Kordofanian languages: Difference between revisions

Kordofanian
Kordofanian
Geographic; distribution	Kordofan
Linguistic classification	Niger-Congo Kordofanian;
Subdivisions	Kadu (in Nilo-Saharan); Katla–Rashad (outer Niger-Congo); Talodi–Heiban (in Atlantic-Congo);
ISO 639-5	kdo

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The Kordofanian languages are a geographic grouping of four language families spoken in the Nuba hills of Kordofan Province, Sudan. In 1963 Joseph Greenberg added them to the Niger-Congo family, creating his Niger-Kordofanian proposal. The Kordofanian languages have not been shown to be more distantly related than other branches of Niger-Congo, however, nor have they been shown to constitute a valid group. Today the Kadu family is excluded, and the rest usually included in Niger-Congo proper.

Talodi-Heiban

The Heiban languages, also called Koalib or Koalib-Moro, and the Talodi languages, also called Talodi-Masakin, are closely related.^[1]

Rashad languages

The number of Rashad languages, also called Tegali-Tagoi, varies among different descriptions, from two (Williamson & Blench 2000), three (Ethnologue), to eight (Blench ms). Tagoi has a noun-class system like the Atlantic Congo languages—apparently borrowed,—while Tegali does not.

Rashad

Tagoi	Umali (Tumale), Moreib, Goy (Tagoi), Orig (Turjuk)

Tegali	Gom (Rashad), Tegali

	? Tingal (Kajakja)

Katla languages

The two Katla languages do not share the Atlantic Congo noun-class system.

Katla

	Kaalak (Katla)

	Domorik (Lomorik, Tima)

Roger Blench notes that the Talodi and Heiban languages have the noun-class systems characteristic of the Atlantic-Congo core of Niger-Congo, but that the Katla languages have no trace of ever having had such a system, whereas the Kadu languages and some of the Rashad languages appear to have acquired noun classes as part of a Sprachbund rather than having inherited them. He concludes that the Kordofanian languages do not form a genealogical group, but that Talodi and Heiban are core Niger-Congo whereas Katla and Rashad form a peripheral branch along the lines of Mande.

Kadu languages

Bibliography

Herman Bell. 1995. The Nuba Mountains: Who Spoke What in 1976?. Being a study of the published results from a major project of the Institute of African and Asian Studies: the Language Survey of the Nuba Mountains.
Roger Blench. Unpublished. Kordofanian and Niger-Congo: an evaluation of the evidence.
P. A. and D. N. MacDiarmid. 1931. "The languages of the Nuba Mountains." Sudan Notes and Records 14: 149-162.
Carl Meinhof. 1915-1919. "Sprachstudien im egyptischen Sudan". Zeitschrift für Kolonialsprachen 9-9. "1. Tagoy." 6: 164-161. "2. Tumale". 6:182-205. "11. Tegele." 7:110-131. "12. Rashad." 7:132.
Thilo C. Schadeberg. 1981a. A survey of Kordofanian. SUGIA Beiheft 1-2. Hamburg:Helmut Buske Verlag.
Thilo C. Schadeberg. 1981b. "Das Kordofanische". Die Sprachen Afrikas. Band 1: Niger-Kordofanisch, ed. by Bernt Heine, T. C. Schadeberg, Ekkehard Wolff, pp. 117-28 SUGIA Beiheft 1-2. Hamburg:Helmut Buske Verlag.
Thilo C. Schadeberg. 1981c. "The classification of the Kadugli language group". Nilo-Saharan, ed. by T. C. Schadeberg and M. Lionel Bender, pp. 291-305. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
Brenda Z. Seligmann. 1910-11. "Note on the language of the Nubas of Southern Kordofan." Zeitschrift für Kolonialsprachen 1:167-188.
Roland C. Stevenson. 1956-57. "A survey of the phonetics and grammatical structure of the Nuba Mountains languages, with particular reference to Otoro, Katcha, and Nyimang." Afrika und Übersee 40:73-84, 93-115; 41:27-65, 117-152, 171-196.
A. N. Tucker and M. A. Bryan. 1956. The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa. (Handbook of African Languages, Part III.) Oxford University Press: London.
A. N. Tucker and M. A. Bryan. 1966. Linguistic Analyses/The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa. (Handbook of African Languages.) Oxford University Press: London.
Lorenz Tutschek. 1848. "Über die Tumale-Sprache." Gelehrte Anzeigen, herausgegeben von Mitgliedern der k. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nrs. 91-93; Spalten 729-52. (=Bulletin der königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nrs. 29-31.)
Lorenz Tutschek. 1848-50. "On the Tumali language". Proceedings of the Philological Society for 1846-47 and 1847-48. Vol 3:239-54. Proceedings of the Philological Society for 1848-49 and 1849-50. Vol. 4:138-9.

External links

Katcha-English Dictionary (one of the Kadu languages)
The Nuba Mountains Homepage

Template:Niger-Congo-speaking nations

^ Gerrit Dimmendaal, 2008. "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent", Language and Linguistics Compass 2/5:842.

[1] Gerrit Dimmendaal, 2008. "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent", Language and Linguistics Compass 2/5:842.

[1]

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-The '''Kordofanian languages''' are a '''geographic grouping of languages''' spoken in the [[Nuba]] hills of [[Kordofan]] Province, [[Sudan]]. In 1963 [[Joseph Greenberg]] added them to the [[Niger-Congo languages|Niger-Congo family]], creating his [[Niger-Kordofanian languages|Niger-Kordofanian]] proposal. The Kordofanian languages have not been shown to be more distantly related than other branches of Niger-Congo, however, nor have they been shown to constitute a valid group, and today they are usually included in Niger-Congo proper. Since [[Thilo C. Schadeberg|Schadeberg]] 1981c, the [[Kadu languages|"Tumtum" or Kadu branch]] is now widely seen as [[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]]. The remaining languages form three clearly valid groups of unclear relationship to each other.
+The '''Kordofanian languages''' are a '''geographic''' grouping of four [[language families]] spoken in the [[Nuba]] hills of [[Kordofan]] Province, [[Sudan]]. In 1963 [[Joseph Greenberg]] added them to the [[Niger-Congo languages|Niger-Congo family]], creating his [[Niger-Kordofanian languages|Niger-Kordofanian]] proposal. The Kordofanian languages have not been shown to be more distantly related than other branches of Niger-Congo, however, nor have they been shown to constitute a valid group. Today the Kadu family is excluded, and the rest usually included in Niger-Congo proper.
 ==Talodi-Heiban==