Ganda Iso: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Infobox War Faction |
{{Infobox War Faction |
||
|name = Ganda Iso |
|name = Ganda Iso |
||
|war = [[2012 insurgency in northern Mali]] |
|war = [[Tuareg rebellion (1990–95)]] <br> [[2012 insurgency in northern Mali]] |
||
|image = |
|image = |
||
|active = 2009–present |
|active = 2009–present |
||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
|strength = 1,300 <small>(July 2012)</small><ref>[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5050583a2.html Mali's Self-Defense Militias Take the Reconquest of the North Into Their Own Hands] Refworld.org ([[Jamestown Foundation]]), 10 August 2012</ref> |
|strength = 1,300 <small>(July 2012)</small><ref>[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5050583a2.html Mali's Self-Defense Militias Take the Reconquest of the North Into Their Own Hands] Refworld.org ([[Jamestown Foundation]]), 10 August 2012</ref> |
||
|partof = |
|partof = |
||
|previous = |
|previous = Ganda Koy |
||
|next = |
|next = |
||
|allies = {{flag|Mali}}<br>[[Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa]] |
|allies = {{flag|Mali}}<br>[[Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa]] |
||
| ⚫ | |opponents = {{flagicon image|MNLA flag.svg}} [[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]]<ref name="Mahjar-Barducci 2012-07-06">{{cite web |url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/6496.htm#_edn18 |title=MNLA: The Fight For A Secular State Of Azawad – Part II: Fighting Terror In The Sahel |last1=Mahjar-Barducci |first1=Anna |date= 6 July 2012|work=Inquiry & Analysis Series Report No.854 |publisher=[[Middle East Media Research Institute]] |accessdate=13 January 2013}}</ref> |
||
|opponents = {{flagicon image|MNLA flag.svg}} [[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]] |
|||
|battles and wars = [[Tuareg rebellion (1990–95)]] <br> [[2012 insurgency in northern Mali]] |
|||
|battles = |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Ganda Iso''', or '''Ganda Izo''', meaning "Sons of Land", is a paramilitary group which emerged in [[Northern Mali]] in the early 21st century and has been active during the 2012 [[Northern Mali conflict (2012–present)|Northern Mali Conflict]]. |
'''Ganda Iso''', or '''Ganda Izo''', meaning "Sons of Land", is a paramilitary group which emerged in [[Northern Mali]] in the early 21st century and has been active during the 2012 [[Northern Mali conflict (2012–present)|Northern Mali Conflict]]. |
||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
== Formation == |
== Formation == |
||
The Ganda Koy movement was founded in May 1994, by Seydou Cissé, as a response to rising tensions between Tuaregs and sedentary black tribes of the [[Gao Region]], in northern Mali.Ganda Koy fighters were recruited among Songhai, Bambara, Fulani, Bozo and Tuareg-Bella tribesmen.<ref name=Uhr>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/swac/publications/47092939.pdf|title=OECD Report|date=2010|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref> <ref name="Mahjar-Barducci 2012-07-06"/> |
The Ganda Koy movement was founded in May 1994, by Seydou Cissé, as a response to rising tensions between Tuaregs and sedentary black tribes of the [[Gao Region]], in northern Mali.Ganda Koy fighters were recruited among Songhai, Bambara, Fulani, Bozo and Tuareg-Bella tribesmen.<ref name=Uhr>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/swac/publications/47092939.pdf|title=OECD Report|date=2010|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref> <ref name="Mahjar-Barducci 2012-07-06"/> |
||
| ⚫ | Ganda Koy later transformed into Ganda Iso, which is seen as its direct successor.<ref name="McGregor 2012-04-20">{{cite web |url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=39290 |title="The Sons of the Land": Tribal Challenges to the Tuareg Conquest of Northern Mali |last1=McGregor |first1=Andrew |date= 20 April 2012|work=Terrorism Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 8 |publisher=[[Jamestown Foundation]] |accessdate=13 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="Mahjar-Barducci 2012-07-06"/> |
||
Ganda Koy immediately rejected the “National Pact” for peace signed in April 1992.The movement then embraced a racist anti-Tuareg ideology, in response to what it perceived as Tuareg oppression.<ref name=Uhr/> |
Ganda Koy immediately rejected the “National Pact” for peace signed in April 1992.The movement then embraced a racist anti-Tuareg ideology, in response to what it perceived as Tuareg oppression.<ref name=Uhr/> |
||
| ⚫ | Ganda Koy later transformed into Ganda Iso, which is seen as its direct successor.<ref name="McGregor 2012-04-20">{{cite web |url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=39290 |title="The Sons of the Land": Tribal Challenges to the Tuareg Conquest of Northern Mali |last1=McGregor |first1=Andrew |date= 20 April 2012|work=Terrorism Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 8 |publisher=[[Jamestown Foundation]] |accessdate=13 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="Mahjar-Barducci 2012-07-06"/> |
||
== Touareg Conflict == |
== Touareg Conflict == |
||
In 1994, Ganda Koy actions amounted to 60-300 deaths.<ref name=Uhr/> |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
In 2008, a Ganda Iso military leader, Sergeant Amadou Diallo, conducted a "broad daylight massacre" where four Tuareg civilians were killed. This resulted into a split between Diallo and the civilian leadership of the movement.<ref name="McGregor 2012-04-20"/> |
In 2008, a Ganda Iso military leader, Sergeant Amadou Diallo, conducted a "broad daylight massacre" where four Tuareg civilians were killed. This resulted into a split between Diallo and the civilian leadership of the movement.<ref name="McGregor 2012-04-20"/> |
||
Revision as of 10:40, 11 October 2014
| Ganda Iso | |
|---|---|
| Leaders | Seydou Cissé Amadou Diallo |
| Dates of operation | 2009–present |
| Active regions | Mali |
| Allies |  MaliMovement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa |
| Opponents |  National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad[1] |
| Battles and wars | Tuareg rebellion (1990–95) 2012 insurgency in northern Mali |
Ganda Iso, or Ganda Izo, meaning "Sons of Land", is a paramilitary group which emerged in Northern Mali in the early 21st century and has been active during the 2012 Northern Mali Conflict.
Formation
The Ganda Koy movement was founded in May 1994, by Seydou Cissé, as a response to rising tensions between Tuaregs and sedentary black tribes of the Gao Region, in northern Mali.Ganda Koy fighters were recruited among Songhai, Bambara, Fulani, Bozo and Tuareg-Bella tribesmen.[3] [1]
Ganda Koy immediately rejected the “National Pact” for peace signed in April 1992.The movement then embraced a racist anti-Tuareg ideology, in response to what it perceived as Tuareg oppression.[3]
Ganda Koy later transformed into Ganda Iso, which is seen as its direct successor.[4][1]
Touareg Conflict
In 1994, Ganda Koy actions amounted to 60-300 deaths.[3]
In 2008, a Ganda Iso military leader, Sergeant Amadou Diallo, conducted a "broad daylight massacre" where four Tuareg civilians were killed. This resulted into a split between Diallo and the civilian leadership of the movement.[4]
Amadou Diallo was reportedly killed in Ansongo, in a battle against MNLA rebels on 25 March 2012.[4]
On 1 September 2012, the town of Douentza, in the Mopti Region, until then controlled by Ganda Iso, is taken without violence by the Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa.[5]
References
- ^ a b c Mahjar-Barducci, Anna (6 July 2012). "MNLA: The Fight For A Secular State Of Azawad – Part II: Fighting Terror In The Sahel". Inquiry & Analysis Series Report No.854. Middle East Media Research Institute. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
- ^ Mali's Self-Defense Militias Take the Reconquest of the North Into Their Own Hands Refworld.org (Jamestown Foundation), 10 August 2012
- ^ a b c "OECD Report" (PDF). 2010. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
- ^ a b c McGregor, Andrew (20 April 2012). ""The Sons of the Land": Tribal Challenges to the Tuareg Conquest of Northern Mali". Terrorism Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 8. Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
- ^ "Mali: des islamistes à la lisière Nord-Sud". Le Figaro. 1 September 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2013.