Laki language
 | A request that this article title be changed to Laki Kurdish is under discussion. Please do not move this article until the discussion is closed. |
| Laki | |
|---|---|
| Lekî | |
| لکي | |
| Native to | Iran, Turkey, iraq |
| Region | Nahavand, Tuyserkan, Nurabad, Lorestan, Ilam, Gilan, Pahleh, Horru, Selseleh, Silakhor, Aleshtar,[1] Adana[2] |
| Ethnicity | Laks |
Native speakers | 1,000,000[3] |
Indo-European
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | lki |
| Glottolog | laki1244 |
| Linguasphere | 58-AAC-aac |
Laki; (لکي, Lekî) is a vernacular that constitutes of two dialects; Pish-e Kuh Laki and Posht-e Kuh Laki.[5] Laki is considered a Kurdish dialect,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] by most linguists,[4] and the classification of Laki as an independent language has been deemed 'anecdotal',[5] and is usually based on intuitive findings and biased research.[13] Laki has also been classified as a Luri dialect, but speakers of Luri claim that Laki is "difficult or impossible to understand".[7]
The classification of Laki as a sub-dialect of Southern Kurdish or as a fourth dialect of Kurdish is unsettled,[4] but the differences between Laki and other Southern Kurdish dialects are minimal.[11] In terms of vocabulary and syntax, Laki has been affected by Luri due to their proximity.[1]
Laki phonology
The phonology of Laki is identical to that of other Southern Kurdish dialects, which diverges from Kurmanji and Sorani by also having the /øː/, /oː/ and /ʉː/[14]
| Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | ||
| Close | iː | ʉ ɨ |
ʊ uː | ||
| Close-mid | eː | øː | o oː | ||
| Open-mid | ɛ | ||||
| Open | a | ɑː | |||
Comparison of cognates
| English[5] | Laki | Kurdish | Khorramabadi Luri |
|---|---|---|---|
| salt | xöwa | xwê | nəmak |
| oil | rīn | řûn | reğo |
| fire | āgör | agir | taš |
| go | šī, ra | čû | ra |
| come | hawt | hat | ōma |
| fall | kat | ket | oftā |
| say | vöt, gōt | got | got |
| hungry | vörsönī, versörnī | biřčî | gosna |
| here | īra | vir | īčö |
| there | ūra | wir | ūčö |
See also
References
- ^ a b Mehrdad Izady (1993). The Kurds : a concise handbook. ISBN 1135844976.
- ^ "Kürt Aşiretlerinin Konfederasyonları". Bitlisname. 19 November 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
- ^ Laki at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b c "Atlas of the Languages of Iran A working classification". Languages of Iran. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- ^ a b c Erik John Anonby. "Kurdish or Luri? Laki's disputed identity in the Luristan province of Iran". Retrieved 25 May 2019.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Laki". Ethnologue.
- ^ a b Anonby, Erik John (29 September 2003). "Update on Luri: How many languages?" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. 13 (2): 171–197. doi:10.1017/S1356186303003067. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- ^ Gernot Windfuhr (2009). The Iranian Languages. London & New York: Routledge. p. 587. ISBN 978-0-7007-1 131-4.
- ^ Hulst, Harry van der; Goedemans, Rob; Zanten, Ellen van (2011). A Survey of Word Accentual Patterns in the Languages of the World. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110198966.
- ^ Rüdiger Schmitt. Die iranischen Sprachen in Gegenwart und Geschichte (in German). 200. p. 85. ISBN 3895001503.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ a b "Lak Tribe". Iranica Online. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
- ^ Dehqan, Mustafa (2008). "Zîn-ə Hördemîr: A Lekî Satirical Verse from Lekistan". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 18 (3): 295–309. ISSN 1356-1863.
- ^ "Lakī and Kurdish*". Iran & the Caucasus. 14 (1): 79. 2010. doi:10.1163/157338410X12743419189423.
- ^ a b Fattah, Ismaïl Kamandâr (2000), Les dialectes Kurdes méridionaux, Acta Iranica, ISBN 9042909188
- ^ Mirdehghan, Mahinnaz; Moradkhani, Simin (September 2010). "Personal Pronouns in the Kakavandi Laki Dialect of Harsin (Kermanshah, Iran)". Iranian Studies. 43 (4): 513–531. doi:10.1080/00210862.2010.495569.
Further reading
- "پسوندهای فعلی گویش لکی هرسینی". Naqd-i Zabān va Adabīyyāt-i Khārijī (in Persian). 1 (1). Shahid Beheshti University. 2013. ISSN 2008-7330. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Mahinnaz Mirdehghan, Nuri Mohammad (January 2010). "Grammatical tense in Laki Nurabadi Dialect: A dichotomous tense structure". nternational Journal of Language Studies. 4 (2). ISSN 2157-4898. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
- Sedigheh Moradi (2015). "Laki verbal morphosyntax" (PDF). University of Kentucky UKnowledge. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Jacques de Morgan (1904). Études Linguistiques - Dialectes Kurdes - Langues et dialectes du nord de la Perse (PDF) (in French). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. p. 3-4. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
