Kalali language: Difference between revisions

Kalali
Kalali
Garlali
Bulloo River
Region	Bulloo River, Queensland
Ethnicity	Kalali
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Ngura (geographical) Kalali; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	gll
Glottolog	kala1380
AIATSIS	D30 Kullilli, L25 Wangkumara (Curr's Wongkomarra), L43 Bidjara, L57 Minkabari
ELP	Garlali

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Kalali, also written Kullili, Galali, Garlali, Kullilla and other variants, is a poorly attested Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of several geographically transitional "Karna–Mari fringe" languages that have not been convincingly classified, and is best considered an isolate branch within the Pama–Nyungan family.^[1] Gavan Breen provisionally includes Minkabari and the Ngura dialect Pitjara/Bidjara/Bitharra, which together have been called the Bulloo River language.^[2]

Breen is partly responsible for the variation in the spelling of the name 'Kalali'. The forms Garlali and Galarli are due to what he now considers a non-distinctive instance of retroflex rl, and he prefers the spelling Kalali.

People and language

Both the Kalali and the Wanggumara people apparently lived by the Bulloo River and the Wilson River in South West Queensland. There is some debate whether they originated by the Bulloo River and migrated to the Wilson River or vice versa. For instance, Breen posited that some groups in south-west Queensland had abandoned their original languages (but not their names) and adopted the Wilson River language in the early days of Australian colonial settlement, when people moved from Thargomindah and the middle Bulloo River to Nockatunga (near the modern town of Noccundra).

The Bulloo River Kalali lived around the area from Thargomindah southward to the Currawinya Lakes and perhaps west to Bulloo Lakes and north to Norley Station. Bulloo River Kalali was studied by Breen (from a speaker named Charlie Phillips). The informant Charlie Phillips aged 74 years, born at Backwood Station south of Hungerford in south-west Queensland, spoke the language fluently and confidently despite having not used the language conversationally for 40 years.

A language labelled "Wonkomarra" in Myles (1886) is a different language from modern Wangkumara, and may be a variety of Kalali. On the other hand, the language spoken by the Kalali people that Wurm labelled "Waŋkumara (Gaḷali)" was a variety of Wangkumara.

Language revival

Kullilli Ngulkana is a language revival initiative founded by brothers Toby Adams and Daryl Docherty. Adams' father was one of the Stolen Generations, having been taken as a child from his Quilpie home to the Aboriginal reserve at Cherbourg, and Adams became determined to reconnect to his culture and language. After meeting linguist Claire Bowern of Yale University, who had previously worked with Kullili elders to produce language resources, the pair started working together. The project has started to develop a dictionary and other learning resources for the language, including a mobile phone app. The state school at Thargomindah is also working with Adams, looking at incorporating language learning into their curriculum.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b D30 Kullilli at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (see the info box for additional links)
^ L57 Minkabari at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
^ McCosker, Maddelin (4 July 2021). "Traditional Kullilli language saved from extinction by two brothers retracing the past". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 16 July 2021.

This Australian Aboriginal languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[AIATSIS-1] D30 Kullilli at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (see the info box for additional links)

[2] L57 Minkabari at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

[3] McCosker, Maddelin (4 July 2021). "Traditional Kullilli language saved from extinction by two brothers retracing the past". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 16 July 2021.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Awakening Australian Aboriginal language}}
 {{Use Australian English|date=October 2018}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
-{{about|the old Galali/Wankumara language|'modern' language|Wilson River language}}
 {{Infobox language
-|name=Bulloo River
+|name=Kalali
-|nativename=(Old) Wankumara
+|nativename=Bulloo River
-|altname=(Old) Garlali
+|altname=Garlali
 |region=[[Bulloo River]], [[Queensland]]
-|ethnicity=[[Kalali people|Kalali]], [[Wongkumara]]
+|ethnicity=[[Kalali people|Kalali]]
-|extinct=?
 |familycolor=Australian
 |fam1=[[Pama–Nyungan languages|Pama–Nyungan]]
 |fam2=[[Ngura language|Ngura]] (geographical)
-|lc1=gll|ld1=Garlali
+|iso3=gll
+|glotto=kala1380
-|lc2=xwk|ld2=Wangkumara [partial match]
-|glotto=none
-|glottorefname=
 |aiatsis=D30
 |aiatsisname=Kullilli
 |aiatsis2=L25
-|aiatsisname2=Wangkumara
+|aiatsisname2=Wangkumara (Curr's [[Wongkomarra]])
+|aiatsis3=L43
+|aiatsisname3=Bidjara
+|aiatsis4=L57
+|aiatsisname4=Minkabari
 }}
-The '''Bulloo River language''', variously known as '''Garlali''' (Galali, Gaḷali, Kalali, Kullili, Kullilla) and '''(Old) Wanggumara''' (Wankumara, Wongkumara, Waŋkumara), is a poorly attested [[Australian Aboriginal languages|Australian Aboriginal language]]. Bulloo River is one of several geographically transitional '[[Karnic languages|Karna]]–[[Maric languages|Mari]] fringe' languages that have not been convincingly classified.<ref name="AIATSIS"/>
+'''Kalali''', also written '''Kullili''', '''Galali''', '''Garlali''', '''Kullilla''' and other variants, is a poorly attested [[Australian Aboriginal languages|Australian Aboriginal language]]. It is one of several geographically transitional "[[Karnic languages|Karna]]–[[Maric languages|Mari]] fringe" languages that have not been convincingly classified, and is best considered an isolate branch within the [[Pama–Nyungan]] family.<ref name="AIATSIS"/> [[Gavan Breen]] provisionally includes Minkabari and the [[Ngura language|Ngura]] dialect Pitjara/Bidjara/Bitharra, which together have been called the '''Bulloo River''' language.<ref>{{aiatsis|L57|Minkabari}}</ref>
+Breen is partly responsible for the variation in the spelling of the name 'Kalali'. The forms ''Garlali'' and ''Galarli'' are due to what he now considers a non-distinctive instance of retroflex ''rl'', and he prefers the spelling ''Kalali''.
-(The combined term 'Waŋkumara (Gaḷali)', however, generally refers to the Karnic [[Wilson River language]] spoken by the same two peoples.)
+==People and language==
-Both the [[Kalali people|Garlili]] and the [[Wanggumara]] lived by the [[Bulloo River]] and the [[Wilson River (Queensland)|Wilson River]] in [[South West Queensland]]. There is some debate whether they originated by the Bulloo River and migrated to the Wilson, where they picked up the [[Wilson River language]], or vice versa. For instance, [[Gavan Breen]] posited that some groups in southwest Queensland had abandoned their original languages (but not their names) and adopted the Wilson River Language in the early days of Mhite Australian settlement, when people moved from Thargomindah to [[Nockatunga Station|Nockatunga]] (near the modern town of Noccundra).
+Both the [[Kalali people|Kalali]] and the [[Wanggumara]] people apparently lived by the [[Bulloo River]] and the [[Wilson River (Queensland)|Wilson River]] in [[South West Queensland]]. There is some debate whether they originated by the Bulloo River and migrated to the Wilson River or vice versa. For instance, Breen posited that some groups in south-west Queensland had abandoned their original languages (but not their names) and adopted the [[Wilson River language]] in the early days of Australian colonial settlement, when people moved from Thargomindah and the middle Bulloo River to [[Nockatunga Station|Nockatunga]] (near the modern town of Noccundra).
-Regardless, the people living by the Wilson River continued speaking an aboriginal language longer than those living by the Bulloo, so the Wilson River language is sometimes referred to as 'New' or 'Modern' Garlili/Wanggumara.
-The Bulloo River Garlili lived around the area from [[Thargomindah]] southward to the Currawinya Lakes and west to Bulloo Lakes and north to Norley Station. Bulloo River Galali was studied by Gavan Breen (from a speaker named Charlie Phillips).
+The Bulloo River Kalali lived around the area from [[Thargomindah]] southward to the Currawinya Lakes and perhaps west to Bulloo Lakes and north to Norley Station. Bulloo River Kalali was studied by Breen (from a speaker named Charlie Phillips). The informant Charlie Phillips aged 74 years, born at Backwood Station south of Hungerford in south-west Queensland, spoke the language fluently and confidently despite having not used the language conversationally for 40 years.
-The informant Charlie Phillips aged 74 years, born at Backwood Station south of Hungerford in southwest Queensland, spoke the language fluently and confidently despite having not used the language conversationally for 40 years.
+A language labelled "Wonkomarra" in Myles (1886) is a different language from modern Wangkumara, and may be a variety of Kalali. On the other hand, the language spoken by the Kalali people that Wurm labelled "Waŋkumara (Gaḷali)" was a variety of Wangkumara.
-== General characteristics ==
-{{fix|text=Is this the Bulloo River or Wilson River language?}}
+==Language revival==
-Wankamara (Galali) is entirely suffixing and morphologically fairly simple having the following word classes: nominal (noun and pronoun), verb, particle, and interjection. The word order is random and free. The phonemes consist of three vowels and 26 consonants.
+Kullilli Ngulkana is a [[language revival]] initiative founded by brothers Toby Adams and Daryl Docherty. Adams' father was one of the [[Stolen Generations]], having been taken as a child from his [[Quilpie]] home to the [[Aboriginal reserve]] at [[Cherbourg, Queensland#Aboriginal reserve|Cherbourg]], and Adams became determined to reconnect to his culture and language. After meeting linguist [[Claire Bowern]] of [[Yale University]], who had previously worked with Kullili [[Aboriginal elder|elders]] to produce language resources, the pair started working together. The project has started to develop a dictionary and other learning resources for the language, including a [[mobile phone app]]. The state school at [[Thargomindah]] is also working with Adams, looking at incorporating language learning into their curriculum.<ref>{{cite web | last=McCosker | first=Maddelin | title=Traditional Kullilli language saved from extinction by two brothers retracing the past  | website=ABC News| publisher= [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] | date=4 July 2021 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-04/toby-adams-reviving-the-kullilli-language/100256386 | access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref>
 == References ==
 {{reflist}}
+{{Pama–Nyungan languages|Central}}
-== External links ==
 [[Category:Karnic languages]]
 [[Category:Maric languages]]
 [[Category:Extinct languages of Queensland]]
-{{Pama–Nyungan languages|Central}}
 {{ia-lang-stub}}