Lucy Islands: Difference between revisions
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'''Lucy Islands''' are a small [[archipelago]] off the [[British Columbia Coast|North Coast]] of the province of [[British Columbia]] in [[Canada]].<ref name=bcgeo>{{cite web|title=Lucy Island|url=http://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/35705.html|work=BC Geographical Names|publisher=Province of British Columbia|accessdate=7 July 2013}}</ref> |
'''Lucy Islands''' (known as ''Lax Spinna'', meaning "on shoulders," in [[Tsimshianic languages|Tsimshian]]<ref name=":0"><nowiki>{{cite web |url= http://www.ceaa-acee.gc.ca/050/documents/54576/54576E.pdf|title=WRITTEN EVIDENCE OF THE INTERVENORS METLAKATLA FIRST NATION | |date= December 20, 2011|website= Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency|publisher=Metlakatla Governing Council |accessdate=6 July 2013}} </nowiki></ref>) are a small [[archipelago]] off the [[British Columbia Coast|North Coast]] of the province of [[British Columbia]] in [[Canada]].<ref name=bcgeo>{{cite web|title=Lucy Island|url=http://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/35705.html|work=BC Geographical Names|publisher=Province of British Columbia|accessdate=7 July 2013}}</ref> |
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The low-lying, and heavily forested ([[Sitka spruce|Sitka Spruce]]) islands, named after its largest island Lucy Island, are a provincially-protected conservancy area that contain some of the North Coast’s oldest archeological sites, a nationally-significant seabird population, and a prominent 20th Century [[lighthouse]]. <ref name=parks>{{cite book|title=BC Parks: Annual Report 2010/11|year=2011|publisher=BC Parks|url=http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/bc-parks-annual-report-oct24.pdf|accessdate=6 July 2013}}</ref> |
The low-lying, and heavily forested ([[Sitka spruce|Sitka Spruce]]) islands, named after its largest island Lucy Island, are a provincially-protected conservancy area that contain some of the North Coast’s oldest archeological sites, a nationally-significant seabird population, and a prominent 20th Century [[lighthouse]]. <ref name=parks>{{cite book|title=BC Parks: Annual Report 2010/11|year=2011|publisher=BC Parks|url=http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/bc-parks-annual-report-oct24.pdf|accessdate=6 July 2013}}</ref> |
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The Lucy Islands Conservancy is an archipelago located about 15 km west of the North Coast’s largest city, the port of [[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert]]. The archipelago lies in the middle of [[Chatham Sound]], north of the juncture with [[Hecate Strait]], and between the much-larger [[Melville Island (Dundas Islands)|Melville Island]] and [[Digby Island]].<ref name=bcgeo /><ref name="birds" /> |
The Lucy Islands Conservancy is an archipelago located about 15 km west of the North Coast’s largest city, the port of [[Prince Rupert, British Columbia|Prince Rupert]]. The archipelago lies in the middle of [[Chatham Sound]], north of the juncture with [[Hecate Strait]], and between the much-larger [[Melville Island (Dundas Islands)|Melville Island]] and [[Digby Island]].<ref name=bcgeo /><ref name="birds" /> |
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==Naming== |
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The islands were named by Captain Richards of ''[[HMS Hecate (1839)|HMS Hecate]]'' circa 1862 to honour Lucy McNeill, daughter of [[Hudson’s Bay Company]] official [[William Henry McNeill]] and his first wife, Mathilda, a Kaigani Haida chief. Lucy was a “miraculously unfettered Victorian female,” according to B.C. memoirist Helen Meilleur. “She was so adaptable that she could occupy the VIP cabin aboard the Labouchere ... and then set off in a canoe for weeks of weather-exposed travel to Indian villages.” She married Hamilton Moffatt of the Hudson's Bay Company and resided in Victoria as of 1906. |
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==Human habitation== |
==Human habitation== |
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==Seabirds== |
==Seabirds== |
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The islands are home to a significant avian population |
The islands are home to a significant avian population<ref name="birds" /> and were cited by the Metlakatla Governing Council as an area of concern in their Joint Review Panel submission that opposed the proposed [[Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines]] project.<ref name=":0" /> |
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The conservancy is a nationally significant breeding site for [[Rhinoceros Auklet]]s, that dig long underground burrows where they make their nests.<ref name="parks" /> Lucy Islands is the sixth-largest colony in the province. The 25,300 nesting pairs (1983) also represent about 5.4% of the global population.<ref name="birds" /> |
The conservancy is a nationally significant breeding site for [[Rhinoceros Auklet]]s, that dig long underground burrows where they make their nests.<ref name="parks" /> Lucy Islands is the sixth-largest colony in the province. The 25,300 nesting pairs (1983) also represent about 5.4% of the global population.<ref name="birds" /> |
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[[Pigeon Guillemot|Pigeon Guillemots]], [[Glaucous-winged Gull|Glaucous-winged Gulls]] and [[Black Oystercatcher|Black Oystercatchers]] have also been recorded at the site.<ref name=birds /> |
In 1983, as many as 197 [[Pigeon Guillemot|Pigeon Guillemots]] (or 1.9% of the estimated national population) were recorded among the islands. By the following year, just 54 Pigeon Guillemots were recorded. [[Glaucous-winged Gull|Glaucous-winged Gulls]] and [[Black Oystercatcher|Black Oystercatchers]] have also been recorded at the site.<ref name=birds /> |
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<center><gallery caption="Seabirds of Lucy Islands" widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="5"> |
<center><gallery caption="Seabirds of Lucy Islands" widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="5"> |
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File:Black Oystercatcher - IMGP1549.jpg|Black Oystercatcher with leg band |
File:Black Oystercatcher - IMGP1549.jpg|Black Oystercatcher with leg band |
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</gallery></center> |
</gallery></center> |
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==External sites== |
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*[[Map of Lucy Islands]], Atlas of Canada, Accessed 7 July 2013. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 19:09, 7 July 2013
54°18′01″N 130°37′08″W / 54.30028°N 130.61889°W
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| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Chatham Sound |
| Coordinates | 54°18′01″N 130°37′08″W / 54.30028°N 130.61889°W |
| Administration | |
Canada | |
Lucy Islands (known as Lax Spinna, meaning "on shoulders," in Tsimshian[1]) are a small archipelago off the North Coast of the province of British Columbia in Canada.[2]
The low-lying, and heavily forested (Sitka Spruce) islands, named after its largest island Lucy Island, are a provincially-protected conservancy area that contain some of the North Coast’s oldest archeological sites, a nationally-significant seabird population, and a prominent 20th Century lighthouse. [3]
Location
The Lucy Islands Conservancy is an archipelago located about 15 km west of the North Coast’s largest city, the port of Prince Rupert. The archipelago lies in the middle of Chatham Sound, north of the juncture with Hecate Strait, and between the much-larger Melville Island and Digby Island.[2][4]
Naming
The islands were named by Captain Richards of HMS Hecate circa 1862 to honour Lucy McNeill, daughter of Hudson’s Bay Company official William Henry McNeill and his first wife, Mathilda, a Kaigani Haida chief. Lucy was a “miraculously unfettered Victorian female,” according to B.C. memoirist Helen Meilleur. “She was so adaptable that she could occupy the VIP cabin aboard the Labouchere ... and then set off in a canoe for weeks of weather-exposed travel to Indian villages.” She married Hamilton Moffatt of the Hudson's Bay Company and resided in Victoria as of 1906.
Human habitation
Ancient shell middens and house depressions on the islands are an indicator of human occupation dating back possibly 5,000 years.[5] Some of the oldest archaeological sites on the North Coast are located on the islands[3], including the earliest-known use of a rectangular house in the region.[5]
Traditionally, the Lucy Islands are included in the territory of the Gitwilgyoots, a Tsimshian-speaking tribe that wintered in the Prince Rupert area at the time of European contact. In late spring, during the seasonal round, the Gitwilgyoots moved to the outer islands west of Prince Rupert for a period of marine fishing, shellfish gathering and sea mammal hunting before returning to the Skeena River in early summer for the salmon runs.[5]
In the winter of 1984/5, strong winds felled two trees above a shell midden and exposed ancient human remains of a child, a young adult female and an older male. With the approval of the Metlakatla First Nation, the remains were analysed by the Canadian Museum of Civilization. A genetic study published in PLOS ONE in 2013 linked the 5,500-year-old female remains to 2,500-year-old remains found on nearby Dodge Island. The groundbreaking study, the first to use new techniques to analyse the complete mitochondrial genome, also found that a living Tsimshian woman from the Metlakatla First Nation near Prince Rupert had a direct DNA link (maternal ancestry) to the 5,500-year-old female remains from Lucy Islands. The study’s findings may indicate an enduring occupation of the geographical region by local First Nations. [6]
By the 20th Century, the sole residents of Lucy Islands were lighthouse keepers. The original light above their residence was replaced by a tower built in 1907 on the east point of the main island. The Canadian Coast Guard destaffed the lighthouse in 1988.[4]
Protected area
In 2008, the provincial government established the new Lucy Islands Conservancy under the Protected Areas of British Columbia Act. It protects critical seabird nesting habitat and supports contemporary marine food harvesting as well as popular recreation opportunities.[3]
The conservancy protects the 28 hectares of land throughout the archipelago as well as 178 hectares of foreshore out to 200 metres from the natural boundary of the sea. [7]
The Conservancy is collaboratively managed by BC Parks with the Metlakatla and Lax Kw’alaams First Nations. The partnership replaced a rotten and hazardous boardwalk to permit recreational visits while protecting archaeological and bird-nesting features.[3]
Seabirds
The islands are home to a significant avian population[4] and were cited by the Metlakatla Governing Council as an area of concern in their Joint Review Panel submission that opposed the proposed Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines project.[1]
The conservancy is a nationally significant breeding site for Rhinoceros Auklets, that dig long underground burrows where they make their nests.[3] Lucy Islands is the sixth-largest colony in the province. The 25,300 nesting pairs (1983) also represent about 5.4% of the global population.[4]
In 1983, as many as 197 Pigeon Guillemots (or 1.9% of the estimated national population) were recorded among the islands. By the following year, just 54 Pigeon Guillemots were recorded. Glaucous-winged Gulls and Black Oystercatchers have also been recorded at the site.[4]
- Seabirds of Lucy Islands
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Rhinoceros Auklet
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Pigeon Guillemot pair
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Pair of Glaucous-winged Gulls
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Black Oystercatcher with leg band
External sites
- Map of Lucy Islands, Atlas of Canada, Accessed 7 July 2013.
References
- ^ a b {{cite web |url= http://www.ceaa-acee.gc.ca/050/documents/54576/54576E.pdf|title=WRITTEN EVIDENCE OF THE INTERVENORS METLAKATLA FIRST NATION | |date= December 20, 2011|website= Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency|publisher=Metlakatla Governing Council |accessdate=6 July 2013}}
- ^ a b "Lucy Island". BC Geographical Names. Province of British Columbia. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ a b c d e BC Parks: Annual Report 2010/11 (PDF). BC Parks. 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "Lucy Islands". Canadian Important Bird Areas. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
- ^ a b c Cui Y (2013). "Ancient DNA Analysis of Mid-Holocene Individuals from the Northwest Coast of North America Reveals Different Evolutionary Paths for Mitogenomes". PLoS One. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Boswell, Randy (5 July 2013). "Breakthrough DNA study links B.C. woman and 5,500-year-old "grandmother"". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
- ^ "Protected Areas of British Columbia Act - Schedule E". Queen's Printer, British Columbia. Retrieved 6 July 2013.