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{{Short description|Italian annual comic book and gaming convention}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Coord|43.8|10.5|display=title}}
{{Coord|43.8|10.5|display=title}}


{{Infobox Convention
{{Infobox Convention
| name = Lucca Comics and Games
| name = Lucca Comics and Games
| image = [[File:Lucca Comics 2007 San Michele.JPG|220px]]
| image = Lucca Comics 2007 San Michele.JPG
| caption = A Lucca Comics pavilion, near the [[San Michele in Foro]] basilica, in 2007.
| caption = A Lucca Comics pavilion, near the [[San Michele in Foro]] basilica, in 2007
| status = active
| status = Active
| genre =
| genre =
| venue =
| venue =
| location = [[Lucca]]
| location = [[Lucca]]
| country = [[Italy]]
| country = Italy
| first = [[1965 in comics|1965]]
| first = 1965
| last =
| last =
| organizer = [[Comune]] of Lucca, through the limited company "Lucca Comics & Games Srl"<ref>[http://www.luccacomicsandgames.com/it/2013/chi-siamo/ Lucca Comics & Games Srl - Chi siamo]</ref>
| organizer = [[Comune]] of Lucca, through the limited company "Lucca Crea Srl",<ref>[https://www.luccacrea.it/chi-siamo Lucca Crea]</ref> in which flew the previous Srl " Lucca Comics & Games" and "Lucca Polo Fiere e Congressi" <ref>[http://www.luccacomicsandgames.com/it/2013/chi-siamo/ Lucca Comics & Games Srl - Chi siamo]</ref>
| filing =
| filing =
| attendance = 319,926 in 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=Lucca Comics & Games 2002, grande successo di pubblico: un'altra incredibile edizione è giunta al termine |url=https://www.ilquotidianoitaliano.com/2022/11/02/lucca-comics-games-2002-grande-successo-di-pubblico-unaltra-incredibile-edizione-e-giunta-al-termine/ |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=Il Quotidiano Italiano |language=it-IT}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2022 |title=Lucca Comics & Games, il ritorno della community delle community è da record |url=https://lcg-typo3.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/public/2022/Press_Area/Comunicati_Stampa/CS_01.11.2022_LC_G_edizione_HOPE_chiusura.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102235243/https://lcg-typo3.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/public/2022/Press_Area/Comunicati_Stampa/CS_01.11.2022_LC_G_edizione_HOPE_chiusura.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2022 |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Lucca Comics & Games |language=Italian}}</ref>
| attendance = 271,000 by 2016<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=La Nazione|url=http://www.lanazione.it/lucca/cronaca/comics-dati-biglietti-2016-1.2644572|title=Comics: 271.208 biglietti venduti. E' il record di sempre|date=1 November 2016}}</ref>
| website = [http://www.luccacomicsandgames.com/ luccacomicsandgames.com]
| website = [http://www.luccacomicsandgames.com/ luccacomicsandgames.com]
}}
}}
'''Lucca Comics & Games''' is an annual [[Comic book convention|comic book]] and [[gaming convention]] in [[Lucca]], [[Tuscany]], traditionally held at the end of October, in conjunction with [[All Saints' Day]]. It is the largest [[comics]] festival in [[Europe]], and the second biggest in the world after the [[Comiket]].
'''Lucca Comics & Games''' is an annual [[Comic book convention|comic book]] and [[gaming convention]] in [[Lucca]], Italy, traditionally held at the end of October, in conjunction with [[All Saints' Day]]. It is the largest [[comics]] festival in [[Europe]], and the second biggest in the world after the [[Comiket]].


== History ==
== History ==
[[File:Lucca Comics 2012 - 01.jpg|thumb|Crowd in Vittorio Veneto street during the Lucca Comics and Games 2012]]
[[File:Lucca Comics 2012 - 01.jpg|thumb|Crowd in Vittorio Veneto street during the Lucca Comics and Games 2012]]
[[File:Lucca Comics 2007 padiglione.jpg|thumb|Entern of a pavilion]]
[[File:Lucca Comics 2007 padiglione.jpg|thumb|Entern of a pavilion]]
The '''Salone Internazionale del Comics''' ("International Congress of Comics") was launched by a Franco-Italian partnership, consisting of Italians Rinaldo Traini and Romano Calisi and Frenchman {{ill|Claude Moliterni|fr}} (forming the International Congress of Cartoonists and Animators) in 1965 in [[Bordighera]].<ref>"Lucca 9," ''Bang!'' #11 (1974), p. 55.</ref><ref>Pasamonik, Didier. [http://www.actuabd.com/Disparition-de-Claude-Moliterni-fondateur-du-Festival-d-Angouleme "Disparition de Claude Moliterni, fondateur du Festival d’Angoulême ,"]''ActuaBD'' (Jan. 21, 2009). {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
The '''Salone Internazionale del Comics''' ("International Congress of Comics") was launched by a Franco-Italian partnership, consisting of Italians Rinaldo Traini and Romano Calisi and Frenchman {{ill|Claude Moliterni|fr}} (forming the International Congress of Cartoonists and Animators) in 1965 in [[Bordighera]].<ref>"Lucca 9", ''Bang!'' #11 (1974), p. 55.</ref><ref>Pasamonik, Didier. [http://www.actuabd.com/Disparition-de-Claude-Moliterni-fondateur-du-Festival-d-Angouleme "Disparition de Claude Moliterni, fondateur du Festival d'Angoulême"], ''ActuaBD'' (21 January 2009). {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
In 1966 it moved to a small [[piazza]] in the center of Lucca, and grew in size and importance over the years.
In 1966, it moved to a small [[piazza]] in the center of Lucca, and grew in size and importance over the years.


Funding issues reduced the frequency of the festival to every two years, beginning in 1977. In the 1980s, the festival was moved to a sports center outside the city walls, where it remained until 1992, when it was moved to another city. (Funding issues also forced the cancellation of the 1988 festival.)
Funding issues reduced the frequency of the festival to every two years, beginning in 1977. In the 1980s, the festival was moved to a sports center outside the city walls, where it remained until 1992, when it was moved to another city (funding issues also forced the cancellation of the 1988 festival).


After the Salone internazionale del Comics ended in Lucca, city leaders launched a new convention called simply '''Lucca Comics''' that was a reprise of the old one. In 1996 it changed its name to Lucca Comics & Games. The festival attracted 50,000 attendees in 2002.
After the Salone internazionale del Comics ended in Lucca, city leaders launched a new convention called simply '''Lucca Comics''' that was a reprise of the old one. In 1996, it changed its name to Lucca Comics & Games. The festival attracted 50,000 attendees in 2002.


Meanwhile, the Salone internazionale del Comics was held in Rome from 1995 to 2005. In 2006, for the festival's 40th anniversary, the Salone merged with Lucca Comics & Games and moved back to Lucca's city center, with numerous tents and pavilions arranged in different squares within and outside the walls of the medieval city.
Meanwhile, the Salone internazionale del Comics was held in Rome from 1995 to 2005. In 2006, for the festival's 40th anniversary, the Salone merged with Lucca Comics & Games and moved back to Lucca's city center, with numerous tents and pavilions arranged in different squares within and outside the walls of the medieval city.


In 2016, the festival attracted 270,000 attendees.
In 2022 the festival sold 319,926 tickets, beating the record established in 2016, when it had attracted 270,000 attendees.


== Awards ==
== Awards ==
[[File:Lucca Comics 2012 - 03.jpg|thumb|The stage of [[cosplay]].]]
[[File:Lucca Comics 2012 - 03.jpg|thumb|The stage of [[cosplay]]]]
[[File:Herbert Ballerina and Maccio Capatonda - Lucca Comics & Games 2016.jpg|thumb|The italian actors [[Herbert Ballerina]] and [[Maccio Capatonda]] at Lucca Comics & Games 2016]]
[[File:Herbert Ballerina and Maccio Capatonda - Lucca Comics & Games 2016.jpg|thumb|The italian actors [[Luigi Luciano|Herbert Ballerina]] and [[Maccio Capatonda]] at Lucca Comics & Games 2016]]

=== Comics awards ===
=== Comics awards ===
From 1970–2005, the festival presented the {{Interlanguage link multi|Yellow Kid Award|de|3=Yellow Kid (Preis)|lt=Yellow Kid Award}} — named in honor of [[Richard F. Outcault]]'s seminal comic strip character [[The Yellow Kid]] — in such categories as Best Cartoonist, Best Illustrator, Best Newcomer, Best Foreign Artist, and Lifetime Achievement. Yellow Kid Awards were also presented to publishers, both domestic and foreign. <!-- The festival gives out annual [[Yambo]] Awards, named after [[Enrico Novelli]], an Italian cartoonist who used the pen name "Yambo." [[Don Rico]] was given a Yambo Award. -->
From 1970 to 2005, the festival presented the {{Interlanguage link multi|Yellow Kid Award|de|3=Yellow Kid (Preis)|lt=Yellow Kid Award}} — named in honor of [[Richard F. Outcault]]'s seminal comic strip character [[The Yellow Kid]] — in such categories as Best Cartoonist, Best Illustrator, Best Newcomer, Best Foreign Artist, and Lifetime Achievement. Yellow Kid Awards were also presented to publishers, both domestic and foreign. <!-- The festival gives out annual [[Yambo]] Awards, named after [[Enrico Novelli]], an Italian cartoonist who used the pen name "Yambo." [[Don Rico]] was given a Yambo Award. -->


The festival also (since 1967) presents a special award called the {{Interlanguage link multi|Gran Guinigi|it|3=Gran Guinigi|lt=Gran Guinigi Award}} (named after Lucca's [[Guinigi Tower]]).
The festival also (since 1967) presents a special award called the {{Interlanguage link multi|Gran Guinigi|it|3=Gran Guinigi|lt=Gran Guinigi Award}} (named after Lucca's [[Guinigi Tower]]).

In 2020, as the festival redubbed itself '''Lucca Changes''' amidst a shift to virtual programming during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|COVID-19 pandemic]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.luccachanges.com/it/page/lucca-comics-and-games-edizione-changes|title=Che cos'è Lucca Comics & Games - edizione Changes|accessdate=3 June 2021}}</ref> the awards shifted to a new system under the umbrella term '''Lucca Comics Awards''', consisting of 9 categories (3 Yellow Kids, 5 Gran Guinigis, and one Stefano Beani Award named for a former festival director), "regardless of nationality, editorial format or distribution method".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tomshw.it/culturapop/lucca-comics-awards-i-nuovi-oscar-del-fumetto-a-lucca-changes/|title=Lucca Comics Awards i nuovi "Oscar del Fumetto" a Lucca Changes |first= Domenico |last=Bottalico |date= 24 October 2020 |website=Tom's Hardware|accessdate=3 June 2021}}</ref>


==== Yellow Kid Award recipients ====
==== Yellow Kid Award recipients ====
* 1970: [[Johnny Hart]], for Best Cartoonist of the Year — first time this award was given to an American cartoonist<ref>Nordling, Lee. ''Your Career in the Comics'' (Newspaper Features Council (U.S.)/Andrews McMeel Publishing, 1995), p. 235.</ref>
* 1970: [[Johnny Hart]], for Best Cartoonist of the Year — first time this award was given to an American cartoonist<ref>Nordling, Lee. ''Your Career in the Comics'' (Newspaper Features Council (U.S.)/Andrews McMeel Publishing, 1995), p. 235.</ref>
* 1971: [[Mauricio de Sousa]], for Best Cartoonist of the Year. His work, the first edition of [[Monica's Gang]], also won Best Publication.
* 1971: [[Mauricio de Sousa]], for Best Cartoonist of the Year. His work, the first edition of ''[[Monica and Friends|Monica's Gang]]'', also won Best Publication.
* 1972:
* 1972:
** [[Hergé]], for "una vita per il cartooning" (lifetime award)<ref>[http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone08.asp "History of the Lucca festival"]. 1972. Retrieved 15 July 2006.</ref>
** [[Hergé]], for "una vita per il cartooning" (lifetime award)<ref>[http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone08.asp "History of the Lucca festival"]. 1972. Retrieved 15 July 2006.</ref>
** ''[[Tintin (magazine)|Tintin]]'' magazine, for Best Publication
** [[Tintin (magazine)|''Tintin'' magazine]], for Best Publication
* 1973: [[Guido Buzzelli]], for Best Illustrator and Author
* 1973: [[Guido Buzzelli]], for Best Illustrator and Author
* 1974: [[Vaughn Bodé]]
* 1974: [[Vaughn Bodē]]
* 1975:
* 1975:
** [[Jean Giraud]], for Best Foreign Artist<ref name="salon11">{{cite web|publisher =immaginecentrostudi.org | title = 11° Salone Internationale del Comics, del Film di Animazione e dell'Illustrazione | url =http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone11.asp |language=it}}</ref>
** [[Jean Giraud]], for Best Foreign Artist<ref name="salon11">{{cite web|publisher =immaginecentrostudi.org | title = 11° Salone Internationale del Comics, del Film di Animazione e dell'Illustrazione | url =http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone11.asp |language=it}}</ref>
** [[Dan O'Neill]]
** [[Dan O'Neill]]
** [[Frank Hampson]], declared ''Prestigioso Maestro'' and the best writer and artist of strip cartoons since the end of the [[Second World War]]{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
** [[Frank Hampson]], declared ''Prestigioso Maestro'' and the best writer and artist of strip cartoons since the end of the [[World War II|Second World War]]{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
* 1977: [[Fred (cartoonist)|Fred]]
* 1977: [[Fred (cartoonist)|Fred]]
* 1978:
* 1978:
Line 70: Line 75:
|url=http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone15.asp
|url=http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone15.asp
|language=Italian
|language=Italian
|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5wQIgLe0i?url=http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone15.asp
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227033314/http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone15.asp
|archive-date=27 February 2011
|archivedate=2011-02-11
|url-status=live
|url-status=live
|ref=harv
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* 1983:
* 1983:
** [[Gilbert Hernandez]]<ref>[http://www.bailsprojects.com/bio.aspx?Name=HERNANDEZ%2C+GILBERT Gilbert Hernandez entry], ''Who's Who of American Comic Books, 1928-1999''. Accessed June 15, 2015.</ref>
** [[Gilbert Hernandez]]<ref>[http://www.bailsprojects.com/bio.aspx?Name=HERNANDEZ%2C+GILBERT Gilbert Hernandez entry], ''Who's Who of American Comic Books, 1928-1999''. Accessed 15 June 2015.</ref>
** [[Jaime Hernandez]]<ref>"Hernandez Brothers Win Award," ''The Comics Journal'' #95 (Feb. 1985), p. 21.</ref>
** [[Jaime Hernandez]]<ref>"Hernandez Brothers Win Award", ''The Comics Journal'' #95 (Feb. 1985), p. 21.</ref>
* 1984: [[Strip Art Features]], for Best Foreign Comics Publisher<ref name="YK Awards-1984">{{cite web| last =Immagine-Centro Studi Iconografici | title =16° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS, 1984 | url = http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone16.asp | language=Italian }}</ref>
* 1984: [[Strip Art Features]], for Best Foreign Comics Publisher<ref name="YK Awards-1984">{{cite web| last =Immagine-Centro Studi Iconografici | title =16° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS, 1984 | url = http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone16.asp | language=Italian }}</ref>
* 1986: [[Bill Sienkiewicz]], for "bridging the gap between American and European artistic sensibilities"<ref name="W&P-BS">{{cite web |url= http://www.wordsandpictures.org/Elektra/elektra19.html|title= Bill Sienkiewicz Awards, Exhibits|publisher= Wordsandpictures.org|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120207173843/http://www.wordsandpictures.org/Elektra/elektra19.html|archivedate= February 7, 2012|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="YellowKid-86">{{cite web|publisher= Immagine-Centro Studi Iconografici|title =17° SALONE, 1986|url =http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone17.asp|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120207041827/http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone17.asp|archivedate= February 7, 2012|url-status= live|language=it}}</ref>
* 1986: [[Bill Sienkiewicz]], for "bridging the gap between American and European artistic sensibilities"<ref name="W&P-BS">{{cite web |url= http://www.wordsandpictures.org/Elektra/elektra19.html|title= Bill Sienkiewicz Awards, Exhibits|publisher= Wordsandpictures.org|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120207173843/http://www.wordsandpictures.org/Elektra/elektra19.html|archive-date= 7 February 2012|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="YellowKid-86">{{cite web|publisher= Immagine-Centro Studi Iconografici|title= 17° SALONE, 1986|url= http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone17.asp|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120207041827/http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone17.asp|archive-date= 7 February 2012|url-status= dead|language= it|access-date= 16 June 2015}}</ref>
* 1990:
* 1990:
** [[Neil Gaiman]]<ref>[http://www.neilgaiman.com/About_Neil/Awards_and_Honors "Awards and Honors,"] NeilGaiman.com. Accessed June 16, 2015.</ref>
** [[Neil Gaiman]]<ref>[http://www.neilgaiman.com/About_Neil/Awards_and_Honors "Awards and Honors"], NeilGaiman.com. Accessed 16 June 2015.</ref>
** [[Massimo Rotundo]], for Best Italian Comics Artist
** [[Massimo Rotundo]], for Best Italian Comics Artist
** [[Leonardo Ortolani]], for Best Newcomer
** [[Leonardo Ortolani]], for Best Newcomer
* 1993:
* 1993:
** [[John Byrne (comics)|John Byrne]]<ref name=Lucca93>Origa, Graziano. "Lucca Exhibition is Un Grande Successo: Yellow Kid Awards for John Byrne, François Boucq, Frank Thomas, and Ollie Johnston," ''The Comics Journal'' #156 (Feb. 1993), p. 41.</ref>
** [[John Byrne (comics)|John Byrne]]<ref name=Lucca93>Origa, Graziano. "Lucca Exhibition is Un Grande Successo: Yellow Kid Awards for John Byrne, François Boucq, Frank Thomas, and Ollie Johnston", ''The Comics Journal'' #156 (Feb. 1993), p. 41.</ref>
** [[François Boucq]]<ref name=Lucca93 />
** [[François Boucq]]<ref name=Lucca93 />
** [[Frank Thomas (animator)|Frank Thomas]]<ref name=Lucca93 />
** [[Frank Thomas (animator)|Frank Thomas]]<ref name=Lucca93 />
Line 94: Line 98:
==== Gran Guinigi recipients ====
==== Gran Guinigi recipients ====
* 1969: [[Hugo Pratt]], for ''Una ballata del mare salato''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Centro Studi Iconografici|url=http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone05.asp |title=5 Salone Internazionale dei Comics|language=Italian}}</ref>
* 1969: [[Hugo Pratt]], for ''Una ballata del mare salato''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Centro Studi Iconografici|url=http://www.immaginecentrostudi.org/saloni/salone05.asp |title=5 Salone Internazionale dei Comics|language=Italian}}</ref>
* 1975: [[Dan O'Neill]] for ''The Penny-Ante Republican''<ref>[http://www.bailsprojects.com/bio.aspx?Name=O%27NEILL%2c+DAN O'Neill entry], ''Who's Who of American Comic Books, 1928-1999''. Accessed Oct. 8, 2016.</ref>
* 1975: [[Dan O'Neill]] for ''The Penny-Ante Republican''<ref>[http://www.bailsprojects.com/bio.aspx?Name=O%27NEILL%2c+DAN O'Neill entry], ''Who's Who of American Comic Books, 1928-1999''. Accessed 8 October 2016.</ref>
* 1978: [[Carlos Trillo]]<ref name=YK1978 />
* 1978: [[Carlos Trillo]]<ref name=YK1978 />
* 1986: [[Bill Sienkiewicz]]<ref name="W&P-BS" /><ref name="YellowKid-86"/>
* 1986: [[Bill Sienkiewicz]]<ref name="W&P-BS" /><ref name="YellowKid-86"/>
* 1990: [[Massimo Rotundo]]
* 1990: [[Massimo Rotundo]]
* 2011: [[Boichi]], for ''Hotel''
* 2001: [[Aldo Di Gennaro]]
* 2005: [[Grazia Nidasio]]
* 2006: [[Gino D'Antonio]]
* 2007: [[Sergio Toppi]]
* 2008: [[Vittorio Giardino]]
* 2009: [[Robert Crumb]]
* 2010: [[Jiro Taniguchi]]
* 2011: [[Enrique Breccia]]
* 2012: [[Hermann Huppen]]
* 2013: [[Silver (cartoonist)|Silver]] (Guido Silvestri)
* 2014: [[Gipi]]
* 2015: [[Alfredo Castelli]]
* 2016: [[Albert Uderzo]]
* 2017: [[José Antonio Muñoz|José Muñoz]]
* 2018: [[Leiji Matsumoto]]
* 2019: [[Chris Claremont]]
* 2020: AkaB (Gabriele Di Benedetto)
* 2021: [[Lorenzo Mattotti]]
* 2022: [[Riyoko Ikeda]] and [[Milo Manara]]


=== Games awards ===
=== Games awards ===
* 1999: [[Murat CELEBI]]'s [skirmish miniature game ''[CONFRONTATION]'', for Best of Show.
* 1999: [[Murat CELEBI]]'s [skirmish miniature game ''[CONFRONTATION]'', for Best of Show.
* 2002: [[Emiliano Sciarra]]'s [[Wild West]]-themed card game ''[[Bang! (card game)|Bang!]]'', for Best of Show
* 2002: [[Emiliano Sciarra]]'s [[American frontier|Wild West]]-themed card game ''[[Bang! (card game)|Bang!]]'', for Best of Show
* 2003: ''[[Sine Requie]]'', for Best Italian Game
* 2003: ''[[Sine Requie]]'', for Best Italian Game
* 2004: [[Helena Bulaja]]'s ''Priče iz davnine'' ("''Croatian Tales of Long Ago''"), for Best Multimedia Award
* 2004: [[Helena Bulaja]]'s ''Priče iz davnine'' ("''Croatian Tales of Long Ago''"), for Best Multimedia Award
Line 110: Line 132:
* 2011:
* 2011:
** [[Vincent Baker]]'s ''[[Apocalypse World]]'', for RPG of the Year
** [[Vincent Baker]]'s ''[[Apocalypse World]]'', for RPG of the Year
** ''[[Twilight Struggle]]'', for Best of Show in Boardgame for Experts<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lucca2011.luccacomicsandgames.com/index.php?id=1059|title=Best of Show: i vincitori|lang=it|website=Lucca Comics & Games 2011|access-date=August 26, 2019}}</ref>
** ''[[Twilight Struggle]]'', for Best of Show in Boardgame for Experts<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lucca2011.luccacomicsandgames.com/index.php?id=1059|title=Best of Show: i vincitori|language=it|website=Lucca Comics & Games 2011|access-date=26 August 2019}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==
*{{official website|http://www.luccacomicsandgames.com}}
*{{Official website|http://www.luccacomicsandgames.com}}


{{Portal|Italy|Comics|Video games}}
{{Portal|Italy|Comics|Video games}}


{{Comic festivals and alternative comics conventions}}
{{Comic festivals and alternative comics conventions}}
{{Economy of Italy}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Lucca Comics and Games}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lucca Comics and Games}}
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[[Category:Recurring events established in 1965]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 1965]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in Italy]]
[[Category:Comics festivals]]

Revision as of 08:02, 19 January 2024

43°48′N 10°30′E / 43.8°N 10.5°E / 43.8; 10.5

Lucca Comics and Games
A Lucca Comics pavilion, near the San Michele in Foro basilica, in 2007
StatusActive
Location(s)Lucca
CountryItaly
Inaugurated1965
Attendance319,926 in 2022[1] [2]
Organized byComune of Lucca, through the limited company "Lucca Crea Srl",[3] in which flew the previous Srl " Lucca Comics & Games" and "Lucca Polo Fiere e Congressi" [4]
Websiteluccacomicsandgames.com

Lucca Comics & Games is an annual comic book and gaming convention in Lucca, Italy, traditionally held at the end of October, in conjunction with All Saints' Day. It is the largest comics festival in Europe, and the second biggest in the world after the Comiket.

History

Crowd in Vittorio Veneto street during the Lucca Comics and Games 2012
Entern of a pavilion

The Salone Internazionale del Comics ("International Congress of Comics") was launched by a Franco-Italian partnership, consisting of Italians Rinaldo Traini and Romano Calisi and Frenchman Claude Moliterni [fr] (forming the International Congress of Cartoonists and Animators) in 1965 in Bordighera.[5][6] In 1966, it moved to a small piazza in the center of Lucca, and grew in size and importance over the years.

Funding issues reduced the frequency of the festival to every two years, beginning in 1977. In the 1980s, the festival was moved to a sports center outside the city walls, where it remained until 1992, when it was moved to another city (funding issues also forced the cancellation of the 1988 festival).

After the Salone internazionale del Comics ended in Lucca, city leaders launched a new convention called simply Lucca Comics that was a reprise of the old one. In 1996, it changed its name to Lucca Comics & Games. The festival attracted 50,000 attendees in 2002.

Meanwhile, the Salone internazionale del Comics was held in Rome from 1995 to 2005. In 2006, for the festival's 40th anniversary, the Salone merged with Lucca Comics & Games and moved back to Lucca's city center, with numerous tents and pavilions arranged in different squares within and outside the walls of the medieval city.

In 2022 the festival sold 319,926 tickets, beating the record established in 2016, when it had attracted 270,000 attendees.

Awards

The stage of cosplay
The italian actors Herbert Ballerina and Maccio Capatonda at Lucca Comics & Games 2016

Comics awards

From 1970 to 2005, the festival presented the Yellow Kid Award — named in honor of Richard F. Outcault's seminal comic strip character The Yellow Kid — in such categories as Best Cartoonist, Best Illustrator, Best Newcomer, Best Foreign Artist, and Lifetime Achievement. Yellow Kid Awards were also presented to publishers, both domestic and foreign.

The festival also (since 1967) presents a special award called the Gran Guinigi Award [it] (named after Lucca's Guinigi Tower).

In 2020, as the festival redubbed itself Lucca Changes amidst a shift to virtual programming during the COVID-19 pandemic,[7] the awards shifted to a new system under the umbrella term Lucca Comics Awards, consisting of 9 categories (3 Yellow Kids, 5 Gran Guinigis, and one Stefano Beani Award named for a former festival director), "regardless of nationality, editorial format or distribution method".[8]

Yellow Kid Award recipients

Gran Guinigi recipients

Games awards

References

  1. ^ "Lucca Comics & Games 2002, grande successo di pubblico: un'altra incredibile edizione è giunta al termine". Il Quotidiano Italiano (in Italian). 2 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  2. ^ "Lucca Comics & Games, il ritorno della community delle community è da record" (PDF). Lucca Comics & Games (in Italian). 1 November 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  3. ^ Lucca Crea
  4. ^ Lucca Comics & Games Srl - Chi siamo
  5. ^ "Lucca 9", Bang! #11 (1974), p. 55.
  6. ^ Pasamonik, Didier. "Disparition de Claude Moliterni, fondateur du Festival d'Angoulême", ActuaBD (21 January 2009). (in French)
  7. ^ "Che cos'è Lucca Comics & Games - edizione Changes". Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  8. ^ Bottalico, Domenico (24 October 2020). "Lucca Comics Awards i nuovi "Oscar del Fumetto" a Lucca Changes". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  9. ^ Nordling, Lee. Your Career in the Comics (Newspaper Features Council (U.S.)/Andrews McMeel Publishing, 1995), p. 235.
  10. ^ "History of the Lucca festival". 1972. Retrieved 15 July 2006.
  11. ^ "11° Salone Internationale del Comics, del Film di Animazione e dell'Illustrazione" (in Italian). immaginecentrostudi.org.
  12. ^ Clute, John and John Grant. The Encyclopedia of Fantasy (Macmillan, 1999), p. 621
  13. ^ a b "13 Salone Internazionale dei Comics" (in Italian). Centro Studi Iconografici.
  14. ^ Traini, Rinaldo (1982). "15° SALONE, 1982" (in Italian). Immagine-Centro Studi Iconografici. Archived from the original on 27 February 2011.
  15. ^ Gilbert Hernandez entry, Who's Who of American Comic Books, 1928-1999. Accessed 15 June 2015.
  16. ^ "Hernandez Brothers Win Award", The Comics Journal #95 (Feb. 1985), p. 21.
  17. ^ Immagine-Centro Studi Iconografici. "16° SALONE INTERNAZIONALE DEI COMICS, 1984" (in Italian).
  18. ^ a b "Bill Sienkiewicz Awards, Exhibits". Wordsandpictures.org. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012.
  19. ^ a b "17° SALONE, 1986" (in Italian). Immagine-Centro Studi Iconografici. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  20. ^ "Awards and Honors", NeilGaiman.com. Accessed 16 June 2015.
  21. ^ a b c d Origa, Graziano. "Lucca Exhibition is Un Grande Successo: Yellow Kid Awards for John Byrne, François Boucq, Frank Thomas, and Ollie Johnston", The Comics Journal #156 (Feb. 1993), p. 41.
  22. ^ Duncan, Randy, and Matthew J. Smith. Icons of the American Comic Book: From Captain America to Wonder Woman, vol. 1, (ABC-CLIO, 2013), p. 98
  23. ^ Centro Studi Iconografici. "5 Salone Internazionale dei Comics" (in Italian).
  24. ^ O'Neill entry, Who's Who of American Comic Books, 1928-1999. Accessed 8 October 2016.
  25. ^ "Best of Show: i vincitori". Lucca Comics & Games 2011 (in Italian). Retrieved 26 August 2019.
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