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Coordinates: 44°10′37″N 81°37′39″W / 44.17689°N 81.62749°W / 44.17689; -81.62749
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{{other uses|KDSS (disambiguation)}}
{{other uses|KDSS (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox school
{{Infobox school
| name = Kincardine & District Secondary School
| name = Kincardine District Senior School
| image =
| image =
| caption =
| caption =
| address = 885 River Lane
| address = 885 River Lane
| city = [[Kincardine, Ontario|Kincardine]]
| city = [[Kincardine, Ontario|Kincardine]]
| province = [[Ontario]]
| province = [[Ontario]]
| postcode = [[Postal codes in Canada|N2Z 2B9]]
| postcode = [[Postal codes in Canada|N2Z 2B9]]
| country = Canada
| country = Canada
| coordinates = {{Coord|44.17689|-81.62749|type:edu_region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|44.17689|-81.62749|type:edu_region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}}
| schooltype = [[High school]]
| schooltype = [[High school]]
| motto = Virtus, Veritas, Victoria
| motto = Virtus, Veritas, Victoria
| motto_translation = Excellence, Truth, Success
| motto_translation = Excellence, Truth, Success
| founded = 1954
| founded = 1954
| schoolboard = [[Bluewater District School Board]]
| schoolboard = [[Bluewater District School Board]]
| principal = Mark Ozorio
| principal = Don Burns
| grades_label = [[Education in Canada#Levels in education|Grades]]
| viceprincipal = Suzanne Kennedy
| grades = 7-12
| grades_label = [[Education in Canada#Levels in education|Grades]]
| enrollment = 510<ref>{{cite web |title=Kincardine District Secondary School (919454) |url=https://www.app.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/sift/schoolProfileSec.asp?SCH_NUMBER=919454&x=11&y=11 |website=Ministry of Education |access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref>
| grades = 9–12
| enrollment_as_of = 2019/2020
| enrollment = 600–650
| language = English
| enrollment_as_of = September 2011
| colours = [[Green]] {{color box|#00502F}} & [[white]] {{color box|#FFFFFF}}
| language = English
| mascot = Dwight the Knight
| colours = [[Green (color)|Green]] {{color box|#00502F}} & [[White (color)|white]] {{color box|#FFFFFF}}
| mascot = Knights
}}
}}


'''Kincardine & District Secondary School''' ('''KDSS''') is a public high school in the town of [[Kincardine, Ontario|Kincardine]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]. It is one of 11 high schools in the [[Bluewater District School Board]].
'''Kincardine District Senior School''' ('''KDSS''') formerly Kincardine & District Secondary School(1951-2019) and Kincardine High School (1876-1951), is a public 7- 12 school<ref name="The Kincardine Independent">{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.on.ca/|title=The Kincardine Independent|date=2019-09-03|website=Kincardine Independent|language=en-CA|access-date=2019-09-18}}</ref> in the town of [[Kincardine, Ontario|Kincardine]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]. It is one of 11 high schools in the [[Bluewater District School Board]].


[[Fraser Institute]] issued the school a 6.6/10 and ranked it at 294th out of 727 Ontario Secondary Schools, and as 4th best in the Bluewater District School Board after Chesley District High School, Peninsula Shores District School, and West Hill Secondary School.<ref name="Fraser Institute">{{cite web|title= Fraser Institute School Report Cards|url=http://ontario.compareschoolrankings.org/secondary/Kincardine_District_Secondary_School/Kincardine/Report_Card.aspx|publisher=Fraser Institute|accessdate=June 22, 2011}}</ref>
[[Fraser Institute]] issued the school a 6.6/10. It ranked 294th out of 727 Ontario Secondary Schools and 4th best in the Bluewater District School Board after Chesley District High School, Peninsula Shores District School, and West Hill Secondary School.<ref name="Fraser Institute">{{cite web|title= Fraser Institute School Report Cards|url=http://ontario.compareschoolrankings.org/secondary/Kincardine_District_Secondary_School/Kincardine/Report_Card.aspx|publisher=Fraser Institute|accessdate=June 22, 2011}}</ref>


The school has 633 full-time students in grades 9 through 12. Originally built in 1953/54, it has been expanded with 6 additions, the last one being finished in 1989. The school colour is green and its motto is "Virtus, Veritas, Victoria," which means "Excellence, Truth, Success".
The school has almost 700 full-time students in grades 7 through 12.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kincardinerecord.com/story.php?id=7978|title=KDSS nearly doubles enrolment with inclusion of Grades 7-8 students|website=Kincardine Record|access-date=2019-09-18}}</ref> Originally built in 1953/54, it has been expanded with six additions, the last being finished in 1989. The school's colour is green, and its motto is "Virtus, Veritas, Victoria," which means "Excellence, Truth, Success."


== History ==
== History ==
In [[Kincardine]], as in most [[:wikt:pioneer|pioneer]] communities, one of the matters of primary consideration was the question of education. The children were at first educated at home, and then in 1851 a public school was opened. The rented frame building was on the river flats near the lake. The teacher, Mrs. Jane Nairn, had 66 students. The original school, Kincardine District High school, was erected in 1876 at the cost of $8,900. When the school opened 80 students attended at the cost of $8.00 a year for in town students and $10.00 a year for rural students.
In [[Kincardine, Ontario|Kincardine]], as in most [[:wikt:pioneer|pioneer]] communities, one of the matters of primary consideration was the question of education. The children were at first educated at home, and then, in 1851, a public school opened. The rented frame building was on the river flats near the lake. The teacher, Mrs. Jane Nairn, had 66 students. The original school, Kincardine District High School, was erected in 1876 at the cost of $8,900 when the school opened, 80 students attended at the cost of $8.00 a year for in-town students and $10.00 a year for rural students.


With a new addition in 1901 the school was to be used until 1954. Later the school was moved to a small frame building on the east side of Queen Street opposite Harbor Street. Shortly afterwards it was moved to the opposite side of the street. The next location was in a log building which was later the Gentle's property. Then it moved to Russel Street just west of the Anglican Church.<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984">{{cite book|title=Kincardine 1848–1984|year=1982|publisher=Stan Brown Ltd.|location=Owen Sound, Ontario|isbn=0-9690899-1-0|page=370}}</ref> [[File:Kincardine District 1876.jpg|thumb|left|Kincardine High School in 1876]]
With a new addition in 1901, the school was to be used until 1954. Later the school was moved to a small frame building on the east side of Queen Street opposite Harbor Street. Shortly afterward, it was transferred to the opposite side of the street. The following location was in a log building, which was later the Gentle's property. Then, it moved to Russel Street just west of the Anglican Church.<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984">{{cite book|title=Kincardine 1848–1984|year=1982|publisher=Stan Brown Ltd.|location=Owen Sound, Ontario|isbn=0-9690899-1-0|page=370}}</ref> [[File:Kincardine District 1876.jpg|thumb|left|Kincardine High School in 1876]]


In 1951 Kincardine High School became Kincardine District High School when a bus system was implementing to bring students in from neighbouring communities.<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>
In 1951, Kincardine High School became Kincardine District High School when a bus system was implemented to bring students in from neighbouring communities.<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>


In 1953 construction started on a new one-storey building to include home economics, industrial arts, a cafeteria and a much better gymnasium facility. The new building opened in 1954 with an enrollment of 244 students and a staff of 10. This new school was 2421.9 m².<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>
In 1953, construction started on a new one-storey building to include home economics, industrial arts, a cafeteria, and a much better gymnasium facility. The new building opened in 1954 with an enrollment of 244 students and a staff of 10. This new school was 2421.9 m<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>


Only five years after the opening of the opening of the new school in 1954, two classrooms were added at the north end of the building. By September 1973 seven portable classrooms and a portable library resource area were added to the school. An addition in 1973–74 doubled the size.<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>
Only five years after the opening of the new school in 1954, two classrooms were added at the north end of the building. By September 1973, seven portable classrooms and a library resource area had been added to the school.<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>


After the renovation in 1974 the school was given the new name of Kincardine & District Secondary School.<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>
After the renovation in 1974, the school was named Kincardine & District Secondary School.<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>


In 1980 the athletics teams received a new symbol and name. The Kincardine Redmen of the past would now be called the Kincardine Knights.<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>
In 1980, the athletics teams received a new symbol and name. The Kincardine Redmen of the past would now be called the Kincardine Knights.<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>


In 1983 the closing of Ripley Secondary School boosted KDSS's numbers up to 799, which was a new high for the school.<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>
In 1983, the closing of Ripley Secondary School boosted KDSS's numbers to 799, a new high for the school.<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>


In 1989 KDSS added another addition to the building. The school hasn't had any new additions since 1989. The current school is 7473.4 m² on a site of 5.22ha².<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>
In 1989 KDSS added another addition to the building. The school hasn't had any new additions since 1989. The current school is 7473.4 m<sup>2</sup> on a site of 5.22ha².<ref name="Kincardine 1848-1984"/>


In 2019, KDSS added the grade 7 and 8 wing and was renamed 'Kincardine District Senior School' after public consultation.<ref name="The Kincardine Independent"/>
== Ranking ==
The [[Fraser Institute]] issued the school a 6.6/10 and ranked it at 294th out of 727 Ontario Secondary Schools, and as 4th best in the [[Bluewater District School Board]] after Chesley District High School, Peninsula Shores District School, and West Hill Secondary School.<ref name="Fraser Institute"/> The Fraser Institute is a Canadian think tank. It has been described as politically conservative and right-libertarian. Its stated mission is "to measure, study, and communicate the impact of competitive markets and government intervention on the welfare of individuals."


On October 29, 2020, the Government of Ontario announced Kincardine will be getting a new high school for grades 7–12.<ref>So how can residents use this toolkit to nurture inclusion in their homes?</ref>{{full citation needed|date=October 2023}}
== Specifications ==


== Ranking ==
*19 classrooms
The [[Fraser Institute]] issued the school a 6.6/10 and ranked it at 294th out of 727 Ontario Secondary Schools, and as 4th best in the [[Bluewater District School Board]] after Chesley District High School, Peninsula Shores District School, and West Hill Secondary School.<ref name="Fraser Institute"/>
*5 science rooms
*1 music room
*2 art rooms
*1 library
*2 gymnasiums
*2 technology rooms
*1 resource room
*2 special education rooms
*1 family studies room
*1 cafeteria


== Feeder schools ==
== Feeder schools ==
Four main schools feed into KDSS: Huron Heights Public School, Kincardine Township Tiverton Public School, St. Anthony's Catholic School and Ripley Huron Community School (in [[Ripley, Ontario]]).<ref>{{cite web|last=Adams |first=AJ |title=BWDSB |url=http://www.bwdsb.on.ca |work=BWDSB |publisher=BWDSB |accessdate=May 31, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060610100235/http://bwdsb.on.ca/ |archivedate=June 10, 2006 |df= }}</ref>
Four main schools feed into KDSS: Huron Heights Public School, Kincardine Township Tiverton Public School, St. Anthony's Catholic School and Ripley Huron Community School (in [[Ripley, Ontario]]).<ref>{{cite web|last=Adams |first=AJ |title=BWDSB |url=http://www.bwdsb.on.ca |publisher=BWDSB |accessdate=May 31, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060610100235/http://bwdsb.on.ca/ |archivedate=June 10, 2006 }}</ref>

== 2011 staff ==
KDSS has 45 teachers, eight Educational Assistants, and four office staff. A staff of five work in the cafeteria and five custodians keep the school clean.<ref name=KDSS>{{cite web|title=KDSS |url=http://www.kdss.bwdsb.on.ca |work=KDSS |publisher=KDSS |accessdate=May 29, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528194303/http://www.kdss.bwdsb.on.ca/ |archivedate=May 28, 2011 |df= }}</ref>

== Athletics and clubs ==
<!-- linked from redirect [[Knights of Jazz]] -->

KDSS has many clubs, which all meet once a week at lunch. These include:
*[[Student Council]] - plan all school activities and events
*[[Free The Children]] - sponsored a village in Sierra Leone; built a school and two wells; are now creating alternative income
*Dumbledore's Army ([[Harry Potter]] fan club) - have the four Houses of Hogwarts and play Qudditch every Friday
*[[PETA]] - promote animal rights and anti-animal abuse
*[[OSAID]] - Ontario Students Against Impaired Driving; promote safe and responsible driving
*[[Doctor Who]] Fan Club - watch ''Doctor Who'' at lunch every Monday and Friday
*Christian Fellowship - talk about what it means to be a Christian in today's world
*Green Space Team - promote being eco-friendly in the school community
*[[Prom]] Committee - plan Prom for the current school year
*Glee Club/Choir - sing at school events and functions
*Drama Club - acting
*Badminton Club - students meet after school and play badminton; considered an intramural sport
*[[Link Crew]] - helping the Grade 9s transition from elementary school to high school
*Math Club - write the Ontario Math Contest test, learn math outside of the classroom

=== Christmas Knights ===
Since 1997 KDSS students have gone door to door around the Kincardine community collecting non-perishable food items and new toys for the Kincardine Christmas Hamper program.

=== Athletics ===

KDSS has numerous athletics teams, which all go by the name of the KDSS Knights.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}}
Those sports include:
*Gymnastics (co-ed, varsity)
*Basketball (junior and senior girls, junior and senior boys)
*Volleyball (junior and senior girls, junior and senior boys)
*Tennis (co-ed)
*Soccer (junior and senior girls, junior and senior boys)
*Badminton (co-ed)
*Rugby (junior and senior girls, junior and senior boys)
*Swim team (co-ed)
*Cross country (co-ed)
*Curling (co-ed)
*Hockey (junior and senior girls, junior and senior boys)
*Golf (boys and girls)
*Nordic skiing (co-ed)
*Track & field (co-ed)
*Swimming (co-ed)

KDSS sports teams are very successful every year. The boys' hockey team has won BAA, [[Central Western Ontario Secondary Schools Association|CWOSSA]], and [[OFSAA]], meaning KDSS has one of the best high school hockey teams in Ontario.<ref name=cwossa>{{cite web|last=Adams|first=AJ|title=cwossa|url=http://www.cwossa.ca|work=cwossa|publisher=cwossa}}</ref>

All of KDSS's athletics are played through the [[Bluewater District School Board#Athletics of the BWDSB|Bluewater Athletic Association]].

=== Trips ===
KDSS offers a Europe trip each year. The trip alternates every-other-year between a historical and cultural Europe Trip that is open to any student, and an Art History Trip which specifically focuses on European art and architecture. Only students enrolled in the Grade 12 Art History class can go on the Art History Trip.

=== Music ===
The Knights of Jazz was a jazz ensemble based at the school. In 1999, the group received a Bronze award in the Instrumental Jazz Division at [[MusicFest Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=1999 Festival Results |work=MusicFest Canada: The Nationals |url=http://www.musicfest.ca/results_1999_e.shtml |accessdate=September 14, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314145515/http://www.musicfest.ca/results_1999_e.shtml |archivedate=March 14, 2013 |df= }}</ref>

== School goals and philosophy ==

The Kincardine and District Secondary School community will:
*Serve the unique academic, physical, social, and emotional needs of all students
*Commit itself to maintaining an orderly, trusting, and inclusive school by promoting diversity and equity whenever possible
*Develop the whole person by providing support, encouragement, and opportunity
*Create an environment where all parties can approach learning and other school activities with confidence, motivation, and success
*Respect each other and the community at large at all times
*Encourage lifelong learning

<!-- (Commenting this out because it's of dubious importance, outdated, and the entire section is just a redirect off-site. I don't think it's appropriate for this article; reinstate it if I'm wrong. )
== 2011/2012 courses ==
The 2011/2012 courses can be found
[http://www.kdss.bwdsb.on.ca/guidance/Downloads/Course%20Codes%20&%20Titles%20for%202011%202012.pdf here].<ref>[http://www.kdss.bwdsb.on.ca/guidance/Downloads/Course%20Codes%20&%20Titles%20for%202011%202012.pdf Kincardine & District Secondary School Course Codes and Titles]</ref> -->
== 2011 symposium ==
On Thursday June 9 and 10 2011 KDSS held a [[symposium]] instead of regular classes, titled Today's Kids; Tomorrow's Village<ref>[http://www.kdss.bwdsb.on.ca/symposium/ Today's Kids; Tomorrow's Village]</ref> The symposium presenedt students in grades 9–12 with a variety of workshops and speakers to increase their awareness of issues related to making healthy life choices now, and positive life choices when they are parents or aunts, uncles, or neighbours themselves.

Keynote speakers included:
*Lt. Col. [[Dave Grossman (author)|Dave Grossman]], author who has specialized in the study of the psychology of killing, which has been termed 'killology'<ref>{{cite web|title=Killology|url=http://www.killology.com|work=www.killology.com|publisher=Dave Grossman|accessdate=June 10, 2011}}</ref>
*[[Justin Trudeau]], Canadian politician and Member of Parliament (As of 2015, 23rd [[Prime Minister of Canada]])
*Dr. [[Jackson Katz]], America's leading anti-sexist activist, and expert on violence, media and masculinity
*A.R., victim of cyber and sexual assault

== Social networking ==

To keep up with rapid growth of popularity of social networking, KDSS has created several accounts. KDSS has a [[Twitter]] account,<ref>[https://twitter.com/KDSS_KNIGHTS Twitter: KDSS_Knights]</ref> a [[YouTube]] channel,<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/user/KDSSKnights Youtube: KDSSknights]</ref> and a [[Facebook]] page.<ref>[http://www.facebook.com/pages/Kincardine-District-Secondary-School/237635226266927 Facebook: Kincardine District Secondary School]</ref>

== Notable alumni ==
* [[Kevin Pollock]] - [[NHL]] referee
* [[Graham Ragsdale]] - decorated Canadian Forces sniper Master Corporal
* [[Pat Riggin]] - NHL goaltender
* [[Jordan Willis (ice hockey)|Jordan Willis]] - NHL goaltender


==See also==
==See also==
Line 166: Line 67:


== External links ==
== External links ==
*{{official website|http://www.knh.bwdsb.on.ca/}}
*{{official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20050206123135/http://www.knh.bwdsb.on.ca/}}
*[http://kdssftc.org/ KDSS Free the Children website]
*[http://kdssosaid.webs.com/ KDSS Ontario Students Against Drunk Driving website]
*[http://www.team781.com/ KDSS - FIRST Robotics Team, Team 781, the Kinetic Knights]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Kincardine and District Secondary School}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kincardine and District Secondary School}}
[[Category:Kincardine, Ontario]]
[[Category:Kincardine, Ontario]]
[[Category:All articles needing coordinates]]
[[Category:All articles with unsourced statements]]
[[Category:All articles with unsourced statements]]
[[Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2012]]
[[Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2012]]
[[Category:High schools in Ontario]]
[[Category:High schools in Ontario]]
[[Category:Ontario articles missing geocoordinate data]]
[[Category:Schools in Bruce County]]
[[Category:Schools in Bruce County]]
[[Category:1954 establishments in Ontario]]
[[Category:1954 establishments in Ontario]]

Latest revision as of 21:00, 30 June 2024

Kincardine District Senior School
Address
Map
885 River Lane

, ,
Canada
Coordinates44°10′37″N 81°37′39″W / 44.17689°N 81.62749°W / 44.17689; -81.62749
Information
School typeHigh school
MottoVirtus, Veritas, Victoria
(Excellence, Truth, Success)
Founded1954
School boardBluewater District School Board
PrincipalDon Burns
Grades7-12
Enrollment510[1] (2019/2020)
LanguageEnglish
Colour(s)Green   & white  
MascotDwight the Knight

Kincardine District Senior School (KDSS) formerly Kincardine & District Secondary School(1951-2019) and Kincardine High School (1876-1951), is a public 7- 12 school[2] in the town of Kincardine, Ontario, Canada. It is one of 11 high schools in the Bluewater District School Board.

Fraser Institute issued the school a 6.6/10. It ranked 294th out of 727 Ontario Secondary Schools and 4th best in the Bluewater District School Board after Chesley District High School, Peninsula Shores District School, and West Hill Secondary School.[3]

The school has almost 700 full-time students in grades 7 through 12.[4] Originally built in 1953/54, it has been expanded with six additions, the last being finished in 1989. The school's colour is green, and its motto is "Virtus, Veritas, Victoria," which means "Excellence, Truth, Success."

History[edit]

In Kincardine, as in most pioneer communities, one of the matters of primary consideration was the question of education. The children were at first educated at home, and then, in 1851, a public school opened. The rented frame building was on the river flats near the lake. The teacher, Mrs. Jane Nairn, had 66 students. The original school, Kincardine District High School, was erected in 1876 at the cost of $8,900 when the school opened, 80 students attended at the cost of $8.00 a year for in-town students and $10.00 a year for rural students.

With a new addition in 1901, the school was to be used until 1954. Later the school was moved to a small frame building on the east side of Queen Street opposite Harbor Street. Shortly afterward, it was transferred to the opposite side of the street. The following location was in a log building, which was later the Gentle's property. Then, it moved to Russel Street just west of the Anglican Church.[5]

Kincardine High School in 1876

In 1951, Kincardine High School became Kincardine District High School when a bus system was implemented to bring students in from neighbouring communities.[5]

In 1953, construction started on a new one-storey building to include home economics, industrial arts, a cafeteria, and a much better gymnasium facility. The new building opened in 1954 with an enrollment of 244 students and a staff of 10. This new school was 2421.9 m2.[5]

Only five years after the opening of the new school in 1954, two classrooms were added at the north end of the building. By September 1973, seven portable classrooms and a library resource area had been added to the school.[5]

After the renovation in 1974, the school was named Kincardine & District Secondary School.[5]

In 1980, the athletics teams received a new symbol and name. The Kincardine Redmen of the past would now be called the Kincardine Knights.[5]

In 1983, the closing of Ripley Secondary School boosted KDSS's numbers to 799, a new high for the school.[5]

In 1989 KDSS added another addition to the building. The school hasn't had any new additions since 1989. The current school is 7473.4 m2 on a site of 5.22ha².[5]

In 2019, KDSS added the grade 7 and 8 wing and was renamed 'Kincardine District Senior School' after public consultation.[2]

On October 29, 2020, the Government of Ontario announced Kincardine will be getting a new high school for grades 7–12.[6][full citation needed]

Ranking[edit]

The Fraser Institute issued the school a 6.6/10 and ranked it at 294th out of 727 Ontario Secondary Schools, and as 4th best in the Bluewater District School Board after Chesley District High School, Peninsula Shores District School, and West Hill Secondary School.[3]

Feeder schools[edit]

Four main schools feed into KDSS: Huron Heights Public School, Kincardine Township Tiverton Public School, St. Anthony's Catholic School and Ripley Huron Community School (in Ripley, Ontario).[7]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Kincardine District Secondary School (919454)". Ministry of Education. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  2. ^ a b "The Kincardine Independent". Kincardine Independent. 2019-09-03. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
  3. ^ a b "Fraser Institute School Report Cards". Fraser Institute. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
  4. ^ "KDSS nearly doubles enrolment with inclusion of Grades 7-8 students". Kincardine Record. Retrieved 2019-09-18.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Kincardine 1848–1984. Owen Sound, Ontario: Stan Brown Ltd. 1982. p. 370. ISBN 0-9690899-1-0.
  6. ^ So how can residents use this toolkit to nurture inclusion in their homes?
  7. ^ Adams, AJ. "BWDSB". BWDSB. Archived from the original on June 10, 2006. Retrieved May 31, 2011.

External links[edit]