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*'''[[Pakhet]]''' – A lioness goddess mainly worshipped in the area around [[Beni Hasan]]<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|p=125}}</ref>
*'''[[Pakhet]]''' – A lioness goddess mainly worshipped in the area around [[Beni Hasan]]<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|p=125}}</ref>
*'''[[Renenutet]]''' – An agricultural goddess<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|pp=135–137}}</ref>
*'''[[Renenutet]]''' – An agricultural goddess<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|pp=135–137}}</ref>
*'''[[Satet]]''' – A goddess of Egypt's southern frontier regions<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|pp=140–141}}</ref>
*'''[[Satet]]''' – A goddess of Egypt's southern frontier regions<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|pp=140–141}}</ref><ref name="tour"/>
*'''[[Sekhmet]]''' – A lioness goddess, both destructive and violent and capable of warding off disease, protector of the pharaohs who led them in war, the consort of Ptah and one of many forms of the [[Eye of Ra]].<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|pp=138–139}}</ref>
*'''[[Sekhmet]]''' – A lioness goddess, both destructive and violent and capable of warding off disease, protector of the pharaohs who led them in war, the consort of Ptah and one of many forms of the [[Eye of Ra]].<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|pp=138–139}}</ref>
*'''[[Tefnut]]''' – Goddess of moisture and a member of the Ennead<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|p=156}}</ref>
*'''[[Tefnut]]''' – Goddess of moisture and a member of the Ennead<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|p=156}}</ref>
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* '''[[Bethoron#Etymology|Horon]]''' - originally a Canaanite god
* '''[[Bethoron#Etymology|Horon]]''' - originally a Canaanite god
* '''[[Hu (god)|Hu]]''' - Personification of the authority of the spoken word<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|p=76}}</ref>
* '''[[Hu (god)|Hu]]''' - Personification of the authority of the spoken word<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|p=76}}</ref>
* '''[[Iah]]''' ('''Aah''') - A moon god<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|p=77}}</ref><ref name="waterclass"/>
* '''[[Iah]]''' ('''Aah, Yah''') - A moon god<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|p=77}}</ref><ref name="waterclass"/><ref name="tour"/>
* '''[[Ihy]]''' - A child deity born to Horus and Hathor, representing the music and joy produced by the [[sistrum]]<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|pp=77–78}}</ref>
* '''[[Ihy]]''' - A child deity born to Horus and Hathor, representing the music and joy produced by the [[sistrum]]<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|pp=77–78}}</ref>
* '''[[Ihu (mythology)|Ihu]]''' - God of the sistrum<ref name="waterclass"/>
* '''[[Ihu (mythology)|Ihu]]''' - God of the sistrum<ref name="waterclass"/>
Line 196: Line 196:
* '''[[Wenenu]]''' - A protector god<ref name="complete"/>
* '''[[Wenenu]]''' - A protector god<ref name="complete"/>
*'''[[Wepwawet]]''' - A jackal god, the patron deity of [[Asyut]], connected with warfare and the afterlife<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|pp=162–163}}</ref>
*'''[[Wepwawet]]''' - A jackal god, the patron deity of [[Asyut]], connected with warfare and the afterlife<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|pp=162–163}}</ref>
* '''[[Yah (Egyptian god)|Yah]]''' - A moon god<ref name="tour"/>
*'''[[Yam (god)|Yam]]''' - A Syrian god of the sea who appears in some Egyptian texts<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|p=165}}</ref>
*'''[[Yam (god)|Yam]]''' - A Syrian god of the sea who appears in some Egyptian texts<ref>{{harvnb|Hart|2005|p=165}}</ref>
{{colend}}
{{colend}}
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* '''[[Nebt-Shat]]''' - A goddess of the underworld<ref name="Lawrence2"/>
* '''[[Nebt-Shat]]''' - A goddess of the underworld<ref name="Lawrence2"/>
* '''[[Nebt-Shefshefet]]''' - A goddess of the underworld<ref name="Lawrence2"/>
* '''[[Nebt-Shefshefet]]''' - A goddess of the underworld<ref name="Lawrence2"/>
* '''[[Nefertȧry]]''' - The mother of [[Amenhotep I]], deified<ref name="handbook125"/>
* '''[[Ahmose-Nefertari|Nefertari]]''' - The mother of [[Amenhotep I]], deified<ref name="handbook125"/>
*'''[[Nehmetawy]]''' - A minor goddess, the consort of Nehebu-Kau or Thoth<ref>{{harvnb|Wilkinson|2003|p=156}}</ref>
*'''[[Nehmetawy]]''' - A minor goddess, the consort of Nehebu-Kau or Thoth<ref>{{harvnb|Wilkinson|2003|p=156}}</ref>
* '''[[Nu (mythology)|Nu]]'''
* '''[[Nu (mythology)|Nu]]'''
Line 272: Line 271:
*'''[[Renpet (goddess)|Renpet]]''' - Goddess who personified the year<ref name="Wilkinson 164"/>
*'''[[Renpet (goddess)|Renpet]]''' - Goddess who personified the year<ref name="Wilkinson 164"/>
* '''[[Sait (goddess)|Sait]]''' - A goddess of the underworld<ref name="Lawrence22">{{cite book|last1=Durdin-Robertson|title=Communion With The Goddes|date=1979|page=22}}</ref>
* '''[[Sait (goddess)|Sait]]''' - A goddess of the underworld<ref name="Lawrence22">{{cite book|last1=Durdin-Robertson|title=Communion With The Goddes|date=1979|page=22}}</ref>
* '''[[Satet (goddess)|Satet]]''' - Goddess of the flood<ref name="tour"/>
* '''[[Sefkhet-Abwy]]''' - Goddess of writing and temple libraries<ref name="tour"/>
* '''[[Sefkhet-Abwy]]''' - Goddess of writing and temple libraries<ref name="tour"/>
* '''[[Sehith]]''' - A goddess of the underworld<ref name="Lawrence24">{{cite book|last1=Durdin-Robertson|title=Communion With The Goddes|date=1979|page=24}}</ref>
* '''[[Sehith]]''' - A goddess of the underworld<ref name="Lawrence24">{{cite book|last1=Durdin-Robertson|title=Communion With The Goddes|date=1979|page=24}}</ref>

Revision as of 20:05, 20 September 2020

Pharaoh Menkaure of the Fourth Dynasty, accompanied by the goddesses Bat and Hathor

Ancient Egyptian deities represent natural and social phenomena, as well as abstract concepts.[1] These gods and goddesses appear in virtually every aspect of ancient Egyptian civilization, and more than 1,500 of them are known by name. Many Egyptian texts mention deities' names without indicating their character or role, while other texts refer to specific deities without even stating their name, so a complete list of them is difficult to assemble.[2]

Major deities

Male

  • Aker – A god of the earth and the horizon[3]
  • Amun – A creator god, patron deity of the city of Thebes, and the preeminent deity in Egypt during the New Kingdom[4]
  • Anhur – A god of war and hunting[5][6][7]
  • Aten – Sun disk deity who became the focus of the monolatrous or monotheistic Atenist belief system in the reign of Akhenaten[8]
  • Atum – A creator god and solar deity, first god of the Ennead[9]
  • Bennu – A solar and creator deity, depicted as a heron[10]
  • Geb – An earth god and member of the Ennead[11]
  • Hapi – Personification of the Nile flood[12]
  • Horus – A major god, usually shown as a falcon or as a human child, linked with the sky, the sun, kingship, protection, and healing. Often said to be the son of Osiris and Isis.[13]
  • Khepri – A solar creator god, often treated as the morning form of Ra and represented by a scarab beetle[14]
  • Khnum (Khnemu) – A ram god, the patron deity of Elephantine, who was said to control the Nile flood and give life to gods and humans[15]
  • Khonsu – A moon god, son of Amun and Mut[16]
  • Maahes (Mahes, Mihos) – A lion god, son of Bastet[17][18][6]
  • Montu – A god of war and the sun, worshipped at Thebes[19]
  • Nefertum – God of the lotus blossom from which the sun god rose at the beginning of time. Son of Ptah and Sekhmet.[20]
  • Nemty – Falcon god, worshipped in Middle Egypt,[21] who appears in myth as a ferryman for greater gods[22]
  • Neper – A god of grain[23]
  • Osiris – god of death and resurrection who rules the underworld and enlivens vegetation, the sun god, and deceased souls[24]
  • Ptah – A creator deity and god of craftsmen, the patron god of Memphis[25]
  • Ra – The sun god
  • Set – An ambivalent god, characterized by violence, chaos, and strength, connected with the desert. Mythological murderer of Osiris and enemy of Horus, but also a supporter of the king.[26]
  • Shu – Embodiment of wind or air, a member of the Ennead[27]
  • Sobek – Crocodile god, worshipped in the Faiyum and at Kom Ombo[28]
  • Sopdu – A god of the sky and of Egypt's eastern border regions[29]
  • Thoth – A moon god, and a god of writing and scribes, and patron deity of Hermopolis[30]
  • Wadj-wer – Personification of the Mediterranean sea or lakes of the Nile Delta[31]

Female

  • Amunet – Female counterpart of Amun and a member of the Ogdoad[3]
  • Anuket – A feathered headdress wearing goddess of Egypt's southern frontier regions, particularly the lower cataracts of the Nile[32][7]
  • Bastet – Goddess represented as a cat or lioness, patroness of the city of Bubastis, linked with protection from evil[33]
  • Bat – Cow goddess from early in Egyptian history, eventually absorbed by Hathor[34]
  • Hathor – One of the most important goddesses, linked with the sky, the sun, sexuality and motherhood, music and dance, foreign lands and goods, and the afterlife. One of many forms of the Eye of Ra.[35]
  • Heqet – Frog goddess said to protect women in childbirth[36]
  • Hesat – A maternal cow goddess[37]
  • Imentet (Amentet) – An afterlife goddess closely linked with Isis and Hathor[38][18]
  • Isis – Wife of Osiris and mother of Horus, linked with funerary rites, motherhood, protection, and magic. She became a major deity in Greek and Roman religion.[39]
  • Maat – Goddess who personified truth, justice, and order[40]
  • Menhit – A lioness goddess[41]
  • Mut – Consort of Amun, worshipped at Thebes[42]
  • Neith – A creator and hunter goddess, patron of the city of Sais in Lower Egypt[43]
  • Nekhbet (Nekhebit) – A vulture goddess, the tutelary deity of Upper Egypt[44]
  • Nephthys (Neb-t kha-t) – A member of the Ennead, the consort of Set, who mourned Osiris alongside Isis[45]
  • Nepit – A goddess of grain, female counterpart of Neper[46]
  • Nut – A sky goddess, a member of the Ennead[47]
  • Pakhet – A lioness goddess mainly worshipped in the area around Beni Hasan[48]
  • Renenutet – An agricultural goddess[49]
  • Satet – A goddess of Egypt's southern frontier regions[50][6]
  • Sekhmet – A lioness goddess, both destructive and violent and capable of warding off disease, protector of the pharaohs who led them in war, the consort of Ptah and one of many forms of the Eye of Ra.[51]
  • Tefnut – Goddess of moisture and a member of the Ennead[52]
  • Wadjet (Uatchit) – A cobra goddess, the tutelary deity of Lower Egypt[53]
  • Wosret – A goddess of Thebes[54]

Both male and female forms

  • Anubis/Anput – The god/goddess of embalming and protector of the dead[55]
  • Heh – Personification of infinity and a member of the Ogdoad[56]
  • Kek – The god of Chaos and Darkness, as well as being the concept of primordial darkness. Kek's female form is known as Kauket.
  • Nu – Personification of the formless, watery disorder from which the world emerged at creation and a member of the Ogdoad[57]
  • Ra (Re) – The foremost Egyptian sun god, involved in creation and the afterlife. Mythological ruler of the gods, father of every Egyptian king, and the patron god of Heliopolis.[58]
  • Tatenen – Personification of the first mound of earth to emerge from chaos in ancient Egyptian creation myths[59]

Minor deities

Male

Female

Male or female

Objects

  • Semi - A deified object found in the tenth division of Tuat[60]

Lesser-known deities

Male

Female

Male or female

Groups of deities

  • The Aai – 3 guardian deities in the ninth division of Tuat; they are Ab-ta, Anhefta, and Ermen-ta[60]
  • The Cavern deities – Many underworld deities charged with punishing the damned souls by beheading and devouring them.[180]
  • The Ennead – An extended family of nine deities produced by Atum during the creation of the world. The Ennead usually consisted of Atum, his children Shu and Tefnut, their children Geb and Nut, and their children Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys.[181]
  • The Theban Triad consisted of Amun, his consort Mut and their son Khonsu.
  • The four sons of Horus – Four gods who protected the mummified body, particularly the internal organs in canopic jars.[182]
  • The Gate deities – Many dangerous guardian deities at the gates of the underworld (flanked by divine Doorkeepers and Heralds), to be ingratiated by spells and knowing their names.[183]
  • The Hemsut (or Hemuset) – Protective goddesses of Fate, destiny, and of the creation sprung from the primordial abyss; daughters of Ptah, linked to the concept of ka[184][185]
  • The Her-Hequi – 4 deities in the fifth division of Tuat[60]
  • The Hours of the day deities – 12 divine embodiments of each hour of the day: partly major deities (1st: Maat and Nenit, 2nd: Hu and Ra em-nu, 4th: Ashespi-kha, 5th: Nesbit and Agrit, 6th: Ahait, 7th: Horus and Nekait or Nekai-t, 8th: Khensu and Kheprit, 9th: Neten-her-netch-her and Ast em nebt ankh, 10th: Urit-hekau or Hekau-ur, 11th: Amanh, and partly lesser known ones (12th: "The One Who Gives Protection In The Twilight").[186]
  • The Hours of the night deities – 12 goddesses of each hour of the night, wearing a five-pointed star on their heads. Neb-t tehen and Neb-t heru, god and goddess of the 1st hour of night, Apis or Hep (in reference) and Sarit-neb-s, god and goddess of the 2nd hour of night, M'k-neb-set, goddess of the 3rd hour of night, Aa-t-shefit or Urit-shefit, goddess of the 4th hour of the night, Heru-heri-uatch-f and Neb[t] ankh, god and goddess of the 5th hour of the night, Ari-em-aua (god) or Uba-em-tu-f and Mesperit, neb-t shekta or Neb-t tcheser, god and goddess of the 6th hour of the night, Heru-em-sau-ab and Herit-t-chatcha-ah, god and goddess of the 7th hour of the night, Ba-pefi and Ankh-em-neser-t or Merit-neser-t, god and goddess of the 8th hour of night, An-mut-f and Neb-t sent-t, god and goddess of the 9th hour of the night, Amset or Neb neteru and M'k-neb-set, god and goddess of the 10th hour of night, Uba-em-tu-f and Khesef-khemit or M'kheskhemuit, god and goddess of the 11th hour, Khepera and Maa-neferut-Ra, god and goddess of the 12th hour of the night.[186]
  • The 42 judges of Maat – 42 deities including Osiris who judged the souls of the dead in the afterlife
  • The Khnemiu – 4 deities wearing red crowns in the eleventh division of Tuat[60]
  • The Ogdoad – A set of eight gods who personified the chaos that existed before creation. The Ogdoad commonly consisted of Amun, Amunet, Nu, Naunet, Heh, Hauhet, Kuk, and Kauket.[187]
  • The Renniu – 4 bearded gods in the eleventh division of Tuat[60]
  • The Setheniu-Tep – 4 deities wearing white crowns in the eleventh division of Tuat[60]
  • The Souls of Pe and Nekhen – A set of gods personifying the predynastic rulers of Upper and Lower Egypt.[188]
  • The 12 Thoueris goddesses[154]

Citations

  1. ^ Allen 2000, pp. 43–45
  2. ^ Wilkinson 2003, pp. 6–7, 73
  3. ^ a b Hart 2005, p. 11
  4. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 13–22
  5. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 113–114
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h "Gods of Egypt". www.touregypt.net (in Russian).
  7. ^ a b c d Petry (1994). The Egyptian gods. p. 127.
  8. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 34–40
  9. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 40–42
  10. ^ Hart 2005, p. 48
  11. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 58–60
  12. ^ a b Hart 2005, p. 61
  13. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 70–76
  14. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 84–85
  15. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 85–86
  16. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 86–88
  17. ^ a b Hart 2005, p. 92
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "GVC09-24: Mystical creatures and gods -Egyptian". winners.virtualclassroom.org.
  19. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 96–97
  20. ^ a b Hart 2005, p. 99
  21. ^ Hart 2005, p. 23
  22. ^ Wilkinson 2003, p. 204
  23. ^ Hart 2005, p. 102
  24. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 114–124
  25. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 128–131
  26. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 143–145
  27. ^ Hart 2005, p. 147
  28. ^ Hart 2005, p. 148
  29. ^ Hart 2005, p. 151
  30. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 156–159
  31. ^ a b Hart 2005, p. 162
  32. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 28–29
  33. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 45–47
  34. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 47–48
  35. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 61–65
  36. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 67–68
  37. ^ Wilkinson 2003, pp. 173–174
  38. ^ Wilkinson 2003, pp. 145–146
  39. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 79–83
  40. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 89–90
  41. ^ a b Wilkinson 2003, p. 179
  42. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 97–99
  43. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 100–101
  44. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 101–102
  45. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 102–103
  46. ^ Porter & Moss 1991, pp. 76
  47. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 110–112
  48. ^ Hart 2005, p. 125
  49. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 135–137
  50. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 140–141
  51. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 138–139
  52. ^ Hart 2005, p. 156
  53. ^ Hart 2005, p. 161
  54. ^ Hart 2005, p. 164
  55. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 25–28
  56. ^ a b Hart 2005, p. 66
  57. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 109–110
  58. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 133–135
  59. ^ a b Hart 2005, p. 154
  60. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2000). Encyclopedia of ancient deities. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 1-57958-270-2.
  61. ^ a b Hart 2005, p. 12
  62. ^ a b Petry, Alan W. Shorter; with a new bibliography by Bonnie L. (1994). The Egyptian gods : a handbook (Rev. ed.). San Bernardino (Calif.): the Borgo press. p. 125. ISBN 0-89370-535-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  63. ^ Willockx, Sjef. "Amentet, Andjeti and Anubis: Three Ancient Egyptian Gods (2007)": 25. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  64. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Mark, Joshua J. "Egyptian Gods - The Complete List". Ancient History Encyclopedia.
  65. ^ Hart 2005, p. 29
  66. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 31–32
  67. ^ a b Budge (2010). An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary. p. 119.
  68. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 29–31
  69. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 32–33
  70. ^ Hart 2005, p. 33
  71. ^ Hart 2005, p. 199
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  73. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 44–45
  74. ^ Hart 2005, p. 45
  75. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 49–50
  76. ^ Wilkinson 2003, pp. 172–173
  77. ^ Hart 2005, p. 52
  78. ^ Willockx, Sjef. "Amentet, Andjeti and Anubis: Three Ancient Egyptian Gods (2007)": 35. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  79. ^ Willockx, Sjef. "Amentet, Andjeti and Anubis: Three Ancient Egyptian Gods (2007)": 9. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  80. ^ a b c d Petry (1994). The Egyptian gods. p. 52.
  81. ^ a b Lorton, Claude Traunecker. transl. from the French by David (2001). The gods of Egypt (1st English-language, enhanced and expanded ed.). Ithaca, N.Y [u.a.]: Cornell University Press. p. 59. ISBN 0-8014-3834-9.
  82. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 66–67
  83. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 68–69
  84. ^ Hart 2005, p. 76
  85. ^ Hart 2005, p. 77
  86. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 77–78
  87. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 78–79
  88. ^ Willockx, Sjef. "Amentet, Andjeti and Anubis: Three Ancient Egyptian Gods (2007)": 5. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  89. ^ Hart 2005, p. 85
  90. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 90–91
  91. ^ a b Hart 2005, p. 91
  92. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 92–95
  93. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 95–96
  94. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 99–100
  95. ^ Petry (1994). The Egyptian gods. p. 94.
  96. ^ Petry (1994). The Egyptian gods. the Borgo press. p. 53.
  97. ^ Hart 2005, p. 137
  98. ^ a b Petry (1994). The Egyptian gods. p. 139.
  99. ^ a b c d e translations, translated by Raymond O. Faulkner; with additional; Wasserman, a commentary by Ogden Goelet JR.; with color illustrations from the facsimile volume produced in 1890 under the supervision of E. A. Wallis Budge; introduced by Carol A.R. Andrews; edited by Eva Von Dassow; in an edition conceived by James (1994). The Egyptian Book of the dead : the Book of going forth by day : being the Papyrus of Ani (royal scribe of the divine offerings), written and illustrated circa 1250 B.C.E., by scribes and artists unknown, including the balance of chapters of the books of the dead known as the theban recension, compiled from ancient texts, dating back to the roots of egyptian civilization (1st ed.). San Francisco: Chronicle Books. p. 175. ISBN 0-8118-0767-3. {{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  100. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 148–149
  101. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 139–140
  102. ^ a b Hart 2005, p. 146
  103. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 146–147
  104. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 147–148
  105. ^ Hart 2005, p. 159
  106. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 162–163
  107. ^ Hart 2005, p. 165
  108. ^ "McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia introduction and main index". McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia Online.
  109. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 12–13
  110. ^ Hart 2005, p. 22
  111. ^ Petry (1994). The Egyptian gods. p. 43. ISBN 0-89370-535-7.
  112. ^ Hart 2005, p. 34
  113. ^ Petry (1994). The Egyptian gods. p. 129.
  114. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 43–44
  115. ^ Wilkinson 2003, p. 230
  116. ^ Wilkinson 2003, pp. 145
  117. ^ Hart 2005, p. 79
  118. ^ Hart 2005, p. 83
  119. ^ Willockx, Sjef. "Amentet, Andjeti and Anubis: Three Ancient Egyptian Gods (2007)": 14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  120. ^ Hart 2005, p. 90
  121. ^ Random Gods:
  122. ^ Petry (1994). The Egyptian gods. p. 8.
  123. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 91–92
  124. ^ Durdin-Robertson, Lawrence (1979). Communion With The Goddes: Idols, Images, and Symbols of the Goddesses; Egypt Part III. Cesara Publications. p. 1.
  125. ^ a b c d e f Durdin-Robertson (1979). Communion With The Goddes. p. 2.
  126. ^ Wilkinson 2003, p. 156
  127. ^ a b Durdin-Robertson (1979). Communion With The Goddes. p. 20.
  128. ^ Hart 2005, p. 132
  129. ^ a b Wilkinson 2003, p. 164
  130. ^ Durdin-Robertson (1979). Communion With The Goddes. p. 21.
  131. ^ Durdin-Robertson (1979). Communion With The Goddes. p. 22.
  132. ^ a b Durdin-Robertson (1979). Communion With The Goddes. p. 24.
  133. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 141–142
  134. ^ Durdin-Robertson (1979). Communion With The Goddes. p. 29.
  135. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 142–143
  136. ^ Durdin-Robertson (1979). Communion With The Goddes. p. 30.
  137. ^ Durdin-Robertson (1979). Communion With The Goddes. p. 31.
  138. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 151–152
  139. ^ "Aswan History Facts and Timeline: Aswan, Egypt". www.world-guides.com.
  140. ^ Durdin-Robertson (1979). Communion With The Goddes. p. 32.
  141. ^ Hart 2005, pp. 154–155
  142. ^ a b Lorton (2001). The gods of Egypt. p. 67.
  143. ^ Zecchi, Marco (2001). "The god Hedjhotep". Chronique d'Égypte. LXXVI. Bruxelles: Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élizabeth: 5–19.
  144. ^ a b Lorton (2001). The gods of Egypt. p. 31.
  145. ^ a b Durdin-Robertson (1979). Communion With The Goddes. p. 37.
  146. ^ Nelson, Thomas (2017). The Woman's Study Bible: Receiving God's Truth for Balance, Hope, and Transformation. Biblica, Inc. p. 97.
  147. ^ Durdin-Robertson (1979). Communion With The Goddes. p. 38.
  148. ^ Wilkinson 2003, p. 199
  149. ^ Durdin-Robertson (1979). Communion With The Goddes. p. 40.
  150. ^ Hart 2005, p. 163
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Works cited

  • Allen, James P. (2000). Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-77483-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Hart, George (2005). The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses, Second Edition. Routledge. ISBN 0-203-02362-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Porter, Bertha; Moss, Rosalind (1991). Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings. Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum Oxford. ISBN 978-0900416828. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Wilkinson, Richard H. (2003). The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05120-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Lorton, Claude Traunecker. Transl. from the French by David (2001). The gods of Egypt (1st English-language edn, enhanced and expanded). Ithaca, N.Y [u.a.]: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3834-9.
  • Budge, Sir Ernest A. Wallis (2010). An Egyptian hieroglyphic dictionary (in two volumes, with an index of English words, king list and geographical list with indexes, list of hieroglyphic characters, Coptic and Semitic alphabets). New York: Cosimo Classics. ISBN 978-1-61640-460-4.
  • "Aswan History Facts and Timeline: Aswan, Egypt". http://www.world-guides.com/africa/egypt/aswan/aswan_history.html.
  • Petry, Alan W. Shorter; with a new bibliography by Bonnie L. (1994). The Egyptian gods : a handbook (rev. edn). San Bernardino (Calif.): The Borgo Press. ISBN 0-89370-535-7.
  • "Gods of Egypt". http://www.touregypt.net/godsofegypt/.
  • Willockx, Sjef. "Amentet, Andjeti and Anubis: Three Ancient Egyptian Gods (2007)".
  • Mark, Joshua J. "Egyptian Gods - The Complete List". https://www.ancient.eu/article/885/egyptian-gods---the-complete-list/.
  • Nelson, Thomas (2017). The Woman's Study Bible: Receiving God's Truth for Balance, Hope, and Transformation. Biblica, Inc.
  • "GVC09-24: Mystical creatures and gods -Egyptian". [1]
  • Durdin-Robertson, Lawrence (1979). Communion With The Goddes: Idols, Images, and Symbols of the Goddesses; Egypt Part III. Cesara Publications.
  • translations, translated by Raymond O. Faulkner; with additional; Wasserman, a commentary by Ogden Goelet JR.; with color illustrations from the facsimile volume produced in 1890 under the supervision of E.A. Wallis Budge; introduced by Carol A. R. Andrews; edited by Eva Von Dassow; in an edition conceived by James (1994). The Egyptian Book of the dead : the Book of going forth by day : being the Papyrus of Ani (royal scribe of the divine offerings), written and illustrated circa 1250 B.C.E., by scribes and artists unknown, including the balance of chapters of the books of the dead known as the theban recension, compiled from ancient texts, dating back to the roots of Egyptian civilization (1st edn). San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 0-8118-0767-3.

Further reading

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