Keith W. Kelley

Keith W. Kelley
Born	(1947-11-05) November 5, 1947 Bloomington, Illinois

Keith W. Kelley is an American. He is Professor Emeritus of Immunophysiology at University of Illinois and the Editor-In-Chief Emeritus of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.

Education

Kelley received a B.S. from Illinois State University in 1969. Subsequently, he joined the US Army for a 2-year service in the Viet Nam War. After completing his military service, he enrolled for M.S. at University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign (UIC), completing it in 1973. At the same time, he also started working at UIC as a Graduate Assistant. He received a Ph.D. from UIC in 1976. His thesis was in the area of Energy Metabolism.

Career

In 1976, after completing his Ph.D., Kelley joined Washington State University as an Assistant Professor and taught there until 1984, when he left to join UIC as Professor in the Department of Animal Sciences.

In 1982, he was invited to Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Station de Recherches de Virologie et d’Immunologie for a one year research project, which he did on a sabbatical leave from Washington State University. In 1983, he was awarded a fellowship from the French medical research branch Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Recherches de Neurobiologie des Comportements, to conduct investigations on catecholamines and immune function.

Visiting Professor of Immunology. Awarded a competitive fellowship from the French government branch, “Ecole Practique des Hautes Etudes” and INRA, to conduct investigations on neuroendocrine and immune functions during aging, 1987 1988.

Sept. 87 Jan 88 Visiting Professor Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Recherches de Neurobiologie des Comportements, Bordeaux, France (leave of absence)

Scientific Councillor: Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society, Elected by membership-at-large for a two-year term, 1992-1994.

Secretary-Treasurer: PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society, Elected by membership-at-large for a three-year term, 1994-1998. PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society, Elected by membership-at-large for a three-year term as President-Elect, President and Past-President, 1998-2001.

Scientific Councillor: International Society of Neuroimmunomodulation, Elected by membership-at-large for a three-year term, 2000-2002.

Society for Leukocyte Biology (SLB) (1990-2003); Scientific Board of Directors (1996-1998), Emeritus, 2011

1976 1981 Assistant Professor Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University

1971 1976 Graduate Assistant Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

2011-Present Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Animal Sciences, College of ACES Department of Pathology, College of Medicine Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program Division of Nutritional Sciences Faculty Neuroscience Program Faculty

2006-2011 Professor, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

2005-2011 Professor, Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

2003-2017 Editor-in-Chief, Behavior, Behavior, and Immunity, Official Journal of the PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society, Elsevier Science/Academic Press

1987 1988 USDA Grants Program Manager Competitive Biotechnology Program, USDA, Animal Growth and Development Study Section, Washington, DC (25% appointment)

Competitive International Award from Chinese Government: Two-year central government grant to establish an active regional network of Chinese scientists/physicians designated PNIRS China who are conducting research in brain, behavior and immunity, 2013-2014.

National Institutes of Health, Study Section Full Member: Appointment as a Full Member of the Neuroendocrinology, Neuroimmunology, Rhythms and Sleep (NNRS) Study Section, 2014-2018

Research Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans Illnesses. Boston, Massachusetts, 2009

Frontiers in Psychoneuroimmunology: Cytokines and performance. Saddlebrook, Florida, 2009

Ponce School of Medicine, Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE), “Development of an Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program,” Ponce, Puerto Rico, 2009

University of Virginia College of Medicine, “How did the immune system ever become related to behavior?,” Charlottesville, Virginia, 2010

Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society Annual Meeting, “A primer in psychoneuroimmunology: Learning from the past,” Dublin, Ireland, 2010

Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society Annual Meeting, “Autism, neuroimmunology, and animal models,” Symposium Discussant, Dublin, Ireland, 2010

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. The immune system regulates animal and human behavior. Baltimore, Maryland, 2010

University of Massachusetts, “Why do we feel sick and behave in a sick way when we are ill? A case of immune-to-brain communication,” 12th Annual Symposium of the Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts. 2010

Society for Neuroscience, Satellite symposium entitled, “Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Brain Functions and Alcohol Related Disorders.” San Diego, California, 2010

European Winter Conference on Brain Research, From systemic infection to brain inflammation: The role of tryptophan metabolism in depressive-like behaviors. Les Deux Alps, France. 2011

Workshop State of the Knowledge on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Research, Immunophysiology of the chronic fatigue syndrome. Bethesda, Maryland. 2011

Argentine Society of Clinical Investigation (SAIC) and the Argentine Society of Physiology 2011 (SAFIS), How did the immune system ever become related to behavior? Mar del Plata, Argentina. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology Symposium, Immune-neural connections: How the immune system’s response to infectious agents influences behavior. Tuscany, Italy, 2012

Nantong University, School of Medicine, How did the immune system ever become related to behavior? Nantong, China, 2012

BIT Life Sciences Third Annual World Congress of Neurotalk, Systemic Inflammation and the Brain, Beijing, China, 2012

Dalian Medical University, Opening welcome lecture: A global perspective in understanding and treating cancer. Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Dalian Medical University, Getting nervous about immunity. Opening ceremony of PNIRSChina, Dalian, China

Jining Medical University, Office of the President Professor Bai Bo, PNIRS for Chinese scientists. Jining Medical University, Jining, China

Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society Annual Meeting, Everything you wanted to know but were afraid to ask about scientific publishing. Symposium entitled, “Neuro-Endocine-Immune Interactions: some hot points in inflammation,” Stockholm, Sweden, 2013

Australia Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting, What is psychneuroimmunology and what is its future?, Satellite Workshop entitled, “Body and Mind: Treating the parts or managing the whole?” Adelaide, Australia, 2014

American Association of Anatomists-sponsored Symposium entitled, “Getting Nervous About Immunity.” Introduction to immunophysiology. Experimental Biology 2014. San Diego, California, 2014

21st International Neuroscience and Biopsychiatry "Stress and Behavior" Conference, Symposium entitled, “The role of immune cells in mental and neurodevelopmental disorders,” St-Petersburg, Russia, 2014

Chinese Conference of Physiological Sciences, “A global need for integrating neuroscience, immunology and behavior in biomedical research. Shanghai, China, 2014

NIH Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (RISE), “Getting nervous about immunity,” Ponce School of Medicine. Ponce, Puerto Rico, 2015

Plenary Lecture, “Improving health care by integrating immunology and neuroscience in biomedical research. Interactions of the nervous and immune systems in health and disease, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2015

Keynote Speaker: Spring Neuroscience Day, Research Triangle Chapter of the Society for Neuroscience; Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 2016

Invited Speaker, meeting entitled, “Brain Body Interactions”in the Champalimaud Neuroscience Program; Lisbon, Portugal, 2016

Invited Speaker, Integrating immunology and neuroscience, Federation of European Neuroscience Societies, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2016

Invited Speaker, PNIRSChina and Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. International Conference of Physiological Sciences, Beijing, China, 2016

Chair and Speaker, Symposium entitled, “Physiology of immunology,” International Conference of Physiological Sciences, PNIRSChina Symposium Organizer and Chair, Beijing, China, 2016

Co-Chair and Speaker, Symposium entitled, “Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society PNIRSChina Workshop,” Brain and immune interaction: Behavior, stress, brain diseases, drugs and nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, PNIRSChina Symposium Speaker, Zhanjiang, China, 2016

Keynote Speaker, Interactions of the nervous and immune systems in health and disease. St. Petersburg, Russia, 2017

Invited Speaker: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Brings Immunology to Neuroscience, Tianjin, China, 2017

Plenary Lecture: International Symposium on Perspectives in Neuroimmunoendocrinology and the III Congress of the Mexican Society of Neuroimmunoendocrinology, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico, 2017

Plenary Lecture: Second Orenda International Psychosomatic Summit. Jackson Hole - Beijing, China, 2017

Keynote Lecture: 7th International Mind-Body Symposium, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 2017

Plenary Lecture: Euro-India International Conference on Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India, 2017

Organizer and Speaker, 25th Physiological Conference of the Chinese Association for Physiological Sciences. Nanchang, China, 2018

Organizer and Speaker: Overview of Symposium, 10th IBRO World Congress of Neuroscience (IBRO 2019). Daegu, Korea, 2019

NIH Grants Awarded as Principal Investigator: 49 years of Grant Awards in the amount of $ 14,099,397 Other Grants Awarded as Principal Investigator: 34 years of Grant Awards in the amount of $ 1,841,757 Grants Awarded as Co-Principal Investigator: 79 years of Grant Awards in the amount of $ 23,253,083

Other activities

Chairman, Environment and Livestock Session of Western Section Animal Science meeting in Pullman, Washington (1976).

Developed specifications and operating procedures for environmental chambers in the Experimental Animal Laboratory Building at WSU (1976 1978).

Consulting editor; “Confinment” (1977 1979).

Chairman, Environment and Livestock Session of National Animal Science Meeting, Tucson, Arizona (1979).

Chairman, Environment and Livestock Session at National Animal Science Meeting, Cornell, New York (1980).

Consultant, Immuno Dynamics of Iowa (1981 1982).

Chairman, Animal Behavior Session at National Animal Science Meeting, Athens, Georgia (1985).

Organized tour of animal agriculture facilities for “Conference on Biotechnology Research” that was held at the University of Illinois (May 30, 1985).

Consultant, International Minerals and Chemical Corporation (1985 1987).

Represented the College of Agriculture, University of Illinois, at Thornridge High School Career Days, Dolton, Illinois (December 4, 1985).

Represented the American Society of Animal Science at meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers where joint research objectives were discussed, Chicago, Illinois (December 18, 1985).

Organized and participated in eight different tours of biotechnology research and facilities in the Department of Animal Sciences (1985 1987).

Consultant, International Minerals and Chemical Corporation (1986 1987).

Consultant, Farmland Industries (1989).

Consultant, Marion Merrell Dow, Inc. (1990 1993).

Consultant, Centeon LLC, Pre-Clinical Research & Development (1996).

Consultant, Electric Power Research Institute (1994-1998).

Consultant, Pfizer Global Research, Inc (2001)

Consultant, AFAR/Pfizer Research Grant awarded to Laura A. Vogel, Assistant Professor, Biology Department, Illinois State University, “Generation of memory responses by aged B lymphocytes” (2002-2003)

Consultant, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington, Delaware (2009-2010)

Editorial work

PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society, Co-chair, PNIRSAsia-Pacific Committee (2017-present)

PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society, Chair, PNIRSChina Committee (2012-2017)

Editorial Board, International Journal of Tryptophan Research (2010-2013)

PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society, Communication Committee (2010-2012)

Editorial Board, International Journal of Medical Sciences (2006-2015)

PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society, Finance Committee (2005-2015)

PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society, Web Transition Committee (2005-2006)

External Advisory Committee, “Training Program in Integrative Immunology,” T32 Institutional Training Grant funded by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The Ohio State University, Drs. Virgina Sanders and Carol Whitacre as Principal Investigators (2003-2008)

PsychoNeuroImmunology Ad hoc Journal Subcommittee, Chair (2003-2010)

Editor-in-Chief, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity (2003-2017)

Editorial Board, Current Pharmaceutical Design (2003 - 2018)

Editorial Board, Progress in NeuroEndocrinImmunology (1988 1993)

Editorial Board, Behavior, Behavior, and Immunity (1990 2002)

Editorial Board, Neuroimmunomodulation (1993 -2018)

Editorial Board, Endocrinology (1994-1998)

Editorial Board, Neuroendocrinology (1995-1999)

Associate Editor, Animal Biotechnology (1989 1994)

Development Committee, PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society, (2002-2015)

External Reviewer, The Ohio State University, Promotion and tenure for Dr. David A. Padgett, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry (2002)

Scientific Board of Directors, International Society of Neuroimmunomodulation, Elected by Membership (2000-2002)

Awards and honors

Professional Award: National Animal Management Award, American Society of Animal Science, Sponsored by Merck Research Laboratories and formally presented in Logan, Utah, 1987.

Paul A. Funk College Wide Recognition Award for meritorious and outstanding research, 1992.

Professional Award: Senior University Scholar for Faculty Excellence, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1994.

Professional Award: Wellcome Visiting Professorship in Basic Medical Sciences, Kansas State University, 1994-1995.

Departmental Recognition for the H.H. Mitchell Award for Excellence in Graduate Teaching and Research, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1997. College Wide Recognition for the Senior College Faculty Award for Excellence in Research, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1997.

National Animal Physiology and Endocrinology Award, American Society of Animal Science, Sponsored by Protiva, a Unit of Monsanto Company and formally presented in Nashville, Tennessee, 1997.

Professional Award: Norman Cousins Memorial Lecture and Award from the PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society, a career capstone research award to honor Norman Cousins, Amelia Island, Florida, 2003.

Professional Award: The Jim Flood Memorial Lecture Distinguished Lectureship: Mind-Body Connection to the Immune System. The 16th Annual Saint Louis University Summer Geriatric Institute, St. Louis, Missouri, 2005

Professional Award: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Elected as Fellow in the category of Medical Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2011.

ACCOLADES http://www.med.illinois.edu/articles/article.php?research&id=41 Honoring Dr. Keith W. Kelley, Emeritus Professor of Pathology in the College of Medicine Thursday, June 20th, 2013 The College of Medicine at Illinois recognizes Dr. Keith W. Kelley, Professor Emeritus of Pathology and Emeritus Professor of Animal Sciences, for excellence in interdisciplinary research and teaching. Dr. Kelley joined the College of Medicine in 2006 to expand the collaborative efforts of the Integrative Immunology and Behavior (IIB) Program in the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences at Illinois where he has been a Professor of Animal Sciences since 1984. In 2011, he was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for “…exceptional and scholarly contributions in brain, behavior, and immunity by recognizing and advancing the physiology of immunology and its role in communicating with the brain.” Professor Kelley is a long-time advocate of interdisciplinary research. By combining his expertise in immunology and neuroscience, he has shown that inflammation throughout the body transmits that information to the brain. This immune-to-brain circuit causes changes in appetite, body temperature, sleep, pain sensitivity, cognition, stress levels and even mental health. Thanks to his vision, medical scientists now appreciate that the immune system regulates, and is regulated, by the brain. The result is adaptive changes in the physiology of all of us. Professor Kelley has been honored with a dozen university and national awards, has mentored over 50 post-docs, graduate students and medical scholars, has published more than 250 scientific papers and 70 book chapters, has been funded as the Principal Investigator of 50 years of NIH grants, and is a Past-President and Secretary-Treasurer of the PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society. Since the fall of 2002, he has served as Editor-in-Chief of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, which ranks in the top 20% of all scientific journals in both immunology and neuroscience. This journal is considered to be the “best immunology journal in the neurosciences.” Dr. Kelley maintains an active laboratory and remains engaged in writing grant applications and scientific papers. A few months ago he was honored with an award from China in their Recruitment Program of High-Level Overseas Talent. With the collaboration of Chinese colleagues, he hopes to advance interdisciplinary research by promoting studies aimed at better understanding Western and Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of cancer patients.

Keith Kelley’s pioneering research created new vistas in animal agriculture by joining physiology and immunology. Thirty years ago he recognized that the immune system communicates with the brain and neuroendocrine system. Kelley is now considered the authority in neuroimmune communication. His visions and discoveries transformed traditional concepts of animal growth.

CURRICULUM VITAE

Keith W. Kelley was born November 5, 1947 in Colfax, Illinois. He earned a B.S. degree (Honors) in agriculture from Illinois State University in 1969. He served in Vietnam, and in 1976 he received the Ph.D. in Animal Sciences from the University of Illinois. After promotion to Associate Professor at Washington State, he returned in 1984 to Illinois as a Professor of Animal Sciences. Dr. Kelley has published 230 papers, and the top 10 have been cited over 2,100 times. He has written 44 chapters and delivered 250 lectures worldwide. He is a University Scholar and has received numerous honors, including the Animal Management (1987) and Animal Physiology (1997) awards from the American Society of Animal Science, the capstone Cousins Research Award (2003) from the PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society (PNIRS), the Jim Flood Distinguished Lectureship (2005) at St. Louis University, and both Wellcome and Gordon Conference Lectureships. He has been PI of NIH (42 funding years) and USDA (12 years) grants. Dr. Kelley was Program Manager for USDA competitive grants, served on three dozen NIH study sections and was President of PNIRS. He is Editor-in-Chief of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, ranking in the top third of all journals in either immunology or neuroscience.

STATEMENT OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS

In 1976, the immune system was considered only to protect against infectious diseases. Keith Kelley reshaped that view by applying immunological and endocrinological concepts to farm animal production. He brought physiology to immunology, publishing a dozen articles in each of the major specialty journals, J. Immunology and Endocrinology. Because of his contributions, it is now accepted that there is an active dialogue between the immune system and brain of farm animals. His findings paved a scientific highway for integration of immunological concepts into traditional disciplines of food animal agriculture.

Dr. Kelley used two simple but elegant approaches to prove the existence of important neuroendocrine-immune communication systems: (a) substances from the brain and neuroendocrine system affect immune responses and (b) products from an activated immune system affect the brain. These messengers are hormones and cytokines, respectively. Professor Kelley concentrated on growth hormone and IGF-I because they control 80% of postnatal growth. His experiments were the first to establish that the pituitary gland is required for effective immunity against Salmonella, and protective immunity is restored with growth hormone. He recently demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines directly impair IGF-I-induced protein synthesis in porcine muscle cells. In 1992, Professor Kelley discovered that proinflammatory cytokines from the immune system are key messengers that inform the brain an infection has occurred elsewhere in the body. The brain responds by reducing food intake, promoting sleep and conserving resources of food-producing animals. Keith Kelley’s discoveries of brain-immune communication defined a previously unrecognized physiological system that regulates food animal productivity.

PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE

Year Details of Publication

1986 Kelley, K.W., S. Brief, H.J. Westly, J. Novakofski, P.J. Bechtel, J. Simon and E.B. Walker. 1986. GH3 pituitary adenoma implants can reverse thymic aging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:5663 5667.

1986 Westly, H.J., A.J. Kleiss, K.W. Kelley, P.K.Y. Wong and P. H. Yuen. 1986. Newcastle disease virus infected splenocytes express the pro opiomelanocortin gene. J. Exp. Med. 163:1589 1594.

1988 Edwards, C.K., III., S.M. Ghiasuddin, J.M. Schepper, L.M. Yunger and K.W. Kelley. 1988. A newly defined property of somatotropin: Priming of macrophages for production of superoxide anion. Science 239:769 771.

1991 Edwards, C.K., III., L.M. Yunger, R.M. Lorence, R. Dantzer and K.W. Kelley. 1991. The pituitary gland is required for protection against lethal effects of Salmonella typhimurium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:2274 2277.

1992 Kent, S., R.M. Bluthé, K.W. Kelley and R. Dantzer. 1992. Sickness behavior as a new target for drug development. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 13:24 28.

1992 Fu, Y.K., S. Arkins, G. Fuh, B.C. Cunningham, J.A. Wells, S. Fong, M.J. Cronin, R. Dantzer and K.W. Kelley. 1992. Growth hormone augments superoxide anion secretion of human neutrophils by binding to the prolactin receptor. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 89:451 457.

1992 Kent, S., R.M. Bluthé, R. Dantzer, A.J. Hardwick, K.W. Kelley, N.J. Rothwell and J.L. Vannice. 1992. Different receptor mechanisms mediate the pyrogenic and behavioral effects of interleukin 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:9117-9120.

1992 Sabharwal, P., R. Glaser, W. Lafuse, S. Varma, Q. Liu, S. Arkins, R. Kooijman, L. Kutz, K.W. Kelley and W.B. Malarkey. 1992. Prolactin synthesized and secreted by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: An autocrine growth factor for lymphoproliferation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:7713 7716.

1999 Venters, H.D., Q. Tang, Q. Liu, R.W. VanHoy, R. Dantzer and K.W. Kelley. 1999. A new mechanism of neurodegeneration: A proinflammatory cytokine inhibits receptor signaling by a survival peptide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:9879-9884.

2004 Shen, W.H., Y. Yin, S.R. Broussard, R.H. McCusker, G.G. Freund, R. Dantzer and K.W. Kelley. 2004. Tumor necrosis factor  inhibits cyclin A expression and retinoblastoma hyperphosphorylation triggered by insulin-like growth factor-I induction of new E2F-1 synthesis. J. Biological Chemistry 279:7438-7446.

2008 Dantzer, R., J.C. O’Connor, G.G. Freund, R.W. Johnson and K.W. Kelley. 2008. From inflammation to sickness and depression: When the immune system subjugates the brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9:46-57.

2008 Jang, S., K.W. Kelley and R.W. Johnson. 2008. Luteolin reduces interleukin-6 production in microglia by inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation and activation of AP-1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (In Press)

Keith W. Kelley is a leading scientist in the field of neuroimmune interactions. His career research contributions have greatly impacted all the major fields in psychoneuroimmunology, including some of the first studies on the effects of stress on immunity, the restoration of immune functions in aged subjects by pituitary-derived hormones, the role of hormones on susceptibility to infectious disease and hematopoiesis, and more recently, the molecular mechanisms that mediate the cytotoxic effects of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF on neurons.

The hallmark of a good scientist and teacher is the ability to observe phenomena, formulate hypotheses and then design critical experiments to test these hypotheses. These time-honored and fundamental attributes characterize Keith Kelley's approach to science. His success can be measured by his leadership in establishing immunology in the fields of endocrinology, neuroscience and animal sciences. He has been asked by the National Institutes of Health to serve on two dozen study sections. Dr. Kelley has a remarkable list of quality publications, which has led to worldwide respect by his peers. He has brought substantial recognition to the entire field of psychoneuroimmunology, which has greatly contributed to the rapid growth and acceptance of this type of research endeavor during the past ten years. Dr. Kelley has been very successful attracting research funds, mostly from the National Institutes of Health, amounting to $10 million. Indeed, during the 17 years that Dr. Kelley has been at the University of Illinois, he has been awarded 30 years of NIH research support. These funds have permitted Dr. Kelley to publish 53 chapters in books and 177 peer reviewed, scientific research articles during his 25-year career (7 scientific papers per year). His papers are published in highly regarded journals such as Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Journal of Experimental Medicine, Journal of Clinical Investigation, Endocrinology and the Journal of Immunology. His experiments published in these reputable journals forms a strong base for the entire field of immunophysiology and the broader discipline of psychoneuroimmunology.

Dr. Kelley’s Main Contributions to Psychoneuroimmunology

Discovery of a New Concept in Neurodegeneration: Two years ago, Dr. Kelley and his students published a ground-breaking paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that describes how proinflammatory cytokines in the brain cause the death of neurons. This paper was selected by the Editors of the Proceedings for a special commentary, which was written by a leading expert in the field, Nancy Rothwell at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom. Less that 5% of the papers published in the Proceedings are accorded this honor. As a result of this seminal publication, Dr. Kelley was asked to develop his new concept of how neurons die in response to TNF for the leading peer-reviewed journal in the field of neuroscience, Trends in Neuroscience. In this article, Dr. Kelley explained how he discovered that the neurotoxic cytokine TNF acts in a way that had never before been suspected. Up until this paper was published, the p55 receptor for TNF was best characterized by its ability to induce signals that directly trigger cell death. However, Dr. Kelley discovered that this is not the only way the TNF receptor kills neurons. He developed strong evidence for a new concept of neurodegeneration by which the TNF receptor induces death indirectly through the Silencing Of Survival Signals (SOSS). In this view, the TNF receptor acts to inhibit survival signals, such as phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinase (PI 3-kinase), that are activated by the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor. Subsequent work in his laboratory supported this concept and enabled further characterization of the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the neurotoxic effects of TNF.

This mechanism of intracellular cross talk is the most pathophysiologically relevant action of TNF in the brain and is certainly applicable to a broad number of receptors that are localized on the same cell. Meanwhile, consistent with Dr. Kelley’s approach of applying fundamental discovery research in a variety of both human and animal systems, he has now presented evidence that this basic mechanism of TNF-induced resistance of the IGF receptor will also explain why TNF inhibits the ability of muscle cells to grow and synthesize protein. If true, this will begin to explain why sick animals and humans grow poorly and inefficiently during the course of an infectious disease.

A Classic Hormonal Growth Factor is Discovered to Promote Survival and Differentiation of Cells of the Immune System: Insulin-like growth factor-I is well known as one of the most important hormones that promote the growth and development of muscle tissue in humans. Prior to Dr. Kelley’s recent findings, most evidence favored the view that this small 70 amino acid peptide promotes only cellular proliferation. In an impressive series of papers published since 1996, Dr. Kelley and his students have shown that IGF-I is also a survival factor for both hematopoietic cells (J. Immunology, 1996) and cerebellar granule neurons (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1999). These discoveries are key to understanding how white blood cells live, die and develop into mature cells that actively defend the body against infectious diseases.

IGF-I acts by maintaining cellular expression of a survival protein known as Bcl-2 (J. Immunology, 1997), and this is accomplished by activating the key intracellular enzyme PI 3-kinase (J. Immunology, 1999). Differentiation of promyeloid cells into both neutrophils (J. Immunology, 1997) and macrophages (J. Immunology, 1998) is promoted by IGF-I. Development of cells into neutrophils induces expression of a key intracellular signaling molecule utilized by the IGF-I receptor, insulin receptor substrate-2, which allows for activation of the IGF-I receptor (J. Immunology, 2000). Enhanced differentiation is associated with elevated expression of cyclin E, inactivation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppression and suppression of the p27KIP1 inhibitor (Mol. Cell. Biol., 1999). These key findings are now leading other scientists to explore and define these roles of IGF-I in animal growth as well as in human diseases ranging from stroke to cancer.

Involution of the Thymus Gland During Aging Is Reversed with Pituitary Hormones: It has long been known that as humans and animals age, their ability to withstand infections declines. This reduction is directly associated with a decline in the body's capacity to regulate the immune response. This is a major issue for the roughly 30 million people over the age of 65 in the USA, a population that will double within the next 30 years. In 1986, Keith Kelley seized upon this unfortunate fact of life as a key model in which to study the regulation of immune function. He reasoned that the decline in immune function might be directly correlated with the decline in the production and release of pituitary growth hormone. His findings, published that year in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, demonstrated for the first time that the shrunken and atrophic key lymphoid organ, the thymus, could be literally rejuvenated by growth hormone. He subsequently showed that growth hormone overcomes a block in the development of T cells in the thymus gland of aged rats, allowing double negative immature thymocytes to complete growth and maturation (Endocrinology, 1992). His early work with athymic nude rats (J. Neuroscience Res., 1987) has now been seized upon by colleagues at the NIH who have used a similar model system to study T cell differentiation in mice with congenital defects in both T and B cell development. More importantly, these investigators and others are testing growth hormone and IGF-I as immunostimulants and an enhancer of T cell development in HIV-infected patients. His most recent research on this topic, published this year in the February issue of Endocrinology, has received substantial press (e.g, the new aging website of Science magazine, SAGE, at http://sageke.sciencemag.org/literature/nf/thisweek/). He showed that growth hormone reverses the loss of erythrocytic and myelocytic cells in the bone marrow of aged rats. This impressive recovery is accompanied by a complete reversal of the accumulation of adipocytes in the bone marrow. Growth hormone has now been shown to be beneficial in aged humans. These developments result in no small way from Keith Kelley's pioneering work on growth hormone, IGF-I and immune function. The NIH has funded Dr. Kelley's research on aging, growth hormone and immunity since 1986, and the USDA funded Dr. Kelley's work for 9 consecutive years. In 1992, Keith was asked to serve as a Special Editor for an entire, peer-reviewed issue of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity (Vol. 6) that was dedicated to the topic of growth hormone, prolactin, IGF-I and immunity. Keith Kelley continues to be at the vanguard of most new developments in growth hormone and immunity; he and his students have been asked to write most of the major reviews on growth hormone and immunity that have appeared since 1986 (e.g., Biochem. Pharmacol., 1989; Brain, Behavior and Immunity, 1992; J. Dairy Sci., 1993; Neuroimmunomodulation, 1999; Psychoneuroimmunology III, 2001).

Identifying Mechanisms and Genes Involved in Neuroendocrine Regulation of Resistance to Infectious Disease: The first paper to unequivocally demonstrate a critical role for the neuroendocrine system in protective immunity was published by Dr. Kelley and his students in 1991 (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences). They demonstrated that in the absence of a pituitary gland, rats infected with Salmonella typhimurium die much more rapidly that their sham-operated controls with a hypophysis. Growth hormone significantly improves survival of rats infected with S. typhimurium by increasing the bactericidal activity of macrophages (Infection and Immunity, 1992) and neutrophils (Infection and Immunity, 1994). Dr. Kelley's group showed that this occurs because growth hormone activates macrophages (Science, 1988) and neutrophils (J. Immunol., 1991) to produce superoxide anion. By using a panel of growth hormone variants created by site-directed mutagenesis, Dr. Kelley and his colleagues at Genentech, Inc. showed that human neutrophils use the prolactin rather than the growth hormone receptor to prime phagocytes for free oxygen radical secretion (J. Clinical Investigation, 1992).

Molecular Basis for Neural-Immune System Interactions: Dr. Kelley was the first to use a molecular approach to show that a classical pituitary hormone, pro-opiomelanocortin, is actually synthesized by leukocytes (J. Exp. Med., 1986). He expanded these findings with colleagues at Ohio State University to show that leukocytes also synthesize prolactin (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1992) and IGF-I (Endocrinology, 1993; Molecular Endocrinology, 1995). Based on his results and those of others, endocrinologists are now reevaluating their classical definition of a hormone and immunologists now regard some interleukins (e.g., IL-1) as hormones because they act in the brain to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. At the theoretical level, this is an important concept. Dr. Kelley's data help form the basis for the growing awareness that leukocytes may serve as our "sixth sense" because they possess the receptors that are needed to "see" pathogens. Activation of these receptors that have now been identified to belong to the class of Toll-like receptors by microbial specific membrane patterns is responsible for the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines that act on neural afferents to inform the central nervous system that pathogenic microorganisms have entered the body. A number of physiological responses are subsequently activated and coordinated by the brain, such as fever, sleep, anorexia, inactivity and release of corticotropin releasing factor. In 1992, together with his French colleagues, he offered substantial support for this idea by showing that peripherally-injected IL-1 induces a substantial reduction in the motivation of rats to eat. This reduction was attenuated by administration of an antagonist of the IL-1 receptor directly into the lateral ventricle of the brain (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1992), which was the first demonstration that cytokines induce sickness behavior by acting in the brain. Dr. Kelley and colleagues used these data to strongly advance the concept of communication networks between the brain and the immune system (Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 1992). This paper, which was the first to develop the concept of “sickness behavior,” is now considered a classic, paradigm-shifting contribution by many experts in the field of psychoneuroimmunology. By helping the Bordeaux group to implement molecular biology techniques for the study of the expression of cytokines and their receptors in the brain, he was instrumental for providing the formal proof that specific receptors for both forms of the IL-1 receptor are expressed in the pituitary (J. Neuroendocrinology, 1993) and in the brain (Molec. Brain Res., 1994; J. Neuroimmunology, 1999). These experiments paved the way for double-labeling, immunohistochemistry experiments showing that both isoforms of the IL-1 receptor are expressed only on pituitary cells that synthesize growth hormone. One of these photomicrographs was selected for the September, 1996 cover page of Endocrinology. His newest research addresses the role of IL-10 in life and death signals of microglia (J. Neuroimmunology, 2002). These and other results have recently been accepted in a review paper entitled, “Interleukin-10 in the Brain” in an article that will be published this year in Critical Reviews in Immunology.

Previous Honors and Recognition

In addition to training post-doctoral associates and undergraduate and graduate students, preparing grant applications and publishing his work in peer-reviewed journals, Dr. Kelley has received several honors. He has been awarded grants from various French government medical agencies to work as a Visiting Professor of Immunology in both Paris and Bordeaux (1982, 1983, and 1987). In 1987, Dr. Kelley was honored by being asked to serve as only the third Program Manager for the USDA Competitive Biotechnology Program in Animal Growth and Development. This program, now known as the USDA National Research Initiative Competitive Grant Program, forms the entire present competitive research division of the USDA. In 1987, the American Society of Animal Science awarded Dr. Kelley their National Animal Management Award, which was sponsored by Merck, Sharp and Dohme Laboratories. The College of Agriculture recognized Dr. Kelley's contributions in 1992 by awarding him the prestigious Paul A. Funk College Wide Recognition Award for meritorious and outstanding research. In 1994, Dr. Kelley was selected as a Senior University Scholar at the University of Illinois. In 1997, Dr. Kelley was honored with three different awards: departmental recognition for the H.H. Mitchell Award for Excellence in Graduate Teaching and Research, college wide recognition in ACES for the Senior College Faculty Award for Excellence in Research and a national honor from the American Society of Animal Science who selected him for their prestigious Animal Physiology and Endocrinology Award. The Burroughs Wellcome Fund and the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology recognized his scientific contributions in 1995 as a Wellcome Visiting Professor in the Basic Medical Sciences. He served from 1994-1998 as the second Secretary-Treasurer of the Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society, and he was honored in 1999 by being elected to the position of President of this society. He published his thoughts in a presidential address by documenting the incredible advances that have been made in psychoneuroimmunology during the past 10 years (Brain, Behavior and Immunity, 2001).

Dr. Kelley is widely regarded as a leading international authority on neuroendocrine control of the immune system. He has hosted 10 international scientists and has served as the senior mentor for 14 post doctoral associates, 13 M.S., 17 M.D./Ph.D or Ph.D. students. He has been asked to serve on the Editorial Boards of several scientific journals, and will be the next Editor-in-Chief of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, the leading journal in the field of psychoneuroimmunology. Each year he reviews 40-50 articles for a variety of peer-reviewed journals. He is widely sought as a scientific speaker, having delivered an average of 11 invited lectures per year all over the world during each of the past 17 years. In 1991, he was invited to UCLA College of Medicine to be a Distinguished Lecturer in Neuroimmunology. He was also asked by the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences to serve as a member of a U.S. team visiting three medical institutes in the USSR (Moscow, Leningrad, Novosibirsk in 1991). The University of Missouri honored him in 1992 when he was asked to present the 21st Samuel Brody Memorial Lecture, which he entitled, "The Physiology of Immunology." Dr. Kelley has been invited to participate in four Gordon Conferences that were held in the United States, and the same number of Gordon Conference equivalents held in Europe (Philippe Laudat and European Science Foundation Conferences). He has presented major lectures on immunophysiology at scientific meetings in cities such as New York, Paris, Moscow, Sidney, Miami, Tokyo, Florence, Budapest, Rehovot, Milan, Los Angeles, Strasbourg and San Francisco.

Coda

In a time frame of 25 years, Keith W. Kelley has made very significant contributions to the field of psychoneuroimmunology, and has maintained remarkable innovation and productivity. In his research, Dr. Kelley has demonstrated the vision, imagination and tenacity of the complete scientist. More than any one else, he has always been keen to describe the phenomenon of interest at different levels of organization, from the whole organism to the molecular level. His present focus on intracellular signaling pathways and cross-talk mechanisms has not changed this integrative view. Thanks to his endeavors, Keith Kelley has achieved international recognition. He is at the forefront of the rapidly moving field of psychoneuroimmunology. His pioneering research has certainly created new horizons in the fields of immunology, endocrinology and neuroscience. Because of all these important contributions, Keith W. Kelley fully deserves recognition as the recipient of the 2003 Norman Cousins Award in Psychoneuroimmunology.

Keith W. Kelley is a Professor Emeritus of Immunophysiology at the University of Illinois. Dr. Kelley earned his Ph.D. in 1976, a time when the immune system was considered only to protect against infectious diseases. He helped reshape that view by bringing physiology to immunology. It is now accepted that there is an active dialogue between the immune system and brain, and these discoveries are improving human and animal health. Professor Kelley has been honored with 10 university and national awards, published 276 peer-reviewed scientific papers as well as 73 book chapters, is well cited with an h-index of 74, been funded for 50 years as the Principal Investigator of NIH grants and served on six dozen NIH study sections. He has mentored 5 Research Assistant Professors and 47 Post-Doctoral/Doctoral/MD/PhD/MS students. Professor Kelley is currently a Full Member of the Neuroendocrinology, Neuroimmunology, Rhythms and Sleep Study Section (NNRS). He is a Past-President and Secretary-Treasurer of the PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society and has been Editor-in-Chief of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity since 2003. The latest impact factor of the journal is 6.3 ranking it in the top 16% of all immunology journals and 12% of neuroscience journals.

International growth and dissemination of information about PNIRS in the Asia-Pacific rim continues unabated with the partnership between Brain, Behavior, and Immunity and PNIRS that began in 2012. In 2016, the PNIRSChina committee was installed as a standing PNIRS committee, expanded and renamed as the PNIRSAsia-Pacific committee. Its goal is to continue to extend the global outreach that was initiated by PNIRSChina to all Eastern countries in addition to China, including Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and India. During the past year, the PNIRSAsia-Pacific committee developed themes, wrote proposals and recruited expert lecturers for BBI/PNIRS-sanctioned symposia in the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of China and Australia, as highlighted below. Professor Ebrahim Haroon at Emory has accepted our invitation to join the PNIRSAsia-Pacific committee. All other current committee members have agreed to continue to serve on the 2019-2020 PNIRSAsia-Pacific committee.

3. Although he retired in 2011, he is recognized for two important activities since then: (a) he continued to serve as only the second Editor-in-Chief of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity (beginning on January 1, 2003 and continuing until Dec. 31, 2017). During this 15 years span, the number of submissions to the journal increased 10-fold and the impact factor tripled. Because the journal has been ranked by the Web of Science in the top 15% of all scientific journals in the categories of both neuroscience and immunology (and just this year in psychiatry as well) for the past several years, it has come to be known as ‘‘the best immunology journal in neuroscience.” and (b) In 2012, he initiated the first effort of the PNIRS society in which he served as the second Secretary/Treasurer and subsequently as President to engage with Chinese scientists conducting research in both traditional and Western medicine. This has been a very successful endeavor, resulting in PNIRS/BBI symposium in a number of major scientific meetings throughout the whole of Asia. Just this year, the PNIRSAsia-Pacific endeavor has been successful in having symposia accepted at meetings in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and New Zealand.

Mind-Body Interface International Meeting in Taichung, Taiwan The PNIRSAsia-Pacific committee organized its second symposium at the 8th Annual Mind-Body Interface International Symposium that was held in Taichung, Taiwan from October 26-28. Nine speakers from five countries represented PNIRS in a symposium entitled, “The Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society Comes to China.” The PNIRS Executive Director, Susan Solomon, made the long trip from California to represent PNIRS. The Editor-in-Chief of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, Carmine Pariante (England), presented a plenary lecture. Other speakers were Chris Coe (Wisconsin), Li Tian (Finland), Cai Song (China), Ebrahim Haroon (Emory), Michelle Erickson (Washington), Ashley Wang (Taiwan), Collen Doran (Minnesota) and Keith Kelley (Illinois). The program for the entire meeting is available at http://www.tsnpr.org.tw/symposium.php. Photos of symposium can be viewed at: https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipMTc6i4HX3A-3Et-knhQpGucLjZ3stgBpGN7nBVRdxuiQhbnG-tbGyZWMd-nKiAyw?key=LUpZQmktUXNOVXdkUWpQaGswN2RTZWl0bm1wOU1n

Nanchang, China: “Moving the physiology of immunology into the clinic” Friday, November 2, was a day that offered another warm welcome of PNIRSAsia-Pacific to the mainland of China in Nanchang by the Chinese Association of Physiological Sciences. The title of the symposium was, Nearly 150 scientists attended the symposium to learn about interdisciplinary research of six scientists from PNIRS. They were Chris Coe (Wisconsin), Li Tian (Finland), Ebrahim Haroon (Emory), Xin Ni (Shanghai), Michelle Erickson (Washington) and Keith Kelley (Illinois).Congrats to Prof. Yu-Ping Peng for organizing another very successful PNIRSAsia-Pacific symposium! For more photos of the symposium, see: https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipPv5rN4gjW84_w4I30LQTROVBQ9nIP3jYWOwE_r2p1lTk2-LQk-bf5cpeCbasOg9w?key=OVBIVjhSY1lYOFVnUFpGR1FaOC1DWlRDUkFkX1pB

Teaching in the People’s Republic of China Professor Ning Quan at The Ohio State University taught 25 students in Wuhan at Hamilton Biotechnology between July 12-25, 2018. The course was entitled, “Stem Cells and Neuroimmunology.” Professor Quan taught the course over 2 weeks, lecturing 4 h/day and 4 days/week. His lectures included the following topics: the neuroimmune suprasystem, immunology background for neuroimmunologists, neuroscience background for neuroimmunologists, stem cells in the CNS, stem therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, stem cells and the treatment of depression. Later, in December of 2018, Ning was invited by Professor Yu-Ping Peng to visit Nantong University. Ning not only interacted with Yu-Ping’s numerous graduate students, he presented a lecture for the entire medical school faculty. Importantly, Dean Sun of the Medical School gave high praises of Ning’s lecture. Thank you Professor Quan for your long-standing and dedicated service to promoting PNI science on the mainland.

PNIRSAsia-Pacific Committee Symposia in 2019-2020 Thanks to long-time PNIRS member, Atsuyoshi Shimada, the PNIRSAsia-Pacific will present its first ever symposium in Japan. Dr. Shimada submitted a successful proposal to the Japanese Neuroscience Society. The successful symposium application is entitled, “Overview: Neuroinflammation and the Blood Brain Interface: New findings in brain pathology.” This scientific society is one of the most well-regarded and oldest neuroscience societies in the world, and our symposium will be held on July 27 in Niigata, Japan. PNIRS members are encouraged to attend. Another first for the PNIRSAsia-Pacific committee will occur on September 22 in Daegu, Korea. During the late spring of 2018, the PNIRSAsia-Pacific submitted a symposium proposal to the 10th International Brain Research Organization (IBRO). The IBRO World Congress has been held every four years since 1982. There were 15 major Asia-Pacific neuroscience societies that competed for 8 symposia slots. Our symposium proposal entitled, “Overview: Dialing in the Dialogue Between Inflammation and the Brain,” has been formally accepted. The complete program of this IRBO meeting is available at www.ibro2019.org. All PNIRS members are welcome to attend. The PNIRSAsia-Pacific committee is organizing our third symposia at the Mind-Body Interface International Meeting that will be held from October 7-9, 2019 in Taichung, Taiwan (www.mbisymposium.org). Past-PNIRS President Professor Michael Irwin will present a plenary lecture. Finally, another first will occur in New Zealand. The Australasian Winter Conference on Brain Research (https://www.otago.ac.nz/awcbr/index.html) has accepted a proposal from the PNIRSAsia-Pacific committee to present a symposium at their annual meeting in Queenstown from August 31 to September 4, 2019. This is the leading neuroscience meeting in New Zealand. Associate Professor Sarah Spencer organized the symposium proposal that features speakers from four countries and is entitled, “PsychoNeuroImmunology Across the Lifespan.”

Kelley's work has been focused on discovering interactions between the nervous system and the immune system, and the relationship between behavior and health. Kelley is considered as an international authority on reciprocal communication systems between the immune system and brain.

Research

Kelley's work has been focused on discovering interactions between the nervous system and the immune system, and the relationship between behavior and health. He was among the first scientists to combine immunology and neuroscience in integrative physiology. In 1976, when he completed his Ph.D., the immune system was considered only to protect against infectious diseases. He reshaped that view by applying immunological and neuroscience concepts to biomedical research. Owing to his research and contributions, it has been accepted by the scientific community at-large that there is an active dialogue between the immune system and brain. In his research, he used to approaches to prove the existence of important neuroendocrine-immune communication systems: substances from the brain and neuroendocrine system affect immune responses, and that products from an activated immune system affect the brain. These messengers are hormones and cytokines, respectively.

Kelley concentrated on growth hormone and IGF-I because they control 80% of postnatal growth. His experiments were the first to establish that the pituitary gland is required for effective immunity against Salmonella, and protective immunity is restored with growth hormone. With his colleagues, he was one of the first scientists to determine that the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 causes major symptoms when injected into the brain. Kelley discovered that proinflammatory cytokines from the immune system are key messengers that inform the brain an infection has occurred elsewhere in the body. The brain responds by reducing appetite, promoting sleep, increasing systemic pain, inducing fever and conserving resources. His discoveries of brain-immune communication defined a previously unrecognized physiological system.

External links

• [www.orcid.org/0000-0002-6837-8793 Kelley's grants and publications]