List of even-toed ungulates by population: Difference between revisions
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| '''[[White-tailed deer]]''' ||''Odocoileus virginianus'' || {{val|11500000}}<ref name='Odocoileus virginianus IUCN'>{{cite iucn |author=Gallina, S. and Lopez Arevalo, H. |date=2016 |title=''Odocoileus virginianus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T42394A22162580 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T42394A22162580.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>|| align=center style="background:#B0E0E6"|[[Least concern|LC]]<ref name='Odocoileus virginianus IUCN'/> || align=center|{{steady}}<ref name='Odocoileus virginianus IUCN'/> || Estimated population in the United States and Canada only, with estimate of {{val|11000000}} in the US considered a minimum.<ref name='Odocoileus virginianus IUCN'/> || [[Image:White-tailed deer.jpg|175px]] |
| '''[[White-tailed deer]]''' ||''Odocoileus virginianus'' || {{val|11500000}}<ref name='Odocoileus virginianus IUCN'>{{cite iucn |author=Gallina, S. and Lopez Arevalo, H. |date=2016 |title=''Odocoileus virginianus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T42394A22162580 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T42394A22162580.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref>|| align=center style="background:#B0E0E6"|[[Least concern|LC]]<ref name='Odocoileus virginianus IUCN'/> || align=center|{{steady}}<ref name='Odocoileus virginianus IUCN'/> || Estimated population in the United States and Canada only, with estimate of {{val|11000000}} in the US considered a minimum.<ref name='Odocoileus virginianus IUCN'/> || [[Image:White-tailed deer.jpg|175px]] |
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| '''[[Water buffalo]]''' ||''Bubalus bubalis'' || {{val|172000000}}<ref name=Borghese2011>Borghese, A. (2011). [http://www.mjas.ukim.edu.mk/files/MJAS-01-02-_2011_-048-Borghese.pdf ''Situation and Perspectives of Buffalo in the World, Europe and Macedonia''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034709/http://www.mjas.ukim.edu.mk/files/MJAS-01-02-_2011_-048-Borghese.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}. Macedonian Journal of Animal Science 1 (2): 281–296.</ref>|| align=center style="background:#B0E0E6"|[[ |
| '''[[Water buffalo]]''' ||''Bubalus bubalis'' || {{val|172000000}}<ref name=Borghese2011>Borghese, A. (2011). [http://www.mjas.ukim.edu.mk/files/MJAS-01-02-_2011_-048-Borghese.pdf ''Situation and Perspectives of Buffalo in the World, Europe and Macedonia''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034709/http://www.mjas.ukim.edu.mk/files/MJAS-01-02-_2011_-048-Borghese.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}. Macedonian Journal of Animal Science 1 (2): 281–296.</ref>|| align=center style="background:#B0E0E6"|[[Domesticated]] || || incl. {{val|3200000}} [[Carabao]] in the Philippines || [[File:Murrah buffalo.JPG|175px]] |
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| '''[[Domestic goat]]''' ||''Capra hircus'' || {{val|850000000}}<ref>http://www.lohmann-information.com/content/l_i_45_artikel17.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>|| align=center style="background:#B0E0E6"|[[Domesticated]] || || || [[File:Domestic goat kid in capeweed.jpg|175px]] |
| '''[[Domestic goat]]''' ||''Capra hircus'' || {{val|850000000}}<ref>http://www.lohmann-information.com/content/l_i_45_artikel17.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>|| align=center style="background:#B0E0E6"|[[Domesticated]] || || || [[File:Domestic goat kid in capeweed.jpg|175px]] |
Revision as of 23:09, 19 June 2022
Mammals by population |
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This is a list of even-toed ungulate species by estimated global population. This list is not comprehensive, as not all ungulates have had their numbers quantified.
Common name | Binomial name | Population | Status | Trend | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saola | Pseudoryx nghetinhensis | 750[1] | CR[1] | Maximum estimate. No individuals in captivity. Wild population highly dispersed, and subpopulations fragmented with numbers of mature individuals below the minimum viable population. Foremost threatened by hunting.[1] | ||
Pygmy hog | Porcula salvania | 250[2] | CR[2] | Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[2] | ||
Bawean deer | Axis kuhlii | 200–500[3] | CR[3] | Estimates are for the wild population only; may reach as high as 500.[3] | ||
Addax | Addax nasomaculatus | 30–90[4] | CR[4] | Maximum estimate for the wild.[4] | ||
Tamaraw | Bubalus mindorensis | 300[5] | CR[5] | |||
Togian babirusa | Babyrousa togeanensis | 500[6] | EN[6] | Maximum estimate.[6] | ||
Walia ibex | Capra walie | 500[7] | EN[7] | |||
Dama gazelle | Nanger dama | 500[8] | CR[8] | Maximum estimate.[8] | ||
Hirola | Beatragus hunteri | 500–2000[9] | CR[9] | May be much lower.[9] | ||
Anhui musk deer | Moschus anhuiensis | 700–800[10] | EN[10] | Most recent estimate was in 1998.[10] | ||
Przewalski's gazelle | Procapra przewalskii | 700–800[11] | EN[11] | Could be underestimated.[11] | ||
Persian fallow deer | Dama mesopotamica | 715[12] | EN[12] | Previously thought to be extinct.[12] | ||
Wild Bactrian camel | Camelus ferus | 950[13] | CR[13] | Wild population only.[13] | ||
South Andean deer | Hippocamelus bisulcus | 1048–1500[14] | EN[14] | |||
Calamian deer | Axis calamianensis | 1123[15] | EN[15] | 1994 estimate; has almost certainly decreased.[15] | ||
Abbott's duiker | Cephalophus spadix | 1500[16] | EN[16] | Maximum estimate.[16] | ||
Cuvier's gazelle | Gazella cuvieri | 1750–2950[17] | EN[17] | unknown[17] | ||
Nilgiri tahr | Nilgiritragus hylocrius | 1800–2000[18] | EN[18] | |||
Pygmy hippopotamus | Choeropsis liberiensis | 2000–3000[19] | EN[19] | Estimate is from 1993; numbers have probably shrunk.[19] | ||
Mountain anoa | Bubalus quarlesi | 2500[20] | EN[20] | Maximum estimate.[20] | ||
Rhim gazelle | Gazella leptoceros | 2500[21] | EN[21] | Estimate is for mature individuals only.[21] | ||
Visayan spotted deer | Rusa alfredi | 2500[22] | EN[22] | Maximum estimate.[22] | ||
Mountain nyala | Tragelaphus buxtoni | 2500–4000[23] | EN[23] | 2500 is a maximum estimate from 1999, but recent work has shown numbers may be as high as 4000.[23] | ||
European bison | Bison bonasus | 3200[24] | NT[24] | Includes 1400 semi-domestic animals and 1800 wild. Semi-domestic numbers are likely underestimated.[24] | ||
Chacoan peccary | Catagonus wagneri | 3200[25] | EN[25] | Estimate was made in 2002; wide-scale deforestation of their habitat began in 2003.[25] | ||
Wild water buffalo | Bubalus arnee | 3400[26] | EN | |||
Jentink's duiker | Cephalophus jentinki | 3500[27] | EN[27] | Maximum estimate; may be less than 2000.[27] | ||
Barasingha | Rucervus duvaucelii | 3500–5100[28] | VU[28] | |||
Nile lechwe | Kobus megaceros | 4291[29] | EN[29] | |||
Small red brocket | Mazama bororo | 4500[30] | VU[30] | Maximum estimate.[30] | ||
Arabian tahr | Arabitragus jayakari | 5000[31] | EN[31] | Maximum estimate.[31] | ||
West Caucasian tur | Capra caucasica | 5000–6000[32] | EN[32] | |||
Barbary sheep | Ammotragus lervia | 5000–10000[33] | LC[33] | |||
Beira | Dorcatragus megalotis | 7000[34] | VU[34] | |||
Arabian Oryx | Oryx leucoryx | 7000–8000[35] | VU[35] | 6000–7000 in captivity and c. 1000 in the wild.[35] | ||
Hairy-fronted muntjac | Muntiacus crinifrons | 7000–8500[36] | VU[36] | Most recent estimate was in 1998.[36] | ||
Banteng | Bos javanicus | 8000[37] | EN[37] | Maximum estimate; may be fewer than 5000. Numbers do not include the non-purebred domestic variety.[37] | ||
Markhor | Capra falconeri | 9700[38] | NT[38] | Estimate includes approximately 900 animals assumed to live in areas for which data is unavailable.[38] | ||
Nubian ibex | Capra nubiana | 10000[39] | VU[39] | Maximum estimate.[39] | ||
Southern pudú | Pudu puda | 10000[40] | NT[40] | Maximum estimate.[40] | ||
Red goral | Naemorhedus baileyi | 10000[41] | VU[41] | Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[41] | ||
Four-horned antelope | Tetracerus quadricornis | 10000[42] | LC[42] | |||
Javan rusa | Rusa timorensis | 10000[43] | VU[43] | Maximum estimate for mature individuals.[22] | ||
Taruca | Hippocamelus antisensis | 12000–17000[44] | VU[44] | |||
Gaur | Bos gaurus | 13000–30000[45] | VU[45] | |||
Soemmerring's gazelle | Nanger soemmerringii | 14000[46] | VU[46] | |||
Mountain gazelle | Gazella gazella | 15000[47] | VU[47] | Maximum estimate.[47] | ||
Wild yak | Bos mutus | 15000[48] | VU[48] | Estimate is from 1995.[48] | ||
Giant eland | Tragelaphus derbianus | 15000–20000[49] | LC[49] | |||
Black wildebeest | Connochaetes gnou | 18000[50] | LC[50] | Minimum estimate (11000 wild and 7000 semi-domesticated).[50] | ||
Grey rhebok | Pelea capreolus | 18000[51] | LC[51] | |||
Harvey's duiker | Cephalophus harveyi | 20000[52] | LC[52] | Numbers may be overestimated.[52] | ||
Pampas deer | Ozotoceros bezoarticus | 20000–80000[53] | NT[53] | |||
Red-fronted gazelle | Eudorcas rufifrons | 25000[54] | VU[54] | |||
Zebra duiker | Cephalophus zebra | 28000[55] | VU[55] | Could be overestimated; may be less than 15000.[55] | ||
Bongo | Tragelaphus eurycerus | 28000[56] | NT[56] | Two subspecies: Mountain (75–140) and Lowland (28000).[56] | ||
Alpine ibex | Capra ibex | 30000[57] | LC[57] | Was as low as 100 individuals in the 1800s.[57] | ||
Silver Dik-dik | Madoqua piacentinii | 30000[58] | DD[58] | Possibly overestimated.[58] | ||
Nyala | Tragelaphus angasii | 32000[59] | LC[59] | |||
Ogilby's duiker | Cephalophus ogilbyi | 35000[60] | LC[60] | |||
Okapi | Okapia johnstoni | 35000–50000[61] | EN[61] | |||
Mountain reedbuck | Redunca fulvorufula | 36000[62] | LC[62] | Minimum estimate, divided into three subspecies: Southern (33000), Chanler's (2900), and Western (450).[62] | ||
Red forest duiker | Cephalophus natalensis | 42000[63] | LC[63] | Numbers may be underestimated.[63] | ||
Klipspringer | Oreotragus oreotragus | 42000[64] | LC[64] | Estimate is considered conservative.[64] | ||
Blackbuck | Antilope cervicapra | 50000[65] | NT[65] | Numbers have increased from 20000–24000 in the 1970s.[65] | ||
Spanish ibex | Capra pyrenaica | 50000[66] | LC[66] | Numbered only c. 7900 in the early 1990s.[66] | ||
Royal antelope | Neotragus pygmaeus | 62000[67] | LC[67] | Possibly underestimated.[67] | ||
East African oryx | Oryx beisa | 67000[68] | NT[68] | Divided into two subspecies: Beisa (50000) and Fringe-eared (17000).[68] | ||
Southern reedbuck | Redunca arundinum | 73000[69] | LC[69] | |||
Sable antelope | Hippotragus niger | 75000[70] | LC[70] | |||
Roan antelope | Hippotragus equinus | 76000[71] | LC[71] | |||
Mountain goat | Oreamnos americanus | 80000–119000[72] | LC[72] | |||
Gerenuk | Litocranius walleri | 95000[73] | NT[73] | |||
Sharpe's Grysbok | Raphicerus sharpei | 95000[74] | LC[74] | Difficult to study due to the animal's nocturnal nature; numbers may be underestimated.[74] | ||
Japanese serow | Capricornis crispus | 100000[75] | LC[75] | |||
Black duiker | Cephalophus niger | 100000[76] | LC[76] | |||
Bohor reedbuck | Redunca redunca | 101000[77] | LC[77] | Probably underestimated.[77] | ||
Dall sheep | Ovis dalli | 111500–116500[78] | LC[78] | Consists of approximately 41500 sheep in Canada and between 70000 and 75000 animals in the United States.[78] | ||
Hippopotamus | Hippopotamus amphibius | 115000–130000[79] | VU[79] | Population was estimated to be between 125000 and 148000 in a 2008 assessment.[79] | ||
Lesser kudu | Tragelaphus imberbis | 118000[80] | NT[80] | Minimum estimate.[80] | ||
Goitered gazelle | Gazella subgutturosa | 120000–140000[81] | VU[81] | |||
Puku | Kobus vardonii | 130000[82] | NT[82] | |||
Muskox | Ovibos moschatus | 135000[83] | LC[83] | Estimate includes 75400 animals in the Northwest Territories, 45300 in Nunavut, 3714 in Alaska, and between 9500 and 12500 in Greenland.[83] | ||
Common eland | Tragelaphus oryx | 136000[84] | LC[84] | |||
Yellow-backed duiker | Cephalophus silvicultor | 160000[85] | LC[85] | |||
Saiga Antelope | Saiga tatarica | 165000[86] | CR[86] | Numbers stood at 1250000 in the mid-1970s.[86] | File:Mongolia Saiga tatarica.jpg | |
Red-flanked duiker | Cephalophus rufilatus | 170000[87] | LC[87] | |||
Sitatunga | Tragelaphus spekii | 170000[88] | LC[88] | Yet-to-be-published research suggests the population has been overestimated.[88] | ||
Weyns's duiker | Cephalophus weynsi | 188000[89] | LC[89] | |||
Waterbuck | Kobus ellipsiprymnus | 200000[90] | LC[90] | About 95000 of the Defassa subspecies and 105000 of the Common.[90] | ||
Lechwe | Kobus leche | 212000[91] | LC[91] | Combined numbers of three subspecies: Red (98000), Kafue (78000), and Black (36000).[91] | ||
Bates's pygmy antelope | Neotragus batesi | 219000[92] | LC[92] | |||
Water chevrotain | Hyemoschus aquaticus | 278000[93] | LC[93] | |||
White-bellied duiker | Cephalophus leucogaster | 287000[94] | LC[94] | |||
Black-fronted duiker | Cephalophus nigrifrons | 300000[95] | LC[95] | |||
Vicuña | Vicugna vicugna | 347273[96] | LC[96] | |||
Grant's gazelle | Nanger granti | 350000[97] | LC[97] | |||
Hartebeest | Alcelaphus buselaphus | 362000[98] | LC[98] | |||
Suni | Nesotragus moschatus | 365000[99] | LC[99] | |||
Gemsbok | Oryx gazella | 373000[100] | LC[100] | |||
Peters's duiker | Cephalophus callipygus | 382000[101] | LC[101] | |||
Mongolian gazelle | Procapra gutturosa | 400000[102] | LC[102] | Unknown[102] | Estimate has dropped from 2700000 since 1998.[102] | |
Greater kudu | Tragelaphus strepsiceros | 482000[103] | LC[103] | |||
Salt's dik-dik | Madoqua saltiana | 485600[104] | LC[104] | |||
Günther's dik-dik | Madoqua guentheri | 511000[105] | LC[105] | |||
American bison | Bison bison | 530000[106] | NT[106] | Includes 500000 semi-domestic animals and 30000 wild (19000 plains bison and 11000 wood bison).[106] | ||
Guanaco | Lama guanicoe | 535750–589750[107] | LC[107] | |||
Thomson's gazelle | Eudorcas thomsonii | 550000[108] | NT[108] | |||
Steenbok | Raphicerus campestris | 600000[109] | LC[40] | Considered an underestimate.[109] | ||
Pronghorn | Antilocapra americana | 700000[110] | LC[110] | Numbered over 35000000 in the early 1800s and as little as 20000 in the early 1920s.[110] | ||
Bay duiker | Cephalophus dorsalis | 725000[111] | LC[111] | |||
Oribi | Ourebia ourebi | 750000[112] | LC[112] | |||
African buffalo | Syncerus caffer | 890000[113] | LC[113] | Considered conservative. Divided into four subspecies: West African Savanna (27000), Central African Savanna (133000), Southern Savanna (670000), and Forest (60000).[113] | ||
Kirk's dik-dik | Madoqua kirkii | 971000[114] | LC[114] | |||
Siberian roe deer | Capreolus pygargus | 1000000[115] | NT[115] | About 500000 were hunted annually in Russia in the 1800s.[115] | ||
Bushbuck | Tragelaphus scriptus | 1340000[116] | LC[116] | Estimate is considered conservative.[116] | ||
Moose | Alces alces | 1500000[117] | LC[117] | |||
Blue wildebeest | Connochaetes taurinus | 1550000[118] | LC[118] | |||
Common duiker | Sylvicapra grimmia | 1660000[119] | LC[119] | Considered extremely conservative; yet-to-be-published research shows it may number as high as 10000000.[119] | ||
Impala | Aepyceros melampus | 2000000[120] | LC[120] | |||
Springbok | Antidorcas marsupialis | 2000000–2500000[121] | LC[121] | |||
Maxwell's duiker | Philantomba maxwellii | 2137000[122] | LC[122] | Quite possibly underestimated.[122] | ||
Blue duiker | Philantomba monticola | 7000000[123] | LC[123] | Estimate is considered conservative.[123] | ||
White-tailed deer | Odocoileus virginianus | 11500000[124] | LC[124] | Estimated population in the United States and Canada only, with estimate of 11000000 in the US considered a minimum.[124] | ||
Water buffalo | Bubalus bubalis | 172000000[125] | Domesticated | incl. 3200000 Carabao in the Philippines | ||
Domestic goat | Capra hircus | 850000000[126] | Domesticated | |||
Cattle | Bos taurus | 1500000000[127] | Domesticated | |||
Domestic pig | Sus domesticus | 1000000000[128] | Domesticated | |||
Domestic sheep | Ovis aries | 1000000000[128] | Domesticated |
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Timmins, R. J., Hedges, S. & Robichaud, W. G. (2016). "Pseudoryx nghetinhensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T18597A46364962. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T18597A46364962.en. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d Narayan, G., Deka, P. & Oliver, W. (2008). "Porcula salvania". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T21172A9254675. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T21172A9254675.en. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d Semiadi, G.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R. (2015). "Axis kuhlii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T2447A73071875. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T2447A73071875.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Addax nasomaculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T512A50180603. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T512A50180603.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Boyles, R.; Schutz, E.; de Leon, J. (2016). "Bubalus mindorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3127A50737640. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3127A50737640.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Macdonald, A.; Leus, K.; Masaaki, I.; Burton, J. (2016). "Babyrousa togeanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136472A44143172. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136472A44143172.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Ejigu, D. (2020). "Capra walie". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T3797A178652661. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T3797A178652661.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Nanger dama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8968A50186128. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T8968A50186128.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Beatragus hunteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T6234A50185297. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T6234A50185297.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Wang, Y.; Harris, R.B. (2015). "Moschus anhuiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T136643A61979276. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T136643A61979276.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Procapra przewalskii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T18230A50192807. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T18230A50192807.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Rabiei, A. & Saltz, D. (2011). "Dama mesopotamica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- ^ a b c d Hare, J. (2008). "Camelus ferus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T63543A12689285. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T63543A12689285.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Black-Decima, P.A.; Corti, P.; Díaz, N.; Fernandez, R.; Geist, V.; Gill, R.; Gizejewski, Z.; Jiménez, J.; Pastore, H.; Saucedo, C.; Wittmer, H. (2016). "Hippocamelus bisulcus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10054A22158895. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T10054A22158895.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Widmann, P.; Lastica, E. (2015). "Axis calamianensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T2446A22156678. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T2446A22156678.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Moyer, D.; Jones, T.; Rovero, F. (2016). "Cephalophus spadix". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4151A50184413. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4151A50184413.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Gazella cuvieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8967A50186003. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T8967A50186003.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Alempath, M.; Rice, C. (2008). "Nilgiritragus hylocrius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T9917A13026736. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T9917A13026736.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Ransom, C.; Robinson, P.T.; Collen, B. (2015). "Choeropsis liberiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T10032A18567171. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T10032A18567171.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Burton, J.; Wheeler, P.; Mustari, A. (2016). "Bubalus quarlesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3128A46364433. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3128A46364433.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Gazella leptoceros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8972A50186909. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T8972A50186909.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Brook, S.M. (2016). "Rusa alfredi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4273A22168782. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T4273A22168782.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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{{cite journal}}
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