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#REDIRECT [[Caraquet#History]]
{{Short description|none}}
The '''history of Caraquet''', located in the [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[New Brunswick]], begins six thousand years ago, when Paleoamericans started using the area as a settlement. After being visited by various European fishermen and merchants from the [[13th century]] onwards, the [[Breton language|Breton]] [[Gabriel Giraud dit Saint-Jean]] founded the town around [[1731]].


{{Rcat shell|
== Toponymy ==
{{R to related topic}}
[[File:Canada New Brunswick location map 2.svg|thumb|Map of localisation of Caraquet]]
}}
[[File:Carte topo Caraquet.svg|thumb|Topographical map of Caraquet.]]
[[File:La rencontre de deux rivières.JPG|thumb|The confluence of the Caraquet River (left) and the Rivière du Nord (right).]]
In the [[17th century]], the settlement was called Habitation Pichiguy (''Habitaçion Pichiguy''), a toponym derived either from the [[Basque language|Basque]] language or from the [[Algonquian–Basque pidgin|Basque-Algonquin]] [[pidgin]] used at the time for exchanges between [[Basques]] and [[Mi'kmaq|Mi'kmaqs]]. Its meaning is uncertain..<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Loewen |first=Brad |year=2012 |title=The Basques in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and Adjacent Shores |url=https://www.academia.edu/5254166 |journal=Canadian Journal of Archaeology/Journal Canadien d'Archéologie |issue=36 |pages=351–404}}</ref>

The toponym Caraquet was first mentioned on December 18, 1664, during a trial in [[France]] between two groups of fishermen disputing the use of the port.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Gouvernement du Nouveau-Brunswick |first=Canada |date=2012-11-09 |title=Publication archéologique - Archéologie - Tourisme, Patrimoine et Culture |url=https://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/fr/ministeres/tpc/patrimoine/content/archeologie/manuscrits.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=www2.gnb.ca |language=fr}}</ref> Governor [[Nicolas Denys]] mentioned the toponym Caraquet in [[1672]], in his book ''[[Description géographique et historique des côtes de l'Amérique septentrionale, avec l'histoire naturelle de ce pays]]''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Ganong |first=William Francis |title=The history of Caraquet and Pokemouche |publisher=New Brunswick Museum |year=1948}}</ref> He gives a brief description of two islands, mistakenly identified in his text as the îles de Tousquet but on his map as the îles de Caraquet - [[Caraquet Island]] and [[Pokesudie, New Brunswick|Pokesudie]] Island.<ref name=":2" /> Different spellings used over the years include Karaquet, Quaraqu, Carraquet and Caraquette.<ref group="note">A restaurant now bears the ''Caraquette'' name.</ref>

Four theories attempt to explain the origin of the name Caraquet. The first is that the name comes from a word in the [[Mi'kmaq language]], ''Kalaket'' or ''Pkalge'' depending on the source, meaning “the meeting of two rivers”, in reference to the [[confluence]] of the [[Rivière du Nord (New Brunswick)|Rivière du Nord]] and the [[Caraquet River|Caraquet river]] to the west of the town.''<ref name=":2" />''<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Thériault |first=Paul-Émile |title=Clin d'œil sur nos communautés: Le Pkalge du Micmac ou la Carraque des Normands? |publisher=L'Acadie nouvelle |year=2005}}</ref> It should be noted that today's Micmacs call the town ''Kalaket''.''<ref name=":2" />'' According to the second theory, the name refers to a type of boat, the [[Carrack]].<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=Caraquet |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9020221 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref> According to historian Fidèle Thériault, this theory is the most plausible, as the Mi'kmaq language does not possess the “r” sound.<ref name=":3" /> The third theory, also introduced by Fidèle Thériault, relates it to the name of [[Bahía de Caráquez|the ''Bahía de Caráquez'']] in [[Ecuador]]. This [[Spanish language|Spanish]] origin could be explained by the Basque presence and the deformation of the name they gave to the [[Caraquet Island]].<ref name=":1" /> The fourth theory, less widespread, attempts to explain the origin of the name by the fact that two [[France|French]] [[Lieu-dit|''lieux-dits'']], one in [[Boursin]] and the other in [[Desvres]], bear the name Caraquet.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Le Bouthillier |first=Claude |title=Le Grand Caraquet |publisher=L'Acadie nouvelle}}</ref>

The name is [[International Phonetic Alphabet|pronounced]] /'kara.kɛt/ in French.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Canadian Oxford Dictionnary |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-541816-3 |last1=Barber |first1=Katherine |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>

== Prehistory ==

=== Glacial retreat and settlement ===
[[File:Retrait des glaces en Amérique.svg|thumb|Receding glaciers in North America.]]
All of Canada and part of the United States have undergone the [[Last Glacial Period|Wisconsin glaciation]], which reached the Atlantic provinces around 25,000 years ago and peaked around 18,000 years ago; the [[ice sheet]] reached several kilometers thick in central New Brunswick, while sea levels drop by more than 100 meters in some places. When the ice retreated, between 15,000 and 12,000 years ago, the water level remained low and formed a vast land called Northumbria. The climate is warmer, comparable to the southern United States, and the fauna is therefore different. The water level finally rose around 5,500 years ago as a result of [[post-glacial rebound]] and is still rising today.<ref name=":4">{{Harvtxt|Keenlyside|1999|pp=52-55}}</ref>

=== Paleoamericans ===
The first humans arrived in North America at least 20,000 years ago and may have been living south of the glaciers at the same time.<ref name=":5">{{Harvtxt|Keenlyside|1999|p=55-56}}</ref> As the glaciers receded, [[Paleo-Indians|Paleoamerican]] [[Hunter-gatherer|hunter-gatherers]] were attracted by the rich flora and fauna of the Maritime provinces around 11,000 years ago.<ref name=":5" /> Paleoamericans produced carved stone tools. No sites are yet known in Caraquet, but they were present as close as the [[Pokemouche River]]. Nor do archaeologists know whether the Paleoamericans moved on, or whether they are the ancestors of today's Amerindian peoples. However, there are similarities between some of their tools.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Keenlyside|1999|pp=56-62}}</ref>

=== Great hiatus (-8000 to -3000) ===
The period from the 8th to the 4th millennium B.C. is poorly understood, as is the case for many regions of eastern Canada. Archaeologists know that Palaeo-Americans still inhabited this area, as arrowheads similar to their own have been found in several places, but there is no evidence of permanent settlements. The apparent lack of human presence is the result of a dense [[pine]] forest that grew during this period, greatly reducing the quantity of game and resources. Other archaeologists are opposed to this theory, citing the lack of conclusive evidence for the existence of this forest and the assertion that it did not occupy the entire territory, allowing certain groups to survive. However, people had been exploiting fishery resources since the 9th millennium BC. According to James A. Tuck, Paleoamericans would have lived on the Maritime shoreline throughout this period and even ventured inland. However, the steady rise in sea level has erased all traces of human presence.<ref name=":6">{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|pp=14-16}}</ref>

=== Late pre-Ceramic period (-3000 to -500) ===
The Late Pre-Ceramic period is the earliest period for which archaeologists have been able to find numerous [[Artifact (archaeology)|artifacts]], at least in the rest of the Maritime Provinces. It began at the turn of the [[4th millennium BC]] and the [[3rd millennium BC]], and lasted until the middle of the [[1st millennium BC]], corresponding to the [[Archaic Period (Americas)|Archaic period in the Americas]]; it should be noted that the adjective “archaic” applies poorly to the Maritimes, since [[agriculture]] never really existed there during prehistory.<ref name=":7">{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|pp=18-20}}</ref>

[[Maritime Archaic]] culture extends along the coasts from New England to Labrador, presumably implying the presence of a maritime communication network. The oldest site, south of Labrador, dates from the [[7th millennium BC]], while sites further south date from the middle of the [[3rd millennium BC]]; however, rising sea levels have caused most archaeological sites to disappear.<ref name=":8">{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|pp=26-27}}</ref> Some artifacts discovered in Labrador are made of cut stone, suggesting a transition between Paleo-American and Maritime Archaic cultures. In addition, artifacts found in the [[L'Anse Amour]] burial mound suggest a seafaring lifestyle.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=McGhee |first=Robert |title=Préhistoire - La Côte est |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=F1ARTF0006457#SEC929096 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825154749/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=F1ARTF0006457#SEC929096 |archive-date=2007-08-25 |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=L'encyclopédie canadienne}}</ref>

The Laurentian culture, so named because it was discovered on the banks of the [[St. Lawrence River]], extends inland, mainly in central New Brunswick and to a lesser extent in Nova Scotia, probably because it spread eastwards from New England; a mixed forest, to which this people are adapted, would indeed have formed at this time.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=23}}</ref> Laurentian sites can be recognized by three criteria: the lack of pottery, pipes, and traces of agriculture, the presence of specific polished stone objects and the presence of carved stone objects; sites in the Maritimes, dating from around [[30th century BC|-3000]] to [[500 BC|-500]], meet all three criteria.<ref name=":10">{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=20}}</ref> It seems that this people was made up of small nomadic groups.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=25}}</ref> They probably wore thick leather garments in winter and very light clothing in summer. Their beliefs include the wearing of [[Amulet|amulets]] made from teeth or other animal remains, and particular care for funerals, with weapons, tools, and red [[ochre]] buried with the deceased.<ref name=":11">{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=26}}</ref>

At least two other peoples evolved in the Maritime provinces, but quite far from the Caraquet site: the Susquehanna culture and possibly the archaic Shield culture, from the [[2nd millennium BC]] onwards.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=31}}</ref><ref>{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=33}}</ref> Between [[21st century BC|2000]] and [[500 BC|500]] BC, the Maritime Archaic culture was displaced from Labrador by [[Paleo-Eskimo|Palaeoeskimos]] from the [[Arctic]], as well as by the Shield Archaic culture and Laurentian culture.<ref name=":9" />

=== Ceramic period (500 BC to 1604) ===
[[File:Micmac2.jpg|left|thumb|[[Mi'kmaq]] people]]
[[Mi'kmaq|Mi'kmaqs]] colonized the region at least 2,500 years ago. Caraquet was part of the Gespegeoag district, which encompassed the Chaleur Bay coastline. The main Micmac villages were located in [[Pokemouche, New Brunswick|Pokemouche]], [[Tracadie-Sheila|Tracadie]], and [[Tabusintac, New Brunswick|Tabusintac]]. Little is known about their presence in Caraquet, and this is mostly based on oral tradition, which maintains that they camped at Pointe à Brideau, west of the port. Caraquet is the first natural harbor east of the [[Nepisiguit River|Népisiguit River]], which must have made it a popular spot in case of storms.<ref name=":1" />

There appear to have been two peoples during the pottery period: the Etchemins, present in western and southwestern New Brunswick, and the Souriquois, present in the rest of the territory. Their territory is more or less the same as that of today's [[Mi'kmaq|Mi'kmaqs]] and [[Wolastoqiyik|Maliseets]], and it's almost certain that the [[Mi'kmaq|Souriquois]] are the Micmacs, but the link between the Etchemins and the Maliseets is more tenuous.<ref name=":12">{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|pp=42-44}}</ref> Today, the Maliseet and Micmac speak fairly similar [[Algonquian languages]], suggesting that they derive from the same people.<ref name=":13">{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=71}}</ref> Their prehistory is also similar, but certain differences point to an early separation, probably even before the ceramic period<ref name=":13" />. As for the Mi'kmaqs, their [[Augustine tumulus]] at [[Metepenagiag Miꞌkmaq Nation|Metepenagiag]] is associated with the [[Adena culture|Adena]] culture of the [[Ohio River]] valley, suggesting several cultural influences.<ref name=":9" />
[[File:Micmac1.jpg|thumb|Mi'kmaq in 1873]]
Ceramics were introduced around the middle of the [[1st millennium BC]]. The Micmacs are thought to have imported it from Quebec, via the Gaspé.<ref name=":15">{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=76}}</ref> Although its introduction certainly improved the way of life, its bulkiness and fragility for semi-nomadic populations led several tribes to abandon this technique later on. This would also explain the eagerness with which [[copper]] pots were adopted after the arrival of Europeans.<ref name=":14">{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=47}}</ref> Ceramics in the Maritimes followed a similar pattern to those elsewhere on the continent. The earliest Micmac pots are the thinnest and hardest, and their decoration is made with a serrated tool, whereas later pots are thicker and more friable, and their decoration is made with a paddle wrapped around a string while the clay is still wet.<ref name=":16">{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=79}}</ref>

The Micmacs seem to have always had a [[Nomad|semi-nomadic]] lifestyle, moving to the coast in late winter to fish. Migratory birds, apparently more numerous at the time, provide much of the food in spring, supplemented by the hunting of local animals. During the summer, they sometimes fished with hooks, in addition to occasionally collecting mollusks.<ref name=":17">{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=72}}</ref> Marine mammals are mostly hunted in summer, while migratory birds are also hunted in autumn. The Micmacs then move inland to fish for eels. Smoked or dried fish and eels are used as winter provisions, but land mammals are also hunted.<ref name=":18">{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=73}}</ref> The oldest seasonal camps have been discovered near [[Tracadie-Sheila]], as well as in several places on Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia, but the most important and oldest site - dating from the middle of the 1st millennium BC - remains the [[Oxbow site]].<ref>{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=75}}</ref><ref name=":15" /> It seems that the Mi'kmaq maintained a similar lifestyle throughout this period. Micmac artifacts are not very different from those of the Maliseet, but follow a slow evolution, the result of contact with other cultures. Archaeological digs have mainly recovered objects made of bone and stone, but they also made objects of antler, leather, and wood.<ref name=":16" /> Javelin and arrowheads were notched for fastening. Stone [[Lithic flake|splinter knives]] generally kept the same shape as in the previous period; [[Scraper (archaeology)|scrapers]] were common, but diminished in size over time. Bone or wooden points for spears, arrows, harpoons, and tridents came in a variety of shapes. The Micmacs made pendants from animal teeth, bone beads, and other decorative objects, probably with magical properties.<ref name=":19">{{Harvtxt|Tuck|1984|p=81}}</ref>

=== Prehistoric archaeology ===
A [[Giants (esotericism)|giant]]'s skeleton was discovered near the lighthouse on [[Caraquet Island]] in [[1893]] by the keeper's son, but there is no material trace of it. The first professional archaeological digs in Caraquet were carried out by Charles Martijn in [[1968]] at the [[port of Caraquet]] but he found nothing. Further digs at the port in [[1977]] yielded no discoveries. Artifacts have been found by enthusiasts at Pointe à Brideau and Ruisseau à Chenard, around the harbor, but suggest that the Micmacs only used the site as a camp, a shortcut between [[Baie Saint-Simon|Saint-Simon Bay]] and [[Chaleur Bay]].''<ref name=":2" />'' Albert Ferguson carried out excavations on Caraquet Island in [[1983]] and, for the prehistoric period, found only a kind of stone [[Racloir|scraper]], which has not been dated. He points out that there are certainly prehistoric archaeological sites in Caraquet, but that they have been destroyed by [[erosion]], and that only underwater digs, [[Intertidal zone|excavations in the foreshore]], or the discovery of new sites in the sheltered hinterland could tell us more about the town's prehistory.<ref name=":1" />

== Contact (1000-1711) ==

=== Vikings ===
[[File:Carte Pichiguy 1689.png|thumb|Pichiguy on Pierre Detcheverry's 1689 map (upside down).]]
The [[Vikings]] are thought to have been the first Europeans to visit the region, from the [[11th century]] onwards.<ref>Mentioned in the [[Vinland]] article on Wikipedia. This information seems to come from the book ''The Norse Atlantic Sagas'', by Gwyn Jones (To be verified).</ref> Indeed, [[Juglans|walnut]] shells have been discovered at [[L'Anse aux Meadows]]. There are no walnut trees in [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], and the nearest place where this tree grows is on the east coast of Canada, including New Brunswick.

=== Basques, Bretons and Normans ===
According to Donat Robichaud, the region was visited by [[Normandy|Norman]] and [[Brittany|Breton]] fishermen as early as the end of the [[13th century]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robichaud |first=Donat |title=Le Grand Shippagan |year=1976 |pages=33–37}}</ref> The Bretons were well established before [[1536]]. The [[Basques]] [[Whaling|had been whaling]] in Europe since the [[11th century|eleventh century]] or earlier, but following the collapse of the cetacean population, began to hunt them in southern Labrador in the sixteenth century, in addition to fishing [[cod]]. These fishermen came mainly from the [[Southern Basque Country|Spanish Basque country]], but those from the [[French Basque Country|French Basque country]] were becoming increasingly numerous. They were already well established by [[1540]], and contrary to popular belief, they did not hunt whales further and further away until they reached America but went there directly.<ref name=":21">{{Cite journal |last=Barkham |first=Selma Huxley |date=1984 |title=The Basque Whaling Establishments in Labrador 1536-1632 — A Summary |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40510312 |journal=Arctic |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=515–519 |doi=10.14430/arctic2232 |issn=0004-0843 |jstor=40510312}}</ref>

Around [[1632]], Basque cod fishermen moved to more remote areas, including Caraquet, [[Paspébiac]], and [[Shippagan]], to avoid attacks by [[Inuit]] and [[England|English]] or [[Danish Realm|Danish]] [[Piracy|pirates]], but also because of the decline in the whale population and the opening of the [[Svalbard]] fishery. It is likely to have been [[Multiracial people|interbreeding]] between the Basques and Micmacs, giving rise to the population known as the “Canadiens”, with Basque names and “European” manners, traveling in Basque rowboats and guarding hunting and fishing stations during the winter. The Canadiens' settlement is identified as Pichiguy in a [[1689]] map, and located on the north shore of [[Caraquet Bay]]. Basque fishing in Caraquet continued unhindered until the end of the [[17th century]].<ref name=":21" /><ref name=":0" />

=== French ===
[[File:Jacques cartier1.jpg|thumb|Jacques Cartier]]
[[Jacques Cartier]] dropped anchor in the [[Miscou Island|Miscou]] area in July 1534 and explored the region for a few days.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lacoursière |first1=Jacques |title=Canada-Québec 1534-2000 |last2=Provencher |first2=Jean |last3=Vaugeois |first3=Denis |year=2000 |isbn=2-89448-156-X |pages=24–25|publisher=Septentrion }}</ref> The Mi'kmaq were accustomed to trading with Europeans, as they approached Jacques Cartier on July 6, 1534, in [[Gaspé Peninsula|Gaspésie]] from the Acadian Peninsula, probably Grande-Anse. Cartier was frightened and fired warning shots, but ended up bartering with them the next day.<ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last=Leonard |first=Kevin |title=Archaeology of the Restigouche River, New Brunswick : a summary |year=2002 |pages=4}}</ref>

In [[1619]], the ''[[Bordeaux]] Merchants Association'' founded a fishing post at [[Miscou Island|Miscou]]. [[Jesuits]] then came to evangelize the region's Amerindians. [[Nicolas Denys]] traded along the [[Chaleur Bay]] and [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]] coasts, including Caraquet. The association was subsequently dissolved, the Jesuits were recalled to France and Nicolas Denys was forced to leave the island for [[Bathurst, New Brunswick|Nipisiguit]].<ref name=":23">{{Cite book |last=Albert-Blanchard |first=Corinne |title=Caraquet, Quelques bribes de son histoire |year=1967}}</ref>

On August 17, 1693, the [[Sovereign Council of New France|Sovereign Council]] granted the [[Pokemouche, New Brunswick|Pokemouche]] concession to Philippe Hesnault, of [[Bathurst, New Brunswick|Nipisiguit]], adding three [[League (unit)|leagues]] in width on each side of the valley, for a total of eight leagues by four, a territory that included eastern Caraquet.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gagnong |first=William |title=A Monograph of historic sites in the province of New Brunswick |year=1899 |location=Ottawa |pages=319}}</ref> Michel Degrez, who previously owned the seigneury, owed Hesnault 200 livres, which probably explains this decision. Hesnault did not settle in the area, and other merchants took advantage of the situation to hunt on his land. On August 30, 1705, Hesnault filed a complaint with the Conseil against Jean de Clarmont, general manager of the Compagnie de Mont-Louis. It is unclear what happened to the Pokemouche fief after Hesnault's death.<ref name=":24">{{Cite journal |year=2006 |title=Philippe Hesnault |journal=Revue d'histoire de la Société historique Nicholas Denys |volume=XXXIV |issue=3 |pages=95–105}}</ref>

Half of Caraquet Island was granted to Sieur Denis Riverin on November 24, 1696, for fishing by Pierre Rey Gaillard.<ref name=":1" />

== Permanent establishment (1711-1784) ==

=== Gabriel Giraud ===
[[File:Lieu Gabriel-Giraud 1.JPG|thumb|Gabriel Giraud's village site, today in Bas-Caraquet.]]
[[File:Cartes historiques Caraquet.jpg|thumb|Historical maps of Caraquet.]]
In [[1713]], under the [[Peace of Utrecht|Treaty of Utrecht]], [[England]] gained control of the peninsular part of Acadia, with France retaining the territories to the north, including Caraquet. Around [[1731]], [[France|Frenchman]] [[Gabriel Giraud dit St-Jean]] was probably the first permanent settler in the region. He arrived around [[1710]] and was living in [[Miramichi, New Brunswick|Miramichi]] by [[1727]]. He was born in [[Brittany]] and lived on the east bank of Ruisseau Saint-Jean (now Isabelle), three-quarters of a [[League (unit)|league]] from the road, on the border between Caraquet and [[Bas-Caraquet, New Brunswick|Bas-Caraquet]]. He married a Micmac woman and they had at least two children, Angélique (married Joseph LaBouthillier) and Jean-Baptiste, also married to a Micmac woman. Their name has disappeared, but they have a few descendants, mainly in [[Gaspé Peninsula]].''<ref name=":2" />'' It seems that a few fishing families settled with the Girauds, forming the first nucleus of the village.

=== Seven Years' War ===
<gallery>
File:Monument fondation Caraquet.JPG|Monument commemorating the Great Upheaval
File:Monument déportation Caraquet.JPG
</gallery>The early years of Caraquet's history are closely linked to the [[Seven Years' War]]. To escape [[Expulsion of the Acadians|deportation]], hundreds of [[Acadian French|Acadians]] took refuge from 1756 at Camp d'Espérance on [[Beaubears Island]] in the [[Miramichi, New Brunswick|Miramichi]]. They spent a terrible winter there, and some 2,000 died of hunger and disease. In 1757, part of the population decided to settle on the southern shore of [[Chaleur Bay]], between [[Bathurst, New Brunswick|Népisiguit]] and [[Neguac|Néguac]]. A village was founded in Caraquet by [[Alexis Landry]], [[Olivier Blanchard (sailor)|Olivier Blanchard]], Olivier Légère, Louis Brideau, and their families, at a place called [[Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage Sanctuary|Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arsenault |first=Bona |title=Histoire des Acadiens |year=2004 |isbn=2-7621-2613-4 |pages=370–371 |publisher=Les Editions Fides |language=fr}}</ref>

In a letter mailed from [[Restigouche River|Restigouche]] and dated September 7, 1760, commissioner Basagier wrote to [[Cardinal Mazarin]] that 150 people were living in Caraquet in 36 families.<ref name=":23" /> That same year, following the [[Battle of Restigouche|battle of the Restigouche]], Captain [[Antoine-Charles de Saint-Simon|Saint-Simon]] was given command of a [[privateer]] ship with a crew of 47 [[Normandy|Norman]] and [[Acadian French|Acadian]] men. In October, they chased a British ship, which they captured. They were then pursued by a British frigate. They took refuge in [[Saint-Simon Bay, New Brunswick|Saint-Simon Bay]] to avoid capture. They scuttled their boat at [[Lieu-dit|a place called]] La Chaloupe, near the [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]] of Morais in [[Bas-Caraquet, New Brunswick|Bas-Caraquet]].<ref name=":25">{{Cite book |last=Friolet |first=J. Antonin |title=Caraquet, Village au Soleil |year=1978 |pages=17–29 |language=fr}}</ref> Unable to return to Restigouche, they spent the winter in the region. In the spring of [[1761]], Saint-Simon returned to [[France]], while some of his crew settled in Caraquet and [[Bas-Caraquet, New Brunswick|Bas-Caraquet]].<ref name=":20" /> Some later founded the village of [[Caraquet Parish, New Brunswick|Saint-Simon]].''<ref name=":2" />''

In July and August [[1761]], [[Pierre du Calvet|Pierre Du Calvet]] conducted a census of the region for [[Governor Murray]]. According to the census, 37 families (174 inhabitants) lived in Caraquet in three villages.''<ref name=":2" />'' There were also five inhabitants on Caraquet Island, but subsequent accounts seem to show that they were only seasonal fishermen.<ref name=":1" />

Following this census and in retaliation for the battle, Captain [[Roderick MacKenzie (British Army officer)|Roderick MacKenzie]] captured most of the Acadians in the region between Nipisiguit ([[Bathurst, New Brunswick|Bathurst]]) and [[Miscou Island|Miscou]]''<ref name=":2" />''. These people were imprisoned in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]] (on [[George Island (southern hemisphere)|George Island]]) and at [[Fort Beauséjour|Fort Cumberland]]. Caraquet was relatively spared, as 150 of the 170 or so inhabitants were left behind due to lack of space on the boats, or fled. Those who escaped the attacks settled in other parts of [[Chaleur Bay]], such as [[Bonaventure, Quebec|Bonaventure]] or [[Miscou Island|Miscou]], on Landry Brook. The Girauds were suppliers to MacKenzie. Having not been deported, this would make Caraquet and [[Bas-Caraquet, New Brunswick|Bas-Caraquet]] one of the oldest permanent settlements in [[New Brunswick]] and eastern Canada. The British merchant [[Gamaliel Smethurst]] would later recount these events. He witnessed the deportation of [[Bathurst, New Brunswick|Nipisiguit]] and was subsequently abandoned by his captain. He made his way to Caraquet with the help of three Frenchmen hiding in the woods, probably members of [[Antoine-Charles de Saint-Simon|Saint-Simon]]'s crew. After haggling, [[Gabriel Giraud (Saint-Jean)|Gabriel Giraud]] gave him a canoe and help from the Micmacs to get to [[Fort Beauséjour|Fort Cumberland]].''<ref name=":2" />'' According to Gamaliel Smethurst, it was Jean-Baptiste Giraud, Gabriel's son, who wrote to MacKenzie asking him not to touch his compatriots.

=== Re-establishment of the town, followed by privateer attacks ===
In [[1763]], the [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]] was signed, giving [[Great Britain]] the entire territory of [[Acadia]]. In [[1764]], the [[Royal Proclamation of 1763|Royal Proclamation]] allowed deported Acadians to settle on uninhabited land. The [[Alexis Landry|Landry]], Légère, [[Olivier Blanchard (sailor)|Blanchard]], Poirier, Cormier, Dugas, Gallien, Doiron, Gionet, Albert, Bouthillier, and Lanteigne families returned to Caraquet in [[1766]]. The Dugués and Mallets decided instead to settle in [[Shippagan]].

In [[1762]], [[Raymond Bourdages (surgeon and merchant)|Raymond Bourdages]] of [[Bonaventure, Quebec|Bonaventure]] founded a fishing post in Caraquet. These possessions made many jealous. In [[1776]], during the [[American Revolutionary War|American Revolution]], [[United States|American]] [[Privateer|privateers]] attacked merchants on Chaleur Bay, including the Bourdages post in Caraquet. [[John Allan]] stirred up the coastal Micmacs, and on March 22, 1779, 16 of their number attacked Caraquet.''<ref name=":2" />''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mimeault |first=Mario |title=Dictionnaire biographique du Canada en ligne}}</ref>

== 19th century ==

=== Grand Concession ===
[[File:Grande Concession de Caraquet en 1784.png|thumb|Caraquet's great concession in 1784.]]
In [[1784]], François Gionest walked to [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]]. The Grande Concession, also known as the ''Grande Grant'',<ref>{{Harvtxt|Thériault|1985|p=265}}</ref> the legal occupation of land in Caraquet, was granted on [[March 19]], a concession of 14,150 acres (57 square kilometers) for 34 families. Some of this land is now part of Bertrand or Bas-Caraquet. By this time, several [[Normandy|Norman]] fishermen had settled in Caraquet. Some of the first settlers were Micmacs, so their descendants were of [[Multiracial people|mixed race]]. Other [[French Canadians|Canadians]] followed.''<ref name=":2" />'' From then on, Caraquet's population split into two distinct groups: the Acadians to the west, and the Métis, Québécois and Normans to the east. For around 50 years, there was a certain amount of hatred between the two groups, and no marriages.<ref name=":23" /> This split had disastrous consequences during the [[Louis Mailloux Affair|riots of 1875]].<ref name=":26">{{Cite book |last=Lebreton |first=Clarence |title=La Révolte Acadienne |publisher=Les Éditions de la Francophonie |year=2002 |isbn=2-923016-03-3}}</ref>

'''Great Concession of 1784<ref name=":25" />'''

<small>Note: sources contradict each other on certain historical elements, in particular on the spelling of the founders' names.</small>

# Joseph Dugas, married to Agathe Landry, daughter of Alexis Landry (no. 6).
# François Landry, son of Alexis Landry (no. 6), married to Adélaïde Bourg.
# Pierre Landry, son of Alexis Landry (no. 6), married Marguerite Allain, niece of Olivier Léger (no. 13).
# Anselme Landry, son of Alexis Landry (no. 6), married Marie-Thérèse Brideau, daughter of Louis Brideau (no. 20).à
# Thadée Landry, son of Alexis Landry (no. 6), married to Madeleine Marie Légère, daughter of Olivier Léger (no. 13).
# [[Alexis Landry]], married to Marie Terriot.
# Jean Cormier, son-in-law of Alexis Landry (no. 6), married to Marie Anastasie Aucoin.
# Pierre Thibodeaux, married to Anne-Marie Landry, daughter of Alexis Landry (no. 6).
# Charles Poirier, married to Madeleine Landry, sister of Alexis Landry (no 6).
# Joseph Boudreau, married to Marie-Jeanne Haché.
# Charles Gauvin, married Marie-Angélique Paulin, son of Jean-Baptiste Paulin (no 22).
# Olivier Blanchard, married Catherine-Joseph Amirault.
# Olivier Léger, married to Marie-Joseph Hébert, then Hélène Poirier.
# René Haché dit Gallant, married Marguerite Blanchard, daughter of Olivier Blanchard (no. 12).
# Alexis Cormier, son-in-law of Alexis Landry (no. 6), married Élisabeth Isabelle Gauthier.
# Rémi Landry, son of Alexis Landry (no 6), married to Charlotte Doiron.
# Gabriel Albert, Angélique Geneviève Boutheiller, sister of René Lebouthillier.
# Pierre Albert, son of Gabriel (no 17), married Genevieve Denis.
# Michel Parisé, nicknamed Sieur, probably an officer, was a member of Saint-Simon's crew. Married to Marie Albert, daughter of Gabriel Albert (no. 17).
# Louis Brideau, married Marie Thérèse Thomas Pépin Bigaouet. He sold his land to the Robin company in 1793 and moved to [[Tracadie-Sheila|Tracadie]].
# Henri Chenard, married Thérèse Agnès Canivet, niece of René Lebouthillier (no. 31).
# Jean-Baptiste Paulin, first married Isabella Gasse, second Agnès Canivet.
# Pierre Frigault, married Marie-Josephte dit Josette Bouthillier, sister of René Leboutillier (no. 31) and granddaughter of [[Gabriel Giraud (Acadian merchant)|Gabriel Giraud]].
# Jacques Morais, married Agnès Boutillier, sister of René Leboutillier (no. 31) and granddaughter of [[Gabriel Giraud (Acadian merchant)|Gabriel Giraud]].
# Louis de Lanteigne, born in [[Virey]], now [[Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët]], [[Normandy]]. Lanteigne is now the most common family name in town. Son of Nicolas de Lanteigne, he married Marguerite Chapados around 1758. In 1760, François Bourdon, commander of the Ristigouche garrison, was godfather to his son Eustache.
# Louis Mailloux, married Suzanne Huard.
# Zacharie Doiron, married to Anne Le Vicaire, daughter of the widow Boulet (no. 34).
# Joseph Chiasson, lived in [[Miscou Island|Miscou]] for a time before settling in the east end of town. Married to Anne Haché dit Gallant, cousin of René Haché dit Gallant (no. 14).
# Adrien Gallien, son of Pierre (no 30). Married Marguerite Duguay.
# Pierre Gallien, fisherman from [[Normandy]], from [[Gaspé Peninsula|Gaspésie]]. Father of Adrien Gallien (no. 29). Married Angélique Giraud dit St-Jean, widow of René Lebouthillier (no 31) and daughter of [[Gabriel Giraud (Acadian merchant)|Gabriel Giraud]].
# René Lebouthillier, married to Geneviève Chiasson.
# François Gionet, born in France. He is probably one of the three Frenchmen who helped [[Gamaliel Smethurst]] escape. First marriage to Marie Albert, daughter of Gabriel Albert (no. 17), second to Marie-Anne Le Vicaire, daughter of the widow Boulet (no. 34).
# Widow Giroux, wife of Jean-Baptiste Giraud dit Saint-Jean, son of Gabriel Giraud.
# Widow Boullet.

George La Roque lived east of Caraquet, but received no land. He married Genevieve Boutheiller. His descendants can be found in [[Shippagan]].

=== Establishment of the Church and industrial fishing ===
[[File:Robert Young.jpg|thumb|Robert Young (1834-1904)]]
Priests began visiting the town in [[1768]]. Previously, Caraquet residents celebrated white masses, led by [[Alexis Landry]]. The first church was built in [[Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage Sanctuary|Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage]] in [[1791]]. A fire destroyed several buildings and food supplies on August 28, 1795; the population appealed to Quebec for help.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Document |journal=Les Cahiers, Société historique acadienne |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=125–126}}</ref> The [[Confraternity|Confrérie]] Notre-Dame des Agonisants was founded in [[1804]] by French missionary [[René-Pierre Joyer]]; it was probably the first French-speaking association in Acadia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Basque |first=Maurice |title=La Société nationale de l'Acadie : au cœur de la réussite d'un peuple |publisher=Les Éditions de la Francophonie |year=2006 |isbn=2-89627-047-7 |pages=27}}</ref> In July 1811, Bishop [[Joseph-Octave Plessis]] visited Caraquet for a few days. He reported that meat was scarce and bread of poor quality, but that people fished well. He also said that the people to the west were pure, but that those to the east had a lesser reputation, that they went out in [[Paspébiac]], and that they had allied themselves with “savages”, without being barbarians.<ref name=":23" /> Some people from Caraquet took part in the [[War of 1812]].<ref>{{Harvtxt|Thériault|1985|p=59}}</ref> Louis Gauthier, a veteran of the [[Battle of Waterloo]] with [[Grande Armée|Napoleon's Grande Armée]], settled in Caraquet after the war.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Thériault|1985|p=186}}</ref> In [[1817]], Father [[Thomas Cooke (bishop)|Thomas Cooke]] became Caraquet's first resident priest. A second church was built in [[1818]]. Being the only one in the region at the time, it contributed to the town's prosperity.<ref name=":25" />

A fishing post was founded on Caraquet Island in [[1821]] by Marcel Martin.<ref name=":1" /> In the [[19th century]], many [[Jersey]], [[Scotland|Scottish]], and [[English people|English]] settlers came to Caraquet. Most left after a few years, or left very few descendants. Nevertheless, they controlled the local economy and politics for over a hundred years. The [[Charles Robin|Robin Company]] was established in [[1837]] and remained in business until [[1958]]. A post office was inaugurated in [[1850]]. By 1870, postal service to Caraquet was one of the worst in the province, with three mail deliveries a week from Bathurst. The arrival of the Intercolonial Railway improved postal service, but by 1909 the Acadian peninsula was still only served six times a week.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garvie |first=Philippe |date=1995 |title=Le réseau postal et son rôle dans l'articulation du système urbain au Nouveau-Brunswick entre 1870 et 1909 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30303047 |journal=Acadiensis |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=98–113 |jstor=30303047 |issn=0044-5851}}</ref> English merchant [[Robert Young (Canadian politician)|Robert Young]] settled in Caraquet in [[1850]].<ref name=":25" /> Philip Rive and William Fruing followed a little later. In January [[1857]], three English boats were trapped in the ice behind Caraquet Island; the sailors were rescued by people from Caraquet and Bas-Caraquet<ref>{{Harvtxt|Thériault|1985|p=57}}</ref>. Later in the year, [[Saint-Pierre-aux-Liens]] church is built. A major storm kills several sailors in July 1857<ref>{{Harvtxt|Thériault|1985|p=73}}</ref>. A [[typhoid fever]] epidemic ravaged the town in the winter of 1863-[[1864]].<ref>{{Harvtxt|Thériault|1985|p=74}}</ref> In [[1865]], Jean-Louis Landry opened the region's first flour [[Mill (grinding)|mill]]. It operated for 35 years<ref>{{Cite book |title=Présentation des Études Préliminaires de la Ville de Caraquet |pages=13}}</ref>. He also owned a wood mill and a [[wool]] carding mill.<ref name=":23" />

=== Louis Mailloux case ===
[[File:Affaire Louis Mailloux.svg|thumb|The main events in the Louis Mailloux Affair.]]
On May 5, 1871, the provincial government passed the Common School Act, which, among other things, put an end to religious education in [[School|schools]]. Supported by the province's [[Ireland|Irish]], a few [[Legislator|members of parliament]], and the [[clergy]], the inhabitants protested and demanded a network of Catholic schools. This crisis led to the defeat of several provincial and federal MLAs, weakened [[John A. Macdonald]]'s government, and contributed to his downfall. Caraquet's fishermen were impoverished by the companies' method of payment, which involved [[Token coin|tokens]] that could only be exchanged at their stores. The companies only gave the fisherman enough to survive, not enough to emancipate himself. This situation, combined with the discontent caused by Bill 87, led to an uprising among some of the population. This degenerated into two weeks of [[Riot|rioting]]. The [[police]] intervened with the help of the [[militia]]. Two people were killed in a shoot-out on January 27, 1875: John Gifford, a 22-year-old militiaman from [[Miramichi, New Brunswick|Newcastle]], and 17-year-old Louis Mailloux.<ref name=":26" />

=== Industrial revolution ===
[[File:Couvent caraquet 1880.jpg|thumb|The Old Convent in 1880]]
At the request of the city's merchants, the ''Montreal Telegraph Co'' opened a [[Telegraphy|telegraph]] service in [[1872]]. The convent of the Congrégation Notre-Dame, now called the Vieux Couvent, for the education of girls, was built in [[1874]]. An epidemic of “picote”, or [[smallpox]], hit the town in [[1874]]; a makeshift hospital was set up in Charles Coghlan's house.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Thériault|1985|p=94}}</ref>

[[Canadian Confederation]] hurts the [[The Maritimes|Maritime]] economy. To counter both the exodus of Acadians to the West or the United States and the fishing companies' control over the population, the clergy mobilized to found new farming villages, such as [[Paquetville]].
[[File:College Caraquet.jpg|thumb|Collège Sacré-Cœur]]
French Consul General Kleszkowski visits Caraquet in August [[1899]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=L'Evangéline - Recherche d'archives de Google Actualités |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=UY3hNwcQ290C&dat=18990817&printsec=frontpage&hl=fr |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=news.google.com}}</ref>

Engineer [[Sandford Fleming|Sanford Fleming]] proposed to the federal government that the Intercolonial [[Rail transport|Railway]] pass through the town and build a port at [[Pokesudie, New Brunswick|Pokesudie]]. The route was eventually diverted to [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]], but a more modest railroad was inaugurated in [[November]] [[1887]]. In December, the [[Caraquet Flyer|''Caraquet Flyer'']] train derailed at [[Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage Sanctuary|Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage]], killing eight people. The opening of the railroad led to an economic boom in Caraquet,<ref name=":27">{{Cite book |last=Lebreton |first=Clarence |title=Le Caraquet Flyer |publisher=Éditions du Fleuve |year=1990 |isbn=2-89372-038-2}}</ref> with the construction of several factories, workshops, shops, and a hotel, including the [[Château Albert]], built in [[1907]]. In [[1895]], Henri A. and [[Nazaire Dugas]] opened a [[sawmill]] and later a [[door]] and [[window]] factory, a [[Wood shingle|shingle]] factory, and a three-story flour [[Mill (grinding)|mill]]. The quality of their products was renowned throughout the region. [[Boat|Boats]] were built by Charles Chenard and Théotime Albert. There was also a [[confectionery]], the Fitzpatrick [[Tannery (workshop)|tannery]], a [[Metal casting|foundry]], a [[Boucanerie (factory)|''boucanerie'']], [[Homarus|lobster]] [[Canning|canneries]] and a [[bakery]]. In [[1919]], Jos L. Blanchard opened the first commercial [[Handicraft|craft]] shop. There was a [[quarry]] near the church, from which stone was extracted for the construction of institutional buildings. Most of these factories no longer exist<ref name=":23" />. The [[telephone]] arrived in Caraquet around [[1891]].

[[Collège Sacré-Cœur]] opened its doors in [[1899]].

== 20th century ==

=== From college opening to municipal incorporation ===
In [[1905]], the [[5th Acadian National Convention]] was held in Caraquet. By the early 20th century, there were no permanent settlements on Caraquet Island.<ref name=":1" /> On June 5, 1914, during a heavy storm, 13 fishermen from Caraquet, 6 from [[Bas-Caraquet, New Brunswick|Bas-Caraquet]], and some 15 from ''[[Lamèque]]'' lost their lives.<ref name=":23" /> In [[1906]], the [[La Banque du Peuple|''Banque du Peuple'']], the first bank in northern Acadia, opened a branch in Caraquet. It was replaced by the [[Provincial Bank of Canada]] in [[1910]]. [[Collège Sacré-Cœur]] was destroyed by fire in [[1915]]. After a long debate over whether the college should be rebuilt in Caraquet, it was finally moved to [[Bathurst, New Brunswick|Bathurst]] in [[1921]]. [[Electricity]] arrived in Caraquet around [[1939]]. In the [[1940s]], the federal government purchased the Caraquet Wharf, partly ending the British merchants' stranglehold on the local economy. In [[1945]], a [[bus]] service was introduced. Three vehicles operated domestic routes, and another provided the [[Bathurst, New Brunswick|Bathurst]]-[[Tracadie-Sheila|Tracadie]]-[[Shippagan]] link. Local service continued until the [[1970s]]. Branch #56 of the [[Royal Canadian Legion]] was inaugurated in [[1946]]. The [[1950]] Eucharistic Congress attracted over 20,000 participants. In [[1959]], the Caraquet Regional School (later called ''La Nacelle'', after its student newspaper) was built on the ruins of [[Collège Sacré-Coeur]]. Previously, the town's students had been spread over several schools that were too small.<ref name=":23" /> That same year, the [[École des Pêches]] was set up in the basement.<ref name=":23" />

=== City building and effervescence ===
[[File:Hopital Enfant-Jesus.JPG|thumb|Enfant-Jésus Hospital.]]
The Caraquet Chamber of Commerce was founded in [[1948]]. This organization was particularly involved in the social and economic life of the town. It proposed daylight saving time, and took an interest in town planning and nationalism, opposing a unilingual English sign on a construction site. Some of her early proposals, such as a second main road south of the city, have yet to be realized. The Morano Cinema opened in [[1949]]<ref name=":28">{{Cite journal |last=Pépin |first=André |date=2002 |title=Démolition du cinéma Bellevue, déménagement de deux résidences, fermeture de la Grande Maison... |journal=L'Acadie Nouvelle |pages=8}}</ref>; it was renamed the Bellevue Cinema when it was bought out in [[1994]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Il y a déjà 10 ans... |journal=L'Acadie Nouvelle |pages=25}}</ref> In [[1958]], the Chamber of Commerce formed a hospital committee. Numerous donations were collected, but the government refused to pay the hospital's interest and depreciation. The citizens of the town, through the Chamber of Commerce, with Dr. Blaise Duguay as president, asked that the town be incorporated as a [[municipality]], which was done on November 15, 1961. In [[1962]], the new municipality agreed to finance part of the hospital's costs for 35 years. Dr. Blaise Duguay was one of the architects of Caraquet's Enfant-Jésus Hospital. He was a member of the hospital's construction committee for ten years and served as secretary to the Board of Directors.

Over the following months, new sidewalks were built, hydro poles were removed from the north side of the boulevard to clear the view, and the dial telephone system was installed. By-elections were held on December 15, 1961, when the first council was elected by acclamation, with Alban Blanchard as mayor. The council took up residence in the basement of the regional school, which also housed the fisheries school. Administrative details such as the division of the town into wards were settled in the same month. General elections were held on February 20, 1962, with Alban Blanchard retaining his title of mayor. A [[police]] force was established in [[1962]], with [[Antoine Landry]] as chief.

[[Caraquet's first Acadian festival]] was held in [[1963]]. During the two weeks of the festival, the two buildings that led to the town's incorporation were inaugurated: the new campus of the [[New Brunswick School of Fisheries]] and the [[L'Enfant-Jésus Hospital]]. The [[Musée acadien]] was also inaugurated on [[August 13]]. In [[1965]], Caraquet hosted the [[XIVth Acadian National Convention]]. Delegates focused on the development of Acadian vitality. Current issues and the needs of the population were studied. In [[1966]], the municipal council initiated several major projects, including the construction of a water supply system. Villa Beauséjour, a vast residence for the elderly, was inaugurated in [[1967]]. The Colisée Léopold-Foulem was built the same year.<ref name=":23" />

=== Political and economic instability ===
[[File:Port de Caraquet 11.JPG|thumb|The Marais area, in the west of the port, has undergone profound transformation since the late 1950s, and is home to many of the city's institutions.]]
The first municipal elections were unopposed. The abolition of the Gloucester County Municipality on November 9, 1966, had a beneficial effect on municipal election turnout. On June 12, 1967, the contest was very close in some wards, and some of the favorites lost the election. Prominent candidates included [[Lorenzo Morais]], [[Clarence LeBreton]], and [[Mathilda Blanchard]]. The distribution of sometimes virulent [[Flyer (pamphlet)|flyers]] and the formation of informal political parties were also on the rise. The mayoral race was led by two candidates from the same ward, Lucien Boudreau and Dr. Raymond Savoie, both incumbents in Ward #2. Dr. Savoie was the winner. The year also saw the creation of school boards, with 17 candidates standing for election.

During the Confederation Centennial celebrations in [[1967]], the new Musée acadien building was inaugurated. One of Mayor Savoie's major achievements was the construction of the Colisée Léopold-Foulem, inaugurated on December 15, 1968, and dedicated to Léopold Foulem and Donat Cormier, who had been involved in amateur sports for 35 years. In the June 9, 1969 election, the three candidates were the incumbent mayor, Rhéal Leblanc, and [[Lorenzo Morais]]. Savoie's council was weakened by the departure of two members in 1968, and Morais, the least promising candidate, won the election. Morais led the city with dynamism and firmness, but his popularity waned. The Polyavlente Louis-Mailloux was inaugurated in [[1970]].<ref name=":29">{{Cite web |title=Francophone Sud |url=http://www.gnb.ca/0000/publications/comm/FrancophoneNordEst.pdf |website=Ministère de l'Éducation du Nouveau-Brunswick |access-date=2024-06-21 |archive-date=2013-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512191449/http://www.gnb.ca/0000/publications/comm/FrancophoneNordEst.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Only one of the councilors elected in 1969 stood for re-election in 1971, and many accused Morais of ruling without consultation. The campaign was difficult and confusing, but Morais won against Olivier Légère.

The Gorton Pew fish processing plant is bought out by local interests, including [[Lorenzo Morais]]. Boulevard and Portage Street were extended. Difficulties continued for Morais, as six of the eight councilors resigned between 1972 and 1974. Morais ran in the 1972 provincial election, where he became [[Caraquet (electoral district)|Caraquet]]'s first [[Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick|Conservative]] MNA in many years. Morais wanted to benefit his town but was forced to resign from the cabinet due to disagreements with other members. Despite the difficulties, Morais was re-elected to the municipal council in [[1974]] with only 26 more votes than Germain Blanchard. His council was again plagued by resignations.

The industrial park took shape on June 12, 1974, with the opening of the ''Cirtex'' [[Silk mill|spinning mill]]. The plant created 109 jobs outside the fishing season. The plant had already created a scandal in 1972 when Councillor [[Fidèle Thériault]] discovered that the municipality had offered $500 per job created to the promoter. Trouble flared up again when employees formed a union affiliated with the ''Union canadienne de l'industrie des pêches et des travailleurs affiliés'' (''Union of Canadian Fishermen and Allied Workers'' in English). After several threats from employees and the employer, a strike broke out on December 3, 1974. Under the leadership of [[Mathilda Blanchard]], the employees refused to give in. Mayor Morais resigned on January 12, feeling that he no longer had the support of the population. Councillor Philibert Landry came to the employer's defense, prompting him to resign as well. Fidèle Thériault's accusations resurface at the council, prompting the resignation of two other councilors and the municipality's general manager. In the March 1975 by-election, Germain Blanchard, a popular school principal, won a large majority for mayor over Normand Sirois. The missing councilors are elected in the September by-election. The strike at the Cirtex factory continues into the autumn of 1975, making constant headlines. Lorenzo Morais demands Mathilda Blanchard's resignation. Blanchard refused, calling the situation in town a “reign of terror”. The union was subsequently decertified and the case went all the way to the Supreme Court. The plant finally closed in December [[1976]]. The plant was owned by the Japanese company Ataka, and the closure of their oil refinery in Come by Chance, [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], had hurt their business too much.

Despite his victory, Germain Blanchard would be questioned in [[1976]]. The resignation of Police Chief Edgar Landry prompted a group of citizens to denounce the municipal administration. A pamphlet distributed to all citizens addressed the resignation, the Cirtex factory, and 19 other issues, claiming that there was a conspiracy and a secret mayor. The council remained in place despite the accusations. In the May 9, 1977 election, [[Lorenzo Morais]] again ran for mayor against Germain Blanchard. The campaign focused on reopening the factory and expanding the port. The construction of a second shopping center at [[Pointe-Rocheuse]] did not meet with unanimous approval, but Morais had retained his support and the fight was close. Nevertheless, Blanchard was re-elected by a slim majority.

The [[Village Historique Acadien Provincial Park|Village Historique Acadien]] was inaugurated in [[1977]]. The port was renovated for $3.5 million, and the new [[town hall]] was inaugurated on September 18, 1978.<ref name=":25" /> The factory was bought by ''Chanel Fabrics'', who reopened it on December 3, 1979. A few years later, the plant had to close again, this time for economic reasons. The Blanchard administration introduced a land-use plan and zoning by-law. Despite a request by some councilors for an official inquiry into the municipality's administration, Blanchard's mandate was stable and the town was in the public eye.

École Marguerite-Bourgeoys was inaugurated in [[1981]].<ref name=":29" /> The daily [[L'Acadie Nouvelle|''l'Acadie Nouvelle'']] was founded in [[1984]].

The [[1980s]] and [[1990s]] saw the end of [[English Canadians|English-Canadian]] control of the fishing industry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archives de Radio-Canada - Des poissons acadiens, enfin |url=http://archives.radio-canada.ca/IDC-0-72-2160-13147/arts_culture/james_bamber/clip4 |access-date=2024-06-21 |archive-date=2007-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930210724/http://archives.radio-canada.ca/IDC-0-72-2160-13147/arts_culture/james_bamber/clip4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Vieux-Couvent, home to most of the region's cultural and community organizations, was destroyed by fire in [[1992]]. Caraquet hosted the 15th [[Jeux de l'Acadie]] in [[1994]]. The Caraquet police force was abolished in [[2001]] and replaced by the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police|RCMP]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=L'Acadie Nouvelle - 2 novembre 2001 |url=https://www.acadienouvelle.com/acadienouvelle/2001/11/2/La_derniere_632.cfm}}</ref> In [[2003]], following the [[crab crisis]], Micmac fishermen moved into Caraquet harbour to ensure their safety. The same year, a protest movement in [[New Brunswick]] and [[Quebec]] was formed to prevent the construction of an [[Incineration|incinerator]] by Bennet Environmental in [[Belledune]], to treat soil contaminated with [[Hydrocarbon|hydrocarbons]] and [[creosote]] oil. Risks to the environment and the health of residents of the [[Chaleur Bay]] communities were cited. Faced with public pressure, the New Brunswick government demanded several actions from the company, including a public consultation, before giving the green light to construction.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radio-Canada - Opposition québécoise à l'implantation de l'incinérateur de Belledune |url=https://www.radio-canada.ca/regions/est-quebec/nouvelles/200307/14/011-belledune.asp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Radio-Canada - Incinérateur de Belledune : la réunion d'information tourne court |url=http://www.radio-canada.ca/regions/est-quebec/nouvelles/200307/25/001-belledunereunion.asp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Radio-Canada - L'opposition au projet de Bennett Environmental s'organise |url=http://www.radio-canada.ca/regions/est-quebec/nouvelles/200307/31/003-bennett.asp}}</ref>

=== Capital of Acadia ===
In [[1992]], Roberta Dugas won the municipal election against Germain Blanchard, who had led the city since [[1975]]. Roberta Dugas was elected by acclamation on May 8, 1995. She won by a large majority over Bernard Robichaud on May 11, 1998.

In [[1993]], Caraquet was one of 3 towns selected to participate in the Rural and Small Towns program. The downtown committee carried out several projects over the following years, including the development of plazas and the organization of activities. The Heritage Preservation Committee was created. The adoption of a heritage preservation by-law in [[1999]] made it a municipal committee. Posting regulations were modified, and a directory of historic sites and an information brochure were produced.<ref name=":30">{{Cite book |title=Coup d'œil 2001-05-31 |language=fr}}</ref> Caraquet declared itself the cultural capital of [[Acadia]] in [[1993]], adopted a cultural policy, and formed a cultural commission in [[1994]]. The commission's goal was to “provide the cultural organizations and events in its territory with structures and tools for grouping and concertation that would support their development”.

Work on Foley Beach began in 1994<ref>{{Cite journal |year=2006 |title=L'Acadie nouvelle rapportait... |journal=L'Acadie Nouvelle |pages=46}}</ref>. In 1995, a movement of citizens and cockle fishermen, supported by Mayor Dugas, attempted to impose a moratorium on fishing, considering the Caraquet flats to be part of the local heritage. A demonstration was held at the Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage tidal flats on July 18, 1995, against fishermen who were not residents of the town.<ref>{{Cite journal |year=2005 |title=L'Acadie nouvelle rapportait... |journal=L'Acadie Nouvelle |pages=24}}</ref> The La Nacelle middle school closed its doors in [[1996]]; a committee was formed in [[1997]] to find a new use for the building, and the idea of setting up a call center was already mooted<ref>{{Cite journal |year=2007 |title=L'Acadie nouvelle rapportait... |journal=L'Acadie Nouvelle |pages=23}}</ref>. In the municipal election of May 11, 1998, Roberta Dugas won against Patrick Albert.<ref>{{Cite journal |year=2008 |title=L'Acadie nouvelle rapportait... |journal=L'Acadie Nouvelle |pages=21}}</ref>

Under Roberta Dugas's mandate, the industrial park was developed and several businesses were established. In [[1998]], ''Système Erin'' opened a factory. The company manufactures and assembles [[Sieve|screening]] and [[granulometric selection]] systems.<ref name=":30" /> A peat [[bog]] project was canceled in 2000 following opposition from residents.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Coup d'œil 2000-05-31 |language=fr}}</ref> The outdoor center was destroyed by fire in 2000 but rebuilt the same year.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Coup d'œil 2001-02-28 |language=fr}}</ref> The Wink factory closed in [[2000]]. Despite opposition from the municipality and employees, the plant, now owned by [[syndic]] ''Price-Waterhouse-Coopers'', was bought out in the summer of the same year by the [[Pakistan|Pakistani]] company ''Medina Mills''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radio-Canada - 2 août 2000 - L'usine des Industries Wink pourrait rouvrir |url=http://www.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/53/53298.htm}}</ref> Medina Mills laid off most of its employees.<ref name=":31">{{Cite book |title=L'Acadie nouvelle |year=2011 |pages=33 |chapter=L'Acadie NOUVELLE rapportait...}}</ref>

== 21st century: between disappointment and hope ==
[[File:Centre culturel Caraquet.JPG|thumb|Caraquet cultural center.]]
In [[2000]], following the resignation of [[Bernard Thériault]], Mayor Roberta Dugas entered the race for the Liberal nomination in the riding of [[Caraquet (electoral district)|Caraquet]].<ref name=":31" /> After 9 years as the head of the municipality, Roberta Dugas stepped down in [[2001]]. At the time, the town was experiencing an economic and demographic crisis. [[Unemployment]] reached 16%, and although the population grew slightly, it was set to fall by 500 by [[2006]]. In the municipal elections of May 14, 2001, [[Antoine Landry]] won over Claude L'Espérance. Antoine Landry's mission was to pursue the development of culture, tourism, and economy. Landry was elected by acclamation on May 10, 2004. He won again on May 12, 2008, against Odile Mallet, a negotiator in the hospital affair.

The Bellevue cinema was demolished in 2002.<ref name=":28" /> On May 8, 2003, for its commitment to the development of arts and culture, the city was awarded the title of “Cultural Capital of Canada-2003” by [[Department of Canadian Heritage|Canadian Heritage]]. A first for the country, the city was awarded the title again in [[2008]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=L'Acadie Nouvelle 22 janvier 2008 - Caraquet remet ça |url=http://www.capacadie.com/AcadieNouvelle/2008/1/22/Caraquet_remet_934.cfm |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2003, a cultural center was set up in the ''La Nacelle'' school building, which had been purchased in 2000. The building was enlarged in [[2005]], allowing the opening of three movie theaters, the city having had none since [[2002]]. [[Caraquet's Saint-Pierre-aux-Liens]] church became a [[Provincial historic site (List of historic sites in New Brunswick)|provincial historic site]] in [[2005]]. In [[2006]], Roberta Dugas became Chair of the Board of Directors of the Workplace Health, Safety and Compensation Commission (WHSCC), now WorkSafe NB.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fradette |first=Réal |year=2006 |title=Roberta Dugas, première femme à la tête de la CSSIAT |journal=L'Acadie Nouvelle |pages=14}}</ref> The town's official name, formerly ''Town of Caraquet'', was changed to ''Caraquet'' on September 9, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barbour |first=Mark |year=2009 |title=Huit localités du Nouveau-Brunswick changent de nom |url=http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/newsf/gl/2009f1295gl.htm |website=Ministère des Gouvernements locaux du Nouveau-Brunswick |access-date=2024-06-21 |archive-date=2014-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419223904/http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/newsf/gl/2009f1295gl.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Saving the hospital ===
Maternity and surgical services were threatened with cuts in 2000.<ref>{{Cite journal |year=2010 |title=L'Acadie NOUVELLE rapportait... |journal=L'Acadie Nouvelle |pages=28}}</ref> In [[2004]], the provincial government and Health Minister [[Elvy Robichaud]] restructured healthcare in the province.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Article sur la fermeture et la protestation |url=http://www.alternatives.ca/article1255.html |access-date=2024-06-21 |archive-date=2007-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607122853/http://www.alternatives.ca/article1255.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Several hospitals, including Caraquet, were to be closed. First opened in [[1963]], Caraquet's [[Enfant-Jésus Hospital]] lost its [[Medical emergency|emergency]] services on March 2, 2004, becoming a community facility open 12 hours a day. [[Obstetrics]] and [[Surgery|surgical]] services were transferred to [[Bathurst, New Brunswick|Bathurst]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radio-Canada {{!}} L'Atlantique Ce Soir {{!}} Chronique {{!}} Le couperet est tombé sur l'hôpital de Caraquet |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/regions/Atlantique/Tele/Chroniques/hopital_14652.shtml |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=ici.radio-canada.ca}}</ref>

During the move, the people of Caraquet mobilized to preserve their hospital. Numerous demonstrations took place, and a commission for the restoration of the emergency service named 'SOS Hôpital' (Action H shortly afterward) was formed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Radio-Canada.ca |first=Zone Nouvelles- |title=SOS hôpital manifeste pour sauver l'hôpital de Caraquet |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/regions/atlantique/nouvelles/200411/29/005-caraquet-sos.shtml |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=ici.radio-canada.ca |language=fr-ca}}</ref> Together with residents of other towns, the ''New Brunswick Rural Health Care Coalition'' was formed. The town of Caraquet became involved in taking the provincial government to court over the potential damage of this closure. Although an offer between the government and one of Caraquet's key negotiators, Claude L'Espérance, was put on the table, the result was a failure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Radio-Canada.ca |first=Zone Nouvelles- |title=La population de Caraquet veut maintenir la poursuite contre le gouvernement |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/regions/atlantique/nouvelles/200506/07/002-assembleecaraquet.shtml |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=ici.radio-canada.ca |language=fr-ca}}</ref>

A lawsuit was nevertheless filed by an independent group, arguing that service to Bathurst could adversely affect the quality of service in French for a region that uses the language almost exclusively, but the verdict was also unsuccessful. Judge Roger Savoie asserted that it is the role of the New Brunswick legislature and government, not the courts, to protect and promote the equality of [[English language|English]] and [[French language|French]] in the province in the first instance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Radio-Canada.ca |first=Zone Nouvelles- |title=Hôpital de Caraquet : la cour tranche en faveur du gouvernement |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/regions/atlantique/nouvelles/200501/08/001-caraquet-gouvernement.shtml |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=ici.radio-canada.ca |language=fr-ca}}</ref>

In [[2006]], [[Shawn Graham]] and his ministers, newly elected to power, had no intention of converting the community health center back into a hospital.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ICI.Radio-Canada.ca |first=Zone Aucun thème sélectionné- |date=2006-11-23 |title=Caraquet ne récupérera pas son hôpital |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/330757/nb-caraquet |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Radio-Canada |language=fr-ca}}</ref> The service was gradually improved. There are still rumors of a complete reopening.<ref>{{Cite web |title=L'Acadie Nouvelle - 14 décembre 2007 - Le Centre de santé de Caraquet retrouvera son statut d'hôpital |url=http://www.capacadie.com/AcadieNouvelle/2007/12/14/Le_Centre_297.cfm }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> This debate led to the idea of a central hospital in [[Pokemouche, New Brunswick|Pokemouche]], which would offer better service to the population of the Peninsula<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radio-Canada {{!}} Régions {{!}} Nouvelles |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/regions/atlantique/nouvelles/200403/09/006-pokemouche.shtml |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=ici.radio-canada.ca}}</ref>. The ambulance stop and emergency room were re-established on April 16, 2012.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roy |first=Martin |year=2012 |title=L'Enfant-Jésus est ressuscité |journal=L'Acadie Nouvelle |pages=7}}</ref>

=== Economic diversification ===
[[File:Construction route 11 Caraquet.JPG|thumb|Construction of an access road from Route 11, in 2015.]]
Gradually abandoned, the [[Rail transport|railway]] saw its passenger service cancelled in [[1954]], its freight service in [[1986]], and was finally dismantled in [[1994]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arrêté no 1989-R-40 de l'Office des transports du Canada |url=http://www.cta-otc.gc.ca/rulings-decisions/orders/1989/R/1989-R-40_f.html}}</ref> Peter Swire, an Ontario developer, plans to build a new $350 million rail network on the Acadian Peninsula. Facilities in Caraquet would include offices and workshops. The line would link the town with [[Shippagan]], [[Tracadie-Sheila]], and [[Bathurst, New Brunswick|Bathurst]]. In May 2008, a group of businessmen, including the same Peter Swire, purchased land in the industrial park for the symbolic sum of one dollar. By the end of the year, they plan to build a $15 million, 9,000 m2 appliance recycling plant. The plant could process 1,000,000 appliances delivered by truck or train, and create 30 to 40 jobs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=L'Acadie nouvelle - 22 mai 2008 - Une entreprise de recyclage achète un terrain à Caraquet |url=http://www.capacadie.com/AcadieNouvelle/2008/5/22/Une_entreprise_928.cfm }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In 2008, a proposed 12-hectare [[blueberry farm]] on Rue du Portage prompted the city to amend its pesticide-spraying bylaw.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ICI.Radio-Canada.ca |first=Zone Aucun thème sélectionné- |date=2008-04-22 |title=Caraquet révise ses règlements |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/393742/nb-caraquet-pesticides |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Radio-Canada |language=fr-ca}}</ref> In the same year, the town experienced significant economic growth. From May 15 to 17, the city hosted the Sixth Francophone Conference of International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), in preparation for the [[Francophonie Summit]] in Quebec City.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ICI.Radio-Canada.ca |first=Zone Aucun thème sélectionné- |date=2008-05-15 |title=Caraquet reçoit la francophonie |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/396926/nb-conference-ouverture |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Radio-Canada |language=fr-ca}}</ref>

In the municipal election held on May 12, 2008, incumbent mayor [[Antoine Landry]] was re-elected against Odille Maillet, with a 63% majority (1474 votes). There are 4 candidates for the position of councilor in wards 1 and 2, and 5 candidates in ward 3. Candidates in Ward 4 were elected by acclamation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Événements électoraux locaux de 2008 |url=http://www.gnb.ca/elections/pdf/2008MunRpt.pdf |website=Élections N.-B. |access-date=2024-06-21 |archive-date=2012-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112152304/http://www.gnb.ca/elections/pdf/2008MunRpt.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The current city council was elected in the May 14, 2012, [[2012 New Brunswick municipal elections|quadrennial election]]. A second count on May 24 confirmed the election of Councillor Rosaire Labrie over Denise Dumaresq.

Work on the [[New Brunswick Route 11|Route 11]] bypass began in 2012, linking Bertrand to Rue du Portage in 2017 at an estimated cost of $45 million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leyral |first=Pierre |date=2014-02-20 |title=Voie de contournement: les travaux vont pouvoir se poursuivre à Caraquet |url=https://www.acadienouvelle.com/actualites/2014/02/19/voie-de-contournement-les-travaux-vont-pouvoir-se-poursuivre-caraquet/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Acadie Nouvelle |language=fr-FR}}</ref>

== Chronology ==
1731: [[Brittany|Breton]] [[Gabriel Giraud (Acadian merchant)|Gabriel Giraud]] founds Caraquet.

1757: A group of [[Acadians]] led by [[Alexis Landry]] settle in Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage.

1761: A group of privateers led by Captain [[Antoine-Charles de Saint-Simon|Saint-Simon]] take refuge in Caraquet.

1761: During [[Roderick MacKenzie's raid]], 20 Caraquetois are [[Expulsion of the Acadians|deported]]. Most inhabitants took refuge elsewhere in the region.

1762: [[Raymond Bourdages]] establishes a fishing post in Caraquet.

1766 : Refugees return to Caraquet.

1776: American privateers attack the [[Port of Caraquet]].

1779: Micmacs led by [[John Allan]] attack Port of Caraquet.

1784: François Gionet travels on foot to Halifax. Land ownership granted to 34 families.

1781: Construction of the first church in Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage.

1837: The Robin Company establishes itself in Caraquet.

1871: Outbreak of the New Brunswick School Question.

1874-1875: [[Louis Mailloux Affair|Louis Mailloux affair]]. Smallpox epidemic.

1887: Opening of the [[Caraquet & Gulf Shore Railway Company]].

1899: Opening of [[Collège Sacré-Cœur]].

1905: [[Fifth Acadian National Convention]].

1915: Collège Sacré-Cœur burns down.

1948: Foundation of the Caraquet Chamber of Commerce.

1958: The Robin Company closes its fishing establishment.

1959: Founding of the [[New Brunswick School of Fisheries]].

1961: Incorporation of the town.

1963: First [[Acadian Festival]] and opening of the [[Enfant-Jésus Hospital]] and Musée Acadien.

1965: [[XIVth Acadian National Convention]].

1984: Foundation of ''[[L'Acadie Nouvelle|L'Acadie nouvelle]]''.

1993: Caraquet proclaims itself ''Cultural Capital of Acadia''.

1994: 15th [[Jeux de l'Acadie]].

2003: Caraquet is named ''Cultural Capital of Canada''. The cultural center is built with the help of the grant.

2004: The [[Enfant-Jésus hospital]] loses most of its services.

2008: Most services are restored to the hospital. The city is named a ''Cultural Capital of Canada'' for the second time.

== Municipal chronology ==
[[File:Paroisse Caraquet 1966.svg|thumb|Territorial evolution of the parish of Caraquet.]]
[[1724]]: Foundation of Caraquet, part of the territory of [[Acadia]], [[New France]].

[[1763]]: Caraquet becomes part of [[Sunbury County, New Brunswick|Sunbury]] County, Province of Nova Scotia, [[British North America]].

[[1784]]: The province of [[New Brunswick]] is created from [[Sunbury County, New Brunswick|Sunbury]] County in [[Nova Scotia]]. Caraquet is now part of [[Northumberland County, New Brunswick|Northumberland]] County.

[[1786]]: The parish of [[Alnwick Parish, New Brunswick|Alnwick]], of which Caraquet is now a part, is formed in Northumberland County.

[[1814]]: The [[Saumarez Parish, New Brunswick|parish of Saumarez]], of which Caraquet is now a part, is formed from the parish of Alnwick.

[[1826]]: [[Gloucester County, New Brunswick|Gloucester]] County is formed from Northumberland County. Caraquet remains part of Saumarez parish.

[[1831]]: [[Caraquet Parish, New Brunswick|Caraquet parish]] is formed from Saumarez parish.

[[1851]]: [[Shippegan Parish, New Brunswick|Shippagan parish]] formed from Caraquet parish.

[[1867]]: [[Canadian Confederation]].

[[1897]]: [[Paquetville Parish, New Brunswick|Paquetville]] parish formed from portions of Caraquet and [[Inkerman, New Brunswick|Inkerman]] parishes.

[[1961]]: The town of Caraquet is incorporated. County and parish governments abolished in [[1966]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Brunswick Parishes |url=https://homepages.rootsweb.com/~nbpast/localhistory/parishes.html |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=homepages.rootsweb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Territorial Division Act (1786) |date=2007}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==

==== Documentaries ====

* {{Cite book |last=Blanchard |first=Corinne Albert |title=Caraquet: quelques bribes de son histoire |publisher=Comité du centenaire de Caraquet |year=1967 |location=Caraquet}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Blanchard |first1=Louise-Andrée |title=L'art du tintamarre: Caraquet 1979-2009 |last2=Cormier |first2=Yvon |publisher=Éditions Louise-Andrée |year=2009 |isbn=978-2-9811259-0-3 |location=Caraquet}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Cormier |first1=Yvon |title=Festival acadien de Caraquet, cinquante ans de culture en fête |last2=Thériault |first2=Bernard |publisher=Les Éditions de la Francophonie |year=2012 |isbn=978-2-89627-308-9 |location=Lévis}}
* {{Cite book |last=Friolet |first=J. Antonin |title=Caraquet, village au soleil |publisher=Fidèle Thériault |year=1978 |location=Fredericton}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ganong |first=William Francis |title=The History of Caraquet and Pokemouche |publisher=New Brunswick Museum |year=1948 |location=Saint John}}
* {{Cite book |last=Landry |first=Nicolas |title=Éléments d'histoire des pêches: La Péninsule acadienne du Nouveau-Brunswick (1890-1950) |publisher=Éditions du Septentrion |year=2005 |isbn=2-89448-443-7 |location=Sillery}}
* {{Cite book |last=Landry |first=Nicolas |title=Une communauté acadienne en émergence: Caraquet (Nouveau-Brunswick), 1760-1860 |publisher=Éditions Prise de parole |year=2009 |isbn=978-2-89423-245-3}}
* {{Cite book |last=Landry |first=Nicolas |title=Un collège classique en Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick: Le Sacré-Cœur de Caraquet, Bathurst, 1899-1975 |publisher=Éditions de la Francophonie |year=2014 |isbn=978-2-89627-384-3 |location=Lévis}}
* {{Cite book |last1=LeBreton |first1=Clarence |title=Caraquet 1961-1981: du plus long village du monde à la plus longue rue des Maritimes |last2=Thériault |first2=Bernard |publisher=Ville de Caraquet |year=1981 |location=Caraquet}}
* {{Cite book |last=LeBreton |first=Clarence |title=Caraquet: un album de famille, 1961-2011 |publisher=Éditions GID |year=2011 |isbn=978-2-89634-123-8 |location=Québec}}
* {{Cite book |last=LeBretona |first=Clarence |title=La Révolte acadienne |publisher=Les Éditions de la Francophonie |year=2002 |isbn=2-923016-03-3 |location=Moncton}}
* {{Cite book |last=LeBreton |first=Clarence |title=Le Caraquet Flyer: histoire de la Caraquet Gulf shore railway company, 1871-1920 |publisher=Les éditions du Fleuve |year=1990 |isbn=2-89372-038-2 |location=Montréal}}
* {{Cite book |last=LeBreton |first=Clarence |title=Le collège de Caraquet, 1892-1916 |publisher=Les Éditions du Fleuve |year=1991 |location=Montreal}}
* {{Cite book |last=Léger |first=Médard J. |title=Notes, documentaires sur certains aspects historiques de la région du Bas-Gloucester |publisher=Société historique acadienne |year=1962 |location=Moncton}}
* {{Cite book |last=Légère |first=Martin J. |title=Une idée qui vient de loin |publisher=Caisse populaire de Caraquet |year=1987 |location=Caraquet}}
* {{Cite book |last=Légère |first=Martin J. |title=Villa Beausejour Inc, historique 1967-1987 |publisher=Ser d'Imprimerie A Roy |year=1987}}
* {{Cite book |last=Robichaud |first=Donat |title=Éphémérides du Grand-Caraquet: incluant Bas-Caraquet, Caraquet, Haut-Caraquet |publisher=Paquetville, D Robichaud |year=2008 |location=Bertand}}
* {{Cite book |last=Saint-Cyr |first=Gérard |title=L'école et l'industrie des pêches du Nouveau-Brunswick |publisher=Éditions Faye |year=1998 |isbn=2-921824-09-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Thériault |first=Fidèle |title=Les familles de Caraquet |publisher=Fidèle Thériault |year=1985 |location=Caraquet}}

==== Articles ====

* {{Cite journal |date=1979 |title=Société historique Nicolas-Denys |journal=Index des Mariages de Caraquet}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Cormier |first=Rhéal |date=2002 |title=Le field hockey dans le Bas-Gloucester |journal=Société historique Nicolas-Denys}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Haché |first1=Louis |last2=Thériault |first2=Fidèle |last3=Robichaud |first3=D. O. |date=1996 |title=Le mystère du Saint Bocage |journal=Société historique Nicolas-Denys}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Dugas |first1=Pauline |last2=Robichaud |first2=D. O. |last3=Thériault |first3=Fidèle |date=2003 |title=Prés et aboiteaux de la Rivière-du-Nord |journal=Société historique Nicolas-Denys}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Robichaud |first=Omer |date=2001 |title=Hôtellerie de la Péninsule |journal=Société historique Nicolas-Denys}}

==== Plays ====

* {{Cite book |last=Branch |first=James E. |title=Vive nos écoles catholiques ou la résistance de Caraquet |publisher=Imprimerie l'Évangéline |year=1928 |location=Moncton}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Duguay |first1=Calixte |title=Moncton |last2=Boudreau |first2=Jules |last3=Mailloux |first3=Louis |publisher=Éditions d'Acadie |year=1994 |isbn=2-7600-0258-6}}

==== Novels, poetry and biographies ====

* {{Cite book |last=Gionet |first=Albert |title=Middle Caraquet: The Lean Years: A Memoir |publisher=Exposition Press of Florida |year=1987 |isbn=0-682-40353-9 |location=Pompano Beach}}
* {{Cite book |last=Haché |first=Odette |title=Le vécu de ma famille: poignée de souvenirs de 1909 à 2001 |publisher=Jeanne Cormier-Mourant |year=2001 |location=Caraquet}}
* {{Cite book |last=Landry |first=Edmond L. |title=Alexis |publisher=Les Éditions de la Francophonie |year=2003 |isbn=2-84964-022-0 |location=Lévis}}
* {{Cite book |last=Le Bouthillier |first=Claude |title=Le Feu du mauvais temps: roman historique |publisher=XYZ éditeur |year=2004 |isbn=2-84964-022-0 |location=Montreal}}
* {{Cite book |last=Léger |first=Édith |title=Du temps de la grise |publisher=Éditions Franc-jeu |year=1993 |isbn=2-921517-03-5 |location=Caraquet}}

==== Other sources used ====

* {{Cite journal |last=Keenlyside |first=David L. |date=1999 |title=Glimpses of Atlantic Canada's Past" |journal=Revista de Arqueología Americana |issue=16}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Landry |first1=Nicolas |title=Histoire de l'Acadie |last2=Lang |first2=Nicole |publisher=Septentrion |year=2001 |isbn=2-89448-177-2 |location=Sillery}}
* {{Cite book |last=Tuck |first=James A. |title=Maritime Provinces prehistory |publisher=National Museums of Canada |year=1984 |isbn=0-660-10759-7}}

==== Filmography ====
[[2007 in film|2007]]: ''On a tué l'enfant-Jésus'', documentary by [[Renée Blanchar]], [[National Film Board of Canada]], color, 62 min.

== See also ==

* [[History of the Acadians]]
* [[History of New Brunswick]]

== References and notes ==

=== References ===
{{reflist}}

=== Notes ===
<references group="note" />



[[Category:Histories of cities in Canada]]
[[Category:Caraquet]]
[[Category:Acadian history]]
[[Category:New France]]
[[Category:History of New Brunswick]]

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