersburg. 1908. Vol 1. part 2, pp 205-296.
- William C. Fuller, The Foe Within: Fantasies of Treason and the the End of Imperial Russia, 2006 [2]
- Michael F. Hamm, Kiev: A Portrait, 1800-1917, rev. ed. (Princeton, 1995). Chapter VIII, The promise shattered: The October pogrom. p. 189.
- S.N. Dubnow, History of the Jews in Russia and Poland from the Earliest Times Until the Present Day, trans. I. Friedlander, vol.2 (Philadelphia, 1920; repr., New York, 1972), p.128.