Leonidas (sculpture): Difference between revisions
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Not just a nickname, the excavation team thought it really depicts Leonidas and "officially" named it so. |
The modern bronze statues are modeled after it |
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** [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30096553?seq=138 p253] 2. The finds ([https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245400010662 extract]) |
** [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30096553?seq=138 p253] 2. The finds ([https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245400010662 extract]) |
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*** [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30096553?seq=143 p258] Style, Date and Subject |
*** [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30096553?seq=143 p258] Style, Date and Subject |
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**** [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30096553?seq=148 p263] "not before 480, and perhaps before rather than after 470 B.C" |
**** [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30096553?seq=148 p263] "not before 480, and perhaps before rather than after 470 B.C." |
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**** [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30096553?seq=148 p263] Identification of the |
**** [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30096553?seq=148 p263] pp263–266: Identification of the subject |
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**** [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30096553?seq=151 p266] "We named the statue 'Leonidas' almost as soon as it was discovered, and no reasons have come to light to make us change this attribution, which seems to rest on a solid basis, and indeed to be the only one possible." ([https://books.google.com/books?id=UF0SAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22we+named+the+statue+leonidas%22 snippet]) |
**** [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30096553?seq=151 p266] "We named the statue 'Leonidas' almost as soon as it was discovered, and no reasons have come to light to make us change this attribution, which seems to rest on a solid basis, and indeed to be the only one possible." ([https://books.google.com/books?id=UF0SAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22we+named+the+statue+leonidas%22 snippet]) |
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</ref> The excavation team named it "Leonidas", deducing that it depicts the [[Sparta]]n king [[Leonidas I]].{{r|"WoodwardHobling1925"|page=266}} It was found southwest of [[peribolos]] of the [[Athena Chalkioikos]] on the [[Acropolis of Sparta]].{{r|"WoodwardHobling1925"|page=240}} The sculpture is housed in the [[Archaeological Museum of Sparta]], which acquired it from the [[British School at Athens]] in 1926.<ref name="cam">{{cite web | url =http://museum.classics.cam.ac.uk/collections/casts/leonidas|title="Leonidas"|publisher=University of Cambridge Museum of Classical Archaeology Databases|accessdate =17 March 2017}}</ref> The sculpture features a [[Corinthian helmet]] with ram-shaped cheek pieces. While most of the plume is a restoration, fragments of a leg, foot, shield and helmet were also found nearby.<ref name="cam"/> |
</ref> The excavation team named it "Leonidas", deducing that it depicts the [[Sparta]]n king [[Leonidas I]].{{r|"WoodwardHobling1925"|page=266}} It was found southwest of [[peribolos]] of the [[Athena Chalkioikos]] on the [[Acropolis of Sparta]].{{r|"WoodwardHobling1925"|page=240}} The sculpture is housed in the [[Archaeological Museum of Sparta]], which acquired it from the [[British School at Athens]] in 1926.<ref name="cam">{{cite web | url =http://museum.classics.cam.ac.uk/collections/casts/leonidas|title="Leonidas"|publisher=University of Cambridge Museum of Classical Archaeology Databases|accessdate =17 March 2017}}</ref> The sculpture features a [[Corinthian helmet]] with ram-shaped cheek pieces. While most of the plume is a restoration, fragments of a leg, foot, shield and helmet were also found nearby.<ref name="cam"/> |
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The sculpture was part of a group, probably affixed to the sanctuary pediment. According to several scholars, it formed part of the memorial on the Spartan acropolis to honor Leonidas on his reburial.<ref>{{cite book | author=Nic Fields| title =Thermopylae 480 BC| url=https://archive.org/details/thermopylaebclas300fiel| url-access=limited| publisher =Osprey Publishing| year =2007| page =[https://archive.org/details/thermopylaebclas300fiel/page/n33 32]| isbn =978-184176-180-0}}</ref> [[Paul Cartledge]], however, argued it would have represented a mythical hero or a god rather than the historical person of Leonidas.<ref name="Cartledge2006">{{cite book | author=Paul Cartledge| title =Thermopylae: The Battle That Changed the World| publisher=Pan Macmillan| edition=eBook| year=2011| orig-year=2006| |
The sculpture was part of a group, probably affixed to the sanctuary pediment. According to several scholars, it formed part of the memorial on the Spartan acropolis to honor Leonidas on his reburial.<ref>{{cite book | author=Nic Fields| title =Thermopylae 480 BC| url=https://archive.org/details/thermopylaebclas300fiel| url-access=limited| publisher =Osprey Publishing| year =2007| page =[https://archive.org/details/thermopylaebclas300fiel/page/n33 32]| isbn =978-184176-180-0}}</ref> [[Paul Cartledge]], however, argued it would have represented a mythical hero or a god rather than the historical person of Leonidas.<ref name="Cartledge2006">{{cite book | author=Paul Cartledge| title =Thermopylae: The Battle That Changed the World| publisher=Pan Macmillan| edition=eBook| year=2011| orig-year=2006| isbn =9780330475624}} |
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*[https://books.google.com/books?id=6RenMopXg6AC&pg=PT198&dq=%22nicknamed%20leonidas%22 PT198] |
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*[https://books.google.com/books?id=6RenMopXg6AC&lpg=PT341&vq=%22modelled%20on%20the%20leonidas%22&pg=PT341#v=onepage PT341] |
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</ref>{{rp|PT198}} One estimation dates the sculpture before rather than after 480 BC, the year of the [[Battle of Thermopylae]] where Leonidas died.<ref name="Cartledge2006"/> |
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== Influence == |
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{{anchor|Statue of Leonidas at Thermopylae}}<!--A stable landing point for inbound wikilinks, if someone changes the section title--> |
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=== Statue of Leonidas at Thermopylae === |
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{{multiple image|perrow = 1|total_width=150 |
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| image1 = + 480 v. Chr. fand hier die berühmte Schlacht gegen die Perser statt. 04.jpg |
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| image2 = + 480 v. Chr. fand hier die berühmte Schlacht gegen die Perser statt. 03.jpg |
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| footer = Statue of Leonidas at [[Thermopylae]] (placed in 1955) |
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}} |
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In 1955, a bronze statue of king Leonidas was erected as part of a monument in [[Thermopylae]]. Its sculptor {{Ill|Vasos Falireas|el|Βάσος Φαληρέας}} modeled it after the 'Leonidas' torso<ref name="Lamia">{{Cite web |url=https://culture.lamia.gr/en/blog/thermopylae-monument-leonidas |title=The statue of Leonidas in Thermopyles |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=[[Lamia (city)]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207001029/https://culture.lamia.gr/en/blog/thermopylae-monument-leonidas |archive-date=2023-12-07 |url-status=live}}</ref> excavated in 1925.{{r|"WoodwardHobling1925"|page=253}} Sponsored by a group of Greek Americans, the planned site was in the modern city of [[Sparta, Laconia|Sparta]], but the project was met by objection there because the statue was naked.<ref name="LamiaReport2024"/> The monument finally settled at Thermopylae.<ref name="LamiaReport2024">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lamiareport.gr/index.php/topika/item/278368-to-agalma-tou-leonida-kai-o-protos-arxaiofylakas-ton-thermopylon |date=2024-02-25 |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Lamia Report |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225133838/https://www.lamiareport.gr/index.php/topika/item/278368-to-agalma-tou-leonida-kai-o-protos-arxaiofylakas-ton-thermopylon |archive-date=2024-02-25 |url-status=live |language=el |script-title=el:Το γύψινο άγαλμα του Λεωνίδα και ο αρχαιοφύλακας των Θερμοπυλών |trans-title=The plaster statue of Leonidas and the antiquities custodian of Thermopylae}}</ref> |
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{{anchor|Statue of Leonidas at Sparta}}<!--A stable landing point for inbound wikilinks, if someone changes the section title--> |
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=== Statue of Leonidas at Sparta === |
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{{multiple image|perrow = 1|total_width=150 |
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| image1 = LeonidaSpartaMonumento.jpg |
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| image2 = 20211113 sparti250.jpg |
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| footer = Statue of Leonidas at [[Sparta, Laconia|Sparta]] (placed in 1969) |
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}} |
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In 1969, another bronze statue of king Leonidas, again made by Vasos Falireas, was erected in downtown Sparta. It was designed in 1966,<ref name="lakonikostypos.gr2023"/> the inscription dated 1968,<ref name="Sparta_photo14">{{Cite web |url=https://realsparta.gr/portals/0/Images/Discover/Sparta-14.jpg |title=Sparta-14.jpg |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Real Sparta |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705055628/https://realsparta.gr/portals/0/Images/Discover/Sparta-14.jpg |archive-date=2024-07-05 |url-status=live |publisher=Municipality of [[Sparta, Laconia]] |language=el}} (from upper page [https://web.archive.org/web/20231206180838/https://realsparta.gr/en-us/Discover/Places/Sparta Sparta])</ref> installed in 1969<ref name="lakonikostypos.gr2023"/> and an unveiling ceremony was held in 1970.<ref name="lakonikostypos.gr2023">{{Cite web |url=https://www.lakonikostypos.gr/epikairothta/item/166499-ta-apokalyptiria-tou-agalmatos-tou-leonida-to-1970-sti-sparti |date=2023-05-30 |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Λακωνικός Τύπος |last=Περγαντής |first=Ηλίας |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705021112/https://lakonikos.gr/epikairothta/item/166499-ta-apokalyptiria-tou-agalmatos-tou-leonida-to-1970-sti-sparti |archive-date=2024-07-05 |url-status=live |language=el |script-title=el:Τα αποκαλυπτήρια του αγάλματος του Λεωνίδα το 1970 στη Σπάρτη |trans-title=The unveiling of the statue of Leonidas in 1970 in Sparta}}</ref><!--That's why seemingly conflicting dates are floating around the net--> This time it was clothed. Its design and pose differs from the monument in Thermopylae, but Paul Cartledge describes both statues as based on "the exact same model",{{r|"Cartledge2006"|page=PT341}} the excavated 'Leonidas' torso. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 13:24, 5 July 2024
| Leonidas | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Artist | Unknown |
| Year | 480–470 BC |
| Medium | Parian marble |
| Dimensions | 78 cm (31 in) |
| Location | Archaeological Museum of Sparta |
Leonidas is a sculpture of a hoplite made of Parian marble in 480–470 BC[1]: 263 and unearthed in 1925.[1] The excavation team named it "Leonidas", deducing that it depicts the Spartan king Leonidas I.[1]: 266 It was found southwest of peribolos of the Athena Chalkioikos on the Acropolis of Sparta.[1]: 240 The sculpture is housed in the Archaeological Museum of Sparta, which acquired it from the British School at Athens in 1926.[2] The sculpture features a Corinthian helmet with ram-shaped cheek pieces. While most of the plume is a restoration, fragments of a leg, foot, shield and helmet were also found nearby.[2]
The sculpture was part of a group, probably affixed to the sanctuary pediment. According to several scholars, it formed part of the memorial on the Spartan acropolis to honor Leonidas on his reburial.[3] Paul Cartledge, however, argued it would have represented a mythical hero or a god rather than the historical person of Leonidas.[4]: PT198 One estimation dates the sculpture before rather than after 480 BC, the year of the Battle of Thermopylae where Leonidas died.[4]
Influence
[edit]
Statue of Leonidas at Thermopylae
[edit]
In 1955, a bronze statue of king Leonidas was erected as part of a monument in Thermopylae. Its sculptor Vasos Falireas modeled it after the 'Leonidas' torso[5] excavated in 1925.[1]: 253 Sponsored by a group of Greek Americans, the planned site was in the modern city of Sparta, but the project was met by objection there because the statue was naked.[6] The monument finally settled at Thermopylae.[6]
Statue of Leonidas at Sparta
[edit]
In 1969, another bronze statue of king Leonidas, again made by Vasos Falireas, was erected in downtown Sparta. It was designed in 1966,[7] the inscription dated 1968,[8] installed in 1969[7] and an unveiling ceremony was held in 1970.[7] This time it was clothed. Its design and pose differs from the monument in Thermopylae, but Paul Cartledge describes both statues as based on "the exact same model",[4]: PT341 the excavated 'Leonidas' torso.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Woodward, A. M.; Hobling, M. B. (1925). "Excavations at Sparta, 1924-25". The Annual of the British School at Athens. 26 (12). London, UK: 240–276. eISSN 2045-2403. ISSN 0068-2454. JSTOR 30096553. OCLC 1537363 – via JSTOR. free (registration required)
- p240 §4. The Acropolis (extract)
- p240 1. The site
- p253 2. The finds (extract)
- p258 Style, Date and Subject
- p263 "not before 480, and perhaps before rather than after 470 B.C."
- p263 pp263–266: Identification of the subject
- p266 "We named the statue 'Leonidas' almost as soon as it was discovered, and no reasons have come to light to make us change this attribution, which seems to rest on a solid basis, and indeed to be the only one possible." (snippet)
- p258 Style, Date and Subject
- p240 §4. The Acropolis (extract)
- ^ a b ""Leonidas"". University of Cambridge Museum of Classical Archaeology Databases. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
- ^ Nic Fields (2007). Thermopylae 480 BC. Osprey Publishing. p. 32. ISBN 978-184176-180-0.
- ^ a b c Paul Cartledge (2011) [2006]. Thermopylae: The Battle That Changed the World (eBook ed.). Pan Macmillan. ISBN 9780330475624.
- ^ "The statue of Leonidas in Thermopyles". Lamia (city). Archived from the original on 2023-12-07. Retrieved 2024-07-04.
- ^ a b Το γύψινο άγαλμα του Λεωνίδα και ο αρχαιοφύλακας των Θερμοπυλών [The plaster statue of Leonidas and the antiquities custodian of Thermopylae]. Lamia Report (in Greek). 2024-02-25. Archived from the original on 2024-02-25. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
- ^ a b c Περγαντής, Ηλίας (2023-05-30). Τα αποκαλυπτήρια του αγάλματος του Λεωνίδα το 1970 στη Σπάρτη [The unveiling of the statue of Leonidas in 1970 in Sparta]. Λακωνικός Τύπος (in Greek). Archived from the original on 2024-07-05. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
- ^ "Sparta-14.jpg". Real Sparta (in Greek). Municipality of Sparta, Laconia. Archived from the original on 2024-07-05. Retrieved 2024-07-05. (from upper page Sparta)
External links
[edit]- British School at Athens website: