Katsuo Okazaki: Difference between revisions
Shanghai88 (talk | contribs) |
added Category:Athletes from Kanagawa Prefecture using HotCat |
||
(47 intermediate revisions by 27 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Japanese athlete and politician}} |
|||
{{Infobox officeholder |
{{Infobox officeholder |
||
|name = Katsuo Okazaki |
|name = Katsuo Okazaki |
||
|image = Katsuo Okazaki.jpg |
|image = Katsuo Okazaki.jpg |
||
|office1 = [[ |
|office1 = [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]] |
||
|primeminister1 = [[Shigeru Yoshida]] |
|primeminister1 = [[Shigeru Yoshida]] |
||
|term_start1 = |
|term_start1 = 30 October 1952 |
||
|term_end1 = |
|term_end1 = 9 December 1954 |
||
|predecessor1 = |
|predecessor1 = [[Shigeru Yoshida]] |
||
|successor1 = |
|successor1 = [[Mamoru Shigemitsu]] |
||
|office2 |
|office2 = [[Chief Cabinet Secretary]] |
||
|primeminister2 |
|primeminister2 = [[Shigeru Yoshida]] |
||
|term_start2 |
|term_start2 = 6 May 1950 |
||
|term_end2 |
|term_end2 = 26 December 1951 |
||
|predecessor2 |
|predecessor2 = Kaneshichi Masuda |
||
|successor2 |
|successor2 = Shigeru Hori |
||
|office3 = [[Shanghai Municipal Council#List of Chairmen of the Shanghai Municipal Council|Chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council]] |
|office3 = [[Shanghai Municipal Council#List of Chairmen of the Shanghai Municipal Council|Chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council]] |
||
|term_start3 = January 1942 |
|term_start3 = 5 January 1942 |
||
|term_end3 = |
|term_end3 = 1 August 1943 |
||
|predecessor3 = [[John Hellyer Liddell]] |
|predecessor3 = [[John Hellyer Liddell]] |
||
|successor3 = Council disbanded |
|successor3 = Council disbanded |
||
|birth_date = 10 July 1897 |
|birth_date = 10 July 1897 |
||
|birth_place = [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]], |
|birth_place = [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]], Japan |
||
|death_date = {{death date and age|1965|10|10|1897|7|10|df=y}} |
|death_date = {{death date and age|1965|10|10|1897|7|10|df=y}} |
||
|death_place = |
|death_place = Tokyo, Japan |
||
|party = [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] <small>( |
|party = [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]] <small>(1955–1963)</small> |
||
|otherparty = [[Liberal Party (Japan, 1945)|Democratic Liberal Party]] <small>( |
|otherparty = [[Liberal Party (Japan, 1945)|Democratic Liberal Party]] <small>(1949–1950)</small><br>[[Liberal Party (Japan, 1945)|Liberal Party]] <small>(1950–1955)</small> |
||
|alma_mater = [[University of Tokyo|Tokyo Imperial University]] |
|alma_mater = [[University of Tokyo|Tokyo Imperial University]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
{{nihongo|'''Katsuo Okazaki'''|岡崎 勝男|Okazaki Katsuo|extra=10 July 1897 – 10 October 1965}} was a |
{{nihongo|'''Katsuo Okazaki'''|岡崎 勝男|Okazaki Katsuo|extra=10 July 1897 – 10 October 1965}} was a Japanese sportsman, diplomat and [[political figure]]. He served as the Japanese foreign minister in the 1950s. He was also the final – and only Japanese – chairman of the [[Shanghai Municipal Council]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/72571 |title=Katsuo Okazaki |work=Olympedia |access-date=17 September 2021}}</ref> |
||
==Early life== |
==Early life== |
||
Line 36: | Line 37: | ||
==Sporting prowess== |
==Sporting prowess== |
||
Okazaki participated in the 1924 Paris Olympic Summer Games, qualifying for the [[Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's 5000 metres|5,000 m]] final with a time of 15.22.2e.<ref> |
Okazaki participated in the 1924 Paris Olympic Summer Games, qualifying for the [[Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's 5000 metres|5,000 m]] final with a time of 15.22.2e.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200417184419/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ok/katsuo-okazaki-1.html Sports Reference for Katsuo Okazaki]</ref> In the final, he fainted in the heatwave and was carried away by medics.<ref>{{cite book | last=Raevuori | first=Antero | year=1997 | title=Paavo Nurmi, juoksijoiden kuningas | publisher=[[Bonnier Group|WSOY]] | page=174 | edition=2nd | language=Finnish | isbn=951-0-21850-2 }}</ref> He had much success at the [[Far Eastern Championship Games]], winning the [[mile run]] at the [[Athletics at the 1921 Far Eastern Championship Games|1921 Games]] then doing a middle-distance double in the mile and 880 yards at the [[Athletics at the 1923 Far Eastern Championship Games|1923 event in Osaka]].<ref name=GBR>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/fec.htm Far Eastern Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-12-18.</ref> |
||
==Consular |
==Consular positions== |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | He also served in numerous positions in China during the 1930s, including serving as Japanese Consul-General in [[Nanjing]] after the [[Battle of Nanking|Fall of Nanking]] to the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] and during the [[Nanking Massacre]]. In 1938, he was serving as Japanese Consul General in Canton.<ref>''China Monthly Review'' Volume 86, page 422</ref> In October 1939 was appointed Japanese Consul at Hong Kong, a position he held until January 1941.<ref>[http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1939/594650.pdf ''Hong Kong Government Gazette'', October 25, 1939]</ref> |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | He also served in numerous positions in China during the 1930s, including serving as Japanese Consul-General in [[Nanjing]] after the [[Battle of Nanking|Fall of Nanking]] to the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] and during the [[Nanking Massacre]]. In 1938, he was serving as Japanese Consul General in Canton.<ref>China Monthly Review |
||
==Shanghai Municipal Council== |
==Shanghai Municipal Council== |
||
In early January 1942 |
In early January 1942 Okazaki was appointed as Chairman of the [[Shanghai Municipal Council]] after the British and American members resigned following the commencement of the [[Pacific War]] and the occupation of the [[Shanghai International Settlement]] by Japanese troops.<ref>New York Times, Jan 9, 1942, p4</ref> After the resignation of the Commissioner General, [[G. Godfrey Phillips]] which took effect from 1 March 1942, Okasaki also took over the role of Commissioner General in an honorary capacity.<ref>Shanghai Municipal Council Annual Report, 1942, p6</ref> He served until 1943 when the council was disbanded. |
||
==Surrender of Japan== |
==Surrender of Japan== |
||
[[File:Surrender of Japan - USS Missouri.jpg|thumb| |
[[File:Surrender of Japan - USS Missouri.jpg|thumb|left|The Japanese representatives on board [[USS Missouri (BB-63)|USS ''Missouri'']] during the surrender ceremonies on 2 September 1945. Okazaki is in the second row, second from the left (in top hat).]] |
||
Okazaki |
Okazaki took part in the surrender negotiations between the Japanese emissaries and American military officials on [[Iejima]] in 1945. He was present as a representative of Japan at the formal surrender on 2 September 1945 aboard the {{USS|Missouri}}. |
||
==Post- |
==Post-war political and diplomatic career== |
||
[[File:Okazaki Katsuo.jpg|thumb| |
[[File:Okazaki Katsuo.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Okazaki in 1951]] |
||
Okazaki was elected to the [[Japanese House of Representatives]] in 1949. In 1951, he was appointed by Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida as Chief Cabinet Secretary and state minister without portfolio.<ref name="Obituary, New York Times 1965, p47"/> |
Okazaki was elected to the [[Japanese House of Representatives]] in 1949. In 1951, he was appointed by Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida as Chief Cabinet Secretary and state minister without portfolio.<ref name="Obituary, New York Times 1965, p47" /> |
||
In 1952, he was appointed Foreign Minister and served in that position until 1954. In 1954, building on work by Ikeda, Okazaki signed a Mutual Security Assistance (MSA) Agreement with U.S. Ambassador [[John Moore Allison|John Allison]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Japan Among the Powers, 1890-1990 |first=Sydney |last=Geffard |year=1997 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-06891-7 |
In 1952, he was appointed Foreign Minister and served in that position until 1954. In 1954, building on work by Ikeda, Okazaki signed a [[U.S. and Japan Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement|Mutual Security Assistance (MSA) Agreement]] with U.S. Ambassador [[John Moore Allison|John Allison]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Japan Among the Powers, 1890-1990 |first=Sydney |last=Geffard |year=1997 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-06891-7}}</ref> |
||
In 1961 he was called out of retirement to serve in the United Nations in what was described at the time as a move to strengthen the Japanese delegation. He served as Japan's delegate to the United Nations from April 1961 to July 1963.<ref name="Washington Post 1965">Washington Post, October 12, 1965, pC4</ref> |
In 1961 he was called out of retirement to serve in the United Nations in what was described at the time as a move to strengthen the Japanese delegation. He served as Japan's delegate to the United Nations from April 1961 to July 1963.<ref name="Washington Post 1965">''Washington Post'', October 12, 1965, pC4</ref> |
||
==Death== |
==Death== |
||
Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
==Family members== |
==Family members== |
||
Okazaki was married to Shimako |
Okazaki was married to Shimako with whom he had a son, Taro, and a daughter, Yoshiko.<ref>Yoshiko's name could possibly be Toshiko. Obituary, New York Times, Oct 12, 1965, p47 The New York Times' obituary referred to Okazaki's daughter as "Toshiko". Other articles refer to her as Yoshiko or Yoshi. See for example New York Times, [https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/05/sports/figure-skating-high-hopes-in-a-tough-season.html "FIGURE SKATING; High Hopes in a Tough Season", January 5, 1998]. Her mother's name in Japanese is "淑子" which can be read either Yoshiko or Toshiko. See: http://olympico.cocolog-nifty.com/olympic_plus/2005/10/33_45b1.html</ref> |
||
He is the grandfather of the Japanese |
He is the grandfather of the [[Japanese-American]] figure skater [[Kyoko Ina]], Yoshiko's daughter.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200417192942/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/in/kyoko-ina-1.html Sports Reference for Kyoko Ina]</ref> |
||
== References == |
== References == |
||
Line 75: | Line 75: | ||
{{s-start}} |
{{s-start}} |
||
{{s-par|jp-lwr}} |
|||
{{s-bef|before=Saburo Ogoshi}} |
|||
{{s-ttl|title=Chair, Committee on Foreign Affairs of the [[House of Representatives of Japan]]|years=1949–1950}} |
|||
{{s-aft|after=Goro Morishima}} |
|||
{{s-off}} |
{{s-off}} |
||
{{s-bef|before=Kaneshichi Masuda}} |
{{s-bef|before=Kaneshichi Masuda}} |
||
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Cabinet Secretary]]|years=1950 |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Cabinet Secretary]]|years=1950–1951}} |
||
{{s-aft|after=Shigeru Hori}} |
{{s-aft|after=Shigeru Hori}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
{{s-bef|before=[[Shigeru Yoshida]]}} |
{{s-bef|before=[[Shigeru Yoshida]]}} |
||
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1952 |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=1952–1954}} |
||
{{s-aft|after=[[Mamoru Shigemitsu]]}} |
{{s-aft|after=[[Mamoru Shigemitsu]]}} |
||
{{s-gov}} |
|||
{{s-new|office}} |
|||
{{s-ttl|title=Director, Intelligence and Analysis Service of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Japan]]|years=1945}} |
|||
{{s-aft|after=Shoji Ogata}} |
|||
{{s-dip}} |
|||
|- |
|||
{{s-non|reason=Consulate evacuated}} |
|||
{{s-ttl|title=Japanese Consul General to [[Guangzhou]]|years=1939–1941}} |
|||
{{s-aft|after=Nagao Kita}} |
|||
|- |
|||
{{s-bef|before=Akiyoshi Tajiri}} |
|||
{{s-ttl|title=Japanese Consul General to [[Hong Kong]]|years=1940–1942}} |
|||
{{s-aft|after=Seiki Yano}} |
|||
|- |
|||
{{s-non|reason=N/A}} |
|||
{{s-ttl|title=Japanese Consul General to [[Kolkata]]|years=1941}} |
|||
{{s-non|reason=Office abolished}} |
|||
|- |
|||
{{s-bef|before=[[Koto Matsudaira]]}} |
|||
{{s-ttl|title=Japanese Ambassador to the [[United Nations]]|years=1961–63}} |
|||
{{s-aft|after=Akira Matsui}} |
|||
{{s-end}} |
{{s-end}} |
||
{{Japan Championships in Athletics men's 1500 metres champions}} |
|||
{{Authority control}} |
|||
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
|||
| NAME = Okazaki, Katsuo |
|||
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
|||
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Japanese athlete-politician |
|||
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1897 |
|||
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Kanagawa, Japan |
|||
| DATE OF DEATH = 1965 |
|||
| PLACE OF DEATH = Tokyo, Japan |
|||
}} |
|||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Okazaki, Katsuo}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Okazaki, Katsuo}} |
||
[[Category:1897 births]] |
[[Category:1897 births]] |
||
[[Category:1965 deaths]] |
[[Category:1965 deaths]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Sportspeople from Yokohama]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Politicians from Yokohama]] |
||
[[Category:Japanese |
[[Category:Japanese sportsperson-politicians]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Japanese male middle-distance runners]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Japanese male long-distance runners]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:Olympic male long-distance runners]] |
||
[[Category:Olympic athletes |
[[Category:Olympic athletes for Japan]] |
||
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1924 Summer Olympics]] |
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1924 Summer Olympics]] |
||
[[Category:Japan Championships in Athletics winners]] |
|||
[[Category:Government ministers of Japan]] |
[[Category:Government ministers of Japan]] |
||
[[Category:Foreign ministers of Japan]] |
[[Category:Foreign ministers of Japan]] |
||
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Japan)]] |
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Japan)]] |
||
[[Category:Japanese sportsperson-politicians]] |
|||
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of Japan to the United Nations]] |
[[Category:Permanent Representatives of Japan to the United Nations]] |
||
[[Category:Chairmen of the Shanghai Municipal Council]] |
|||
[[Category:University of Tokyo alumni]] |
[[Category:University of Tokyo alumni]] |
||
[[Category:Consuls General of Japan in Hong Kong]] |
|||
[[Category:Athletes from Kanagawa Prefecture]] |
Latest revision as of 09:52, 7 February 2024
Katsuo Okazaki | |
---|---|
Minister for Foreign Affairs | |
In office 30 October 1952 – 9 December 1954 | |
Prime Minister | Shigeru Yoshida |
Preceded by | Shigeru Yoshida |
Succeeded by | Mamoru Shigemitsu |
Chief Cabinet Secretary | |
In office 6 May 1950 – 26 December 1951 | |
Prime Minister | Shigeru Yoshida |
Preceded by | Kaneshichi Masuda |
Succeeded by | Shigeru Hori |
Chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council | |
In office 5 January 1942 – 1 August 1943 | |
Preceded by | John Hellyer Liddell |
Succeeded by | Council disbanded |
Personal details | |
Born | 10 July 1897 Kanagawa, Japan |
Died | 10 October 1965 Tokyo, Japan | (aged 68)
Political party | Liberal Democratic Party (1955–1963) |
Other political affiliations | Democratic Liberal Party (1949–1950) Liberal Party (1950–1955) |
Alma mater | Tokyo Imperial University |
Katsuo Okazaki (岡崎 勝男, Okazaki Katsuo, 10 July 1897 – 10 October 1965) was a Japanese sportsman, diplomat and political figure. He served as the Japanese foreign minister in the 1950s. He was also the final – and only Japanese – chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council.[1]
Early life
[edit]Okazaki was born on 10 July 1897 in Kanagawa, Japan. He was the 10th son of Yasunosuke Okazaki.[2] He studied law at the University of Tokyo and then joined the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[3]
Sporting prowess
[edit]Okazaki participated in the 1924 Paris Olympic Summer Games, qualifying for the 5,000 m final with a time of 15.22.2e.[4] In the final, he fainted in the heatwave and was carried away by medics.[5] He had much success at the Far Eastern Championship Games, winning the mile run at the 1921 Games then doing a middle-distance double in the mile and 880 yards at the 1923 event in Osaka.[6]
Consular positions
[edit]Okasaki served as second secretary to the Japanese Embassy in Washington, D.C. in the early 1930s.[7]
He also served in numerous positions in China during the 1930s, including serving as Japanese Consul-General in Nanjing after the Fall of Nanking to the Imperial Japanese Army and during the Nanking Massacre. In 1938, he was serving as Japanese Consul General in Canton.[8] In October 1939 was appointed Japanese Consul at Hong Kong, a position he held until January 1941.[9]
Shanghai Municipal Council
[edit]In early January 1942 Okazaki was appointed as Chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council after the British and American members resigned following the commencement of the Pacific War and the occupation of the Shanghai International Settlement by Japanese troops.[10] After the resignation of the Commissioner General, G. Godfrey Phillips which took effect from 1 March 1942, Okasaki also took over the role of Commissioner General in an honorary capacity.[11] He served until 1943 when the council was disbanded.
Surrender of Japan
[edit]Okazaki took part in the surrender negotiations between the Japanese emissaries and American military officials on Iejima in 1945. He was present as a representative of Japan at the formal surrender on 2 September 1945 aboard the USS Missouri.
Post-war political and diplomatic career
[edit]Okazaki was elected to the Japanese House of Representatives in 1949. In 1951, he was appointed by Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida as Chief Cabinet Secretary and state minister without portfolio.[3]
In 1952, he was appointed Foreign Minister and served in that position until 1954. In 1954, building on work by Ikeda, Okazaki signed a Mutual Security Assistance (MSA) Agreement with U.S. Ambassador John Allison.[12]
In 1961 he was called out of retirement to serve in the United Nations in what was described at the time as a move to strengthen the Japanese delegation. He served as Japan's delegate to the United Nations from April 1961 to July 1963.[13]
Death
[edit]Okazaki died on 10 October 1965 in Tokyo of a stomach ulcer at the age of 68.[13]
Family members
[edit]Okazaki was married to Shimako with whom he had a son, Taro, and a daughter, Yoshiko.[14]
He is the grandfather of the Japanese-American figure skater Kyoko Ina, Yoshiko's daughter.[15]
References
[edit]- ^ "Katsuo Okazaki". Olympedia. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
- ^ 『第廿一版 人事興信録 上』
- ^ a b Obituary, New York Times, Oct 12, 1965, p47
- ^ Sports Reference for Katsuo Okazaki
- ^ Raevuori, Antero (1997). Paavo Nurmi, juoksijoiden kuningas (in Finnish) (2nd ed.). WSOY. p. 174. ISBN 951-0-21850-2.
- ^ Far Eastern Championships. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-12-18.
- ^ T Maga, Judgment at Tokyo: The Japanese War Crimes Trials, p. 41
- ^ China Monthly Review Volume 86, page 422
- ^ Hong Kong Government Gazette, October 25, 1939
- ^ New York Times, Jan 9, 1942, p4
- ^ Shanghai Municipal Council Annual Report, 1942, p6
- ^ Geffard, Sydney (1997). Japan Among the Powers, 1890-1990. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-06891-7.
- ^ a b Washington Post, October 12, 1965, pC4
- ^ Yoshiko's name could possibly be Toshiko. Obituary, New York Times, Oct 12, 1965, p47 The New York Times' obituary referred to Okazaki's daughter as "Toshiko". Other articles refer to her as Yoshiko or Yoshi. See for example New York Times, "FIGURE SKATING; High Hopes in a Tough Season", January 5, 1998. Her mother's name in Japanese is "淑子" which can be read either Yoshiko or Toshiko. See: http://olympico.cocolog-nifty.com/olympic_plus/2005/10/33_45b1.html
- ^ Sports Reference for Kyoko Ina
- 1897 births
- 1965 deaths
- Sportspeople from Yokohama
- Politicians from Yokohama
- Japanese sportsperson-politicians
- Japanese male middle-distance runners
- Japanese male long-distance runners
- Olympic male long-distance runners
- Olympic athletes for Japan
- Athletes (track and field) at the 1924 Summer Olympics
- Japan Championships in Athletics winners
- Government ministers of Japan
- Foreign ministers of Japan
- Members of the House of Representatives (Japan)
- Permanent Representatives of Japan to the United Nations
- Chairmen of the Shanghai Municipal Council
- University of Tokyo alumni
- Consuls General of Japan in Hong Kong
- Athletes from Kanagawa Prefecture