Karluk Yabghu: Difference between revisions
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Karluk chief Bilge Yabghu Apa Yigen Chor ({{lang-zh|c=毗伽葉護頓阿波移健啜|s=|t=|p=Píjiā Yèhù Dùn ābō Yíjiàn Chuài}}) submitted to Uyghur khaganate in 746.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Documents sur les Tou-Kiue (Turcs) occidentaux recueillis et commentés suivi de Notes additionnelles|author=Chavannes, Edouard|date=2007|publisher=Bibliothèque Paul-Émile Boulet de l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi|oclc=145840509}}</ref> He may be same person as Yigen Chor (𐰘𐰃𐰏𐰤𐰲𐰆𐰺) mentioned in Kul-Chor stele.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bitig.org/?lang=e&mod=1&tid=1&oid=18&m=1|title=Kul-Chur's Memorial Complex|website=bitig.org|access-date=2018-08-22}}</ref> |
Karluk chief Bilge Yabghu Apa Yigen Chor ({{lang-zh|c=毗伽葉護頓阿波移健啜|s=|t=|p=Píjiā Yèhù Dùn ābō Yíjiàn Chuài}}) submitted to Uyghur khaganate in 746.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Documents sur les Tou-Kiue (Turcs) occidentaux recueillis et commentés suivi de Notes additionnelles|author=Chavannes, Edouard|date=2007|publisher=Bibliothèque Paul-Émile Boulet de l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi|oclc=145840509}}</ref> He may be same person as Yigen Chor (𐰘𐰃𐰏𐰤𐰲𐰆𐰺) mentioned in Kul-Chor stele.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bitig.org/?lang=e&mod=1&tid=1&oid=18&m=1|title=Kul-Chur's Memorial Complex|website=bitig.org|access-date=2018-08-22}}</ref> |
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He was succeeded by Tun Bilge Yabghu ({{lang-zh|c=頓毗伽葉護|s=|t=|p=Dùn Píjiā Yèhù}}) in 753.<ref name=":0" /> A ruler of Karluks were mentioned in Turco-Manichean book "Sacred book of two fundamentals" (Iki Jïltïz Nom), fragments of which were found in 1907 at [[Kara-Khoja]] in the [[Turpan]] oasis by [[Albert von Le Coq]]. The book was dedicated to the ruler of the [[Chigils|Chigil]] tribes, named Alp Burguchan, Alp Tarhan, Alp İl Tirgüg.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rannie ti︠u︡rki : ocherki istorii i ideologii|author=Zuev, I︠U︡. A.|date=2002|work=Daĭk-Press|isbn=((9985441529))|location=Almaty|oclc=52976103}}</ref> He probably was the one who conquered [[Turgesh]] state and resettled Karluks in [[Zhetysu]] basin, making [[Suyab]] their capital.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Salman|first=Hüseyin|date=Spring 2014|title=The Issue of Qarluq State Establishment|url=http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/108904|journal=Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi|doi=10.16985/MTAD.201417912|doi-broken-date=2021 |
He was succeeded by Tun Bilge Yabghu ({{lang-zh|c=頓毗伽葉護|s=|t=|p=Dùn Píjiā Yèhù}}) in 753.<ref name=":0" /> A ruler of Karluks were mentioned in Turco-Manichean book "Sacred book of two fundamentals" (Iki Jïltïz Nom), fragments of which were found in 1907 at [[Kara-Khoja]] in the [[Turpan]] oasis by [[Albert von Le Coq]]. The book was dedicated to the ruler of the [[Chigils|Chigil]] tribes, named Alp Burguchan, Alp Tarhan, Alp İl Tirgüg.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rannie ti︠u︡rki : ocherki istorii i ideologii|author=Zuev, I︠U︡. A.|date=2002|work=Daĭk-Press|isbn=((9985441529))|location=Almaty|oclc=52976103}}</ref> He probably was the one who conquered [[Turgesh]] state and resettled Karluks in [[Zhetysu]] basin, making [[Suyab]] their capital.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Salman|first=Hüseyin|date=Spring 2014|title=The Issue of Qarluq State Establishment|url=http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/108904|journal=Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi|doi=10.16985/MTAD.201417912|doi-broken-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> |
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Another ruler was Köbäk,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zeno.ru/showphoto.php?photo=46265.|title=Zeno - Oriental Coins Database - Qarluq AE coin, unique recent finding|website=www.zeno.ru|access-date=2018-08-22}}</ref> whose coins were found in modern Kyrgyzstan.<ref name=":1" /> |
Another ruler was Köbäk,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zeno.ru/showphoto.php?photo=46265.|title=Zeno - Oriental Coins Database - Qarluq AE coin, unique recent finding|website=www.zeno.ru|access-date=2018-08-22}}</ref> whose coins were found in modern Kyrgyzstan.<ref name=":1" /> |
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Revision as of 17:41, 2 November 2021
Karluk Yabghu State | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 756–840 | |||||||||
| Capital | Suyab later Balasagun | ||||||||
| Common languages | Karluk Turkic | ||||||||
| Religion | Tengriism | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 756 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 840 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | China Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan | ||||||||
The Karluk Yabghu State (simplified Chinese: 葛逻禄叶护国; traditional Chinese: 葛邏祿葉護國; pinyin: Géluólù Yèhùguó; Kazakh: Қарлұқ қағанаты) was a polity ruled by Karluk tribes.
History
The Karluks were part of First Turkic and Uyghur khaganates. They were composed of three tribes, therefore their ruler mostly called Sanxing Yabghu (Chinese: 三姓葉護; lit. 'Yabghu of Three Tribes') in 8th century.[1] In 742, they were named "Right Yabghu" by Basmyl khagan Ashina Shi. Like Basmyls, they were ruled by a branch of Ashina tribe.[2]
Karluk chief Bilge Yabghu Apa Yigen Chor (Chinese: 毗伽葉護頓阿波移健啜; pinyin: Píjiā Yèhù Dùn ābō Yíjiàn Chuài) submitted to Uyghur khaganate in 746.[3] He may be same person as Yigen Chor (𐰘𐰃𐰏𐰤𐰲𐰆𐰺) mentioned in Kul-Chor stele.[4]
He was succeeded by Tun Bilge Yabghu (Chinese: 頓毗伽葉護; pinyin: Dùn Píjiā Yèhù) in 753.[3] A ruler of Karluks were mentioned in Turco-Manichean book "Sacred book of two fundamentals" (Iki Jïltïz Nom), fragments of which were found in 1907 at Kara-Khoja in the Turpan oasis by Albert von Le Coq. The book was dedicated to the ruler of the Chigil tribes, named Alp Burguchan, Alp Tarhan, Alp İl Tirgüg.[5] He probably was the one who conquered Turgesh state and resettled Karluks in Zhetysu basin, making Suyab their capital.[6]
Another ruler was Köbäk,[7] whose coins were found in modern Kyrgyzstan.[6]
Transition to Karakhanids
When the Yenisei Kyrgyz destroyed the Uyghur Khaganate in 840, Karluk yabghu declared himself khagan with title Bilge Kul Qadir Khan.[8]
See also
- Oghuz Yabgu State
- List of Turkic dynasties and countries
- Turkic peoples
- Timeline of Turks (500-1300)
References
- ^ Erkoç, Hayrettin İhsan (2008-10-23). Eski Türklerde Devlet Teşkilâtı (Gök Türk Dönemi) / State Organization of the Ancient Turks (The Türk Qaġanate Period) (Thesis).
- ^ Kli︠a︡shtornyĭ, S. G. (2004). Gosudarstva i narody Evraziĭskikh stepeĭ : drevnostʹ i srednevekovʹe. Sultanov, T. I. (Tursun Ikramovich) (2-e izd., isprav. i dop ed.). Sankt-Peterburg. ISBN 5858032559. OCLC 60357062.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Chavannes, Edouard (2007). Documents sur les Tou-Kiue (Turcs) occidentaux recueillis et commentés suivi de Notes additionnelles. Bibliothèque Paul-Émile Boulet de l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. OCLC 145840509.
- ^ "Kul-Chur's Memorial Complex". bitig.org. Retrieved 2018-08-22.
- ^ Zuev, I︠U︡. A. (2002). Rannie ti︠u︡rki : ocherki istorii i ideologii. Almaty. ISBN 9985441529. OCLC 52976103.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Salman, Hüseyin (Spring 2014). "The Issue of Qarluq State Establishment". Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi. doi:10.16985/MTAD.201417912 (inactive 31 October 2021).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2021 (link) - ^ "Zeno - Oriental Coins Database - Qarluq AE coin, unique recent finding". www.zeno.ru. Retrieved 2018-08-22.
- ^ "Karluk Yabgu State (756-940)".
Further reading
- History of civilisations of Central Asia. South Asia Books. March 1999. p. 569. ISBN 978-8120815407.
- The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia (Vol 1). Cambridge University Press. p. 532. ISBN 978-0521243049.
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