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{{Short description|Paramilitary group}}
{{Infobox War Faction
{{Infobox War Faction
|name = Ganda Iso
| name = Ganda Iso
|war = [[Tuareg rebellion (1990–95)]] <br> [[2012 insurgency in northern Mali]]
| war = [[Tuareg rebellion (1990–95)]]<br>[[2012 insurgency in northern Mali]]
|image = Pro-government militia in Mali training.PNG
| image = Pro-government militia in Mali training.PNG
|caption = Ganda Koy militants training in Sevare, 2012
| caption = Ganda Koy militants training in Sevare, 2012.
|active = 2009–present
| active = 2009–present
|leaders = Seydou Cissé<br>Amadou Diallo
| leaders = Seydou Cissé<br>Amadou Diallo
|clans =
| clans =
|headquarters =
| headquarters =
|area = [[Mali]]
| area = [[Mali]]
|size = 1,300 <small>(July 2012)</small><ref>[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5050583a2.html Mali's Self-Defense Militias Take the Reconquest of the North Into Their Own Hands] Refworld.org ([[Jamestown Foundation]]), 10 August 2012</ref>
| size = 1,300 <small>(July 2012)</small><ref>[http://www.refworld.org/docid/5050583a2.html Mali's Self-Defense Militias Take the Reconquest of the North Into Their Own Hands] Refworld.org ([[Jamestown Foundation]]), 10 August 2012</ref>
|partof =
| partof =
|predecessor = Ganda Koy
| predecessor = [[Ganda Koy]]
|successor =
| successor =
|allies = {{flag|Mali}}
| allies = {{flag|Mali}}
|opponents = {{flagicon image|MNLA flag.svg}} [[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]]<ref name="Mahjar-Barducci 2012-07-06">{{cite web |url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/6496.htm#_edn18 |title=MNLA: The Fight For A Secular State Of Azawad – Part II: Fighting Terror In The Sahel |last1=Mahjar-Barducci |first1=Anna |date= 6 July 2012|work=Inquiry & Analysis Series Report No.854 |publisher=[[Middle East Media Research Institute]] |accessdate=13 January 2013}}</ref>
| opponents = {{flagicon image|MNLA flag.svg}} [[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]]<ref name="Mahjar-Barducci 2012-07-06">{{cite web |url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/6496.htm#_edn18 |title=MNLA: The Fight For A Secular State Of Azawad – Part II: Fighting Terror In The Sahel |last1=Mahjar-Barducci |first1=Anna |date= 6 July 2012|work=Inquiry & Analysis Series Report No.854 |publisher=[[Middle East Media Research Institute]] |accessdate=13 January 2013}}</ref>
|battles and wars = [[Tuareg rebellion (1990–95)]] <br> [[2012 insurgency in northern Mali]]
| battles and wars =
}}
}}
'''Ganda Iso''', or '''Ganda Izo''', meaning "Sons of Land", is a paramilitary group that emerged in [[Northern Mali]] in the early 21st century and has been active during the [[Northern Mali conflict (2012–present)|Northern Mali Conflict]], which began in 2012.
'''Ganda Iso''', or '''Ganda Izo''', meaning "Sons of Land", is a paramilitary group that emerged in [[Azawad|Northern Mali]] in the early 21st century and has been active during the [[Mali War|Northern Mali Conflict]], which began in January 2012.


== Formation ==
== Formation ==
The Ganda Koy movement was founded in May 1994, by Seydou Cissé, as a response to rising tensions between Tuaregs and sedentary black tribes of the [[Gao Region]], in northern Mali. Ganda Koy fighters were recruited among [[Songhai people|Songhai]], [[Bambara people|Bambara]], [[Fulani people|Fulani]], [[Bozo people|Bozo]] and Tuareg-Bella tribesmen.<ref name=Uhr>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/swac/publications/47092939.pdf|title=OECD Report|date=2010|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="Mahjar-Barducci 2012-07-06"/>
The Ganda Koy movement was founded in May 1994, by [[Seydou Cissé (Mali)|Seydou Cissé]], as a response to rising tensions between [[Tuareg people|Tuaregs]] and sedentary black tribes of the [[Gao Region]], in northern Mali. Ganda Koy fighters were recruited among [[Songhai people|Songhai]], [[Bambara people|Bambara]], [[Fula people|Fulani]], [[Bozo people|Bozo]] and [[Ikelan|Tuareg-Bella]] tribesmen.<ref name=Uhr>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/swac/publications/47092939.pdf|title=OECD Report|date=2010|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="Mahjar-Barducci 2012-07-06"/>


Ganda Koy immediately rejected the “National Pact” for peace signed in April 1992.The movement then embraced a racist anti-Tuareg ideology, in response to what it perceived as Tuareg oppression.<ref name=Uhr/>
Ganda Koy immediately rejected the “National Pact” for Peace signed in April 1992. The movement then embraced a racist anti-Tuareg ideology, in response to what it perceived as Tuareg oppression.<ref name=Uhr/>


Ganda Koy later transformed into Ganda Iso, which is seen as its direct successor.<ref name="McGregor 2012-04-20">{{cite web |url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=39290 |title="The Sons of the Land": Tribal Challenges to the Tuareg Conquest of Northern Mali |last1=McGregor |first1=Andrew |date= 20 April 2012|work=Terrorism Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 8 |publisher=[[Jamestown Foundation]] |accessdate=13 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="Mahjar-Barducci 2012-07-06"/>
Ganda Koy later transformed into Ganda Iso, which is seen as its direct successor.<ref name="McGregor 2012-04-20">{{cite news |url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=39290 |title="The Sons of the Land": Tribal Challenges to the Tuareg Conquest of Northern Mali |last1=McGregor |first1=Andrew |date= 20 April 2012|work=Terrorism Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 8 |publisher=[[Jamestown Foundation]] |accessdate=13 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="Mahjar-Barducci 2012-07-06"/>


== Touareg Conflict ==
== Tuareg Conflict ==
In 1994, Ganda Koy actions amounted to 60-300 deaths.<ref name=Uhr/>
In 1994, Ganda Koy actions amounted to 60-300 deaths.<ref name=Uhr/>


In 2008, a Ganda Iso military leader, Sergeant Amadou Diallo, conducted a "broad daylight massacre" where four Tuareg civilians were killed. This resulted in a split between Diallo and the civilian leadership of the movement.<ref name="McGregor 2012-04-20"/>
In 2008, a Ganda Iso military leader, Sergeant [[Amadou Diallo (Mali)|Amadou Diallo]], conducted a "broad daylight massacre" where four Tuareg civilians were killed. This resulted in a split between Diallo and the civilian leadership of the movement.<ref name="McGregor 2012-04-20"/>


Amadou Diallo was reportedly killed in [[Ansongo]], in a battle against MNLA rebels on 25 March 2012.<ref name="McGregor 2012-04-20"/>
Amadou Diallo was reportedly killed in [[Ansongo]], in a battle against [[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad|MNLA]] rebels on 25 March 2012.<ref name="McGregor 2012-04-20"/>


On 1 September 2012, the town of [[Douentza]], in the [[Mopti Region]], until then controlled by Ganda Iso, is taken without violence by the [[Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa]].<ref name="Le Figaro 2012-09-01">{{cite news|title=Mali: des islamistes à la lisière Nord-Sud|accessdate=13 January 2013|newspaper=Le Figaro|date=1 September 2012|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2012/09/01/97001-20120901FILWWW00429-mali-des-islamistes-a-la-lisiere-nord-sud.php}}</ref>
On 1 September 2012, the town of [[Douentza]], in the [[Mopti Region]], until then controlled by Ganda Iso, is taken without violence by the [[Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa]] (MUJAO).<ref name="Le Figaro 2012-09-01">{{cite news|title=Mali: des islamistes à la lisière Nord-Sud|accessdate=13 January 2013|newspaper=Le Figaro|date=1 September 2012|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2012/09/01/97001-20120901FILWWW00429-mali-des-islamistes-a-la-lisiere-nord-sud.php}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Political movements in Mali]]
[[Category:Political movements in Mali]]
[[Category:Rebel groups in Mali]]
[[Category:Rebel groups in Mali]]
[[Category:Tuareg rebellion (2012)]]

Latest revision as of 19:33, 9 May 2024

Ganda Iso
LeadersSeydou Cissé
Amadou Diallo
Dates of operation2009–present
Active regionsMali
Size1,300 (July 2012)[1]
Allies Mali
Opponents National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad[2]
Battles and warsTuareg rebellion (1990–95)
2012 insurgency in northern Mali
Preceded by
Ganda Koy

Ganda Iso, or Ganda Izo, meaning "Sons of Land", is a paramilitary group that emerged in Northern Mali in the early 21st century and has been active during the Northern Mali Conflict, which began in January 2012.

Formation[edit]

The Ganda Koy movement was founded in May 1994, by Seydou Cissé, as a response to rising tensions between Tuaregs and sedentary black tribes of the Gao Region, in northern Mali. Ganda Koy fighters were recruited among Songhai, Bambara, Fulani, Bozo and Tuareg-Bella tribesmen.[3][2]

Ganda Koy immediately rejected the “National Pact” for Peace signed in April 1992. The movement then embraced a racist anti-Tuareg ideology, in response to what it perceived as Tuareg oppression.[3]

Ganda Koy later transformed into Ganda Iso, which is seen as its direct successor.[4][2]

Tuareg Conflict[edit]

In 1994, Ganda Koy actions amounted to 60-300 deaths.[3]

In 2008, a Ganda Iso military leader, Sergeant Amadou Diallo, conducted a "broad daylight massacre" where four Tuareg civilians were killed. This resulted in a split between Diallo and the civilian leadership of the movement.[4]

Amadou Diallo was reportedly killed in Ansongo, in a battle against MNLA rebels on 25 March 2012.[4]

On 1 September 2012, the town of Douentza, in the Mopti Region, until then controlled by Ganda Iso, is taken without violence by the Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO).[5]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Mali's Self-Defense Militias Take the Reconquest of the North Into Their Own Hands Refworld.org (Jamestown Foundation), 10 August 2012
  2. ^ a b c Mahjar-Barducci, Anna (6 July 2012). "MNLA: The Fight For A Secular State Of Azawad – Part II: Fighting Terror In The Sahel". Inquiry & Analysis Series Report No.854. Middle East Media Research Institute. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  3. ^ a b c "OECD Report" (PDF). 2010. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
  4. ^ a b c McGregor, Andrew (20 April 2012). ""The Sons of the Land": Tribal Challenges to the Tuareg Conquest of Northern Mali". Terrorism Monitor Volume: 10 Issue: 8. Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
  5. ^ "Mali: des islamistes à la lisière Nord-Sud". Le Figaro. 1 September 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
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