History of Lagos: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Lagos 5.png|thumb|left|Street in Lagos, {{circa}} 1910]] |
[[File:Lagos 5.png|thumb|left|Street in Lagos, {{circa}} 1910]] |
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Lagos was annexed by Britain via the [[Lagos Treaty of Cession| Lagos Treaty of Cession in 1861]] ending the consular period and starting the British colonial period. The remainder of modern-day Nigeria was seized in 1886.<ref>{{cite book|author=L. Bigon |year=2009|title= A History of Urban Planning in Two West African Colonial Capitals: Residential Segregation in British Lagos and French Dakar (1850-1930)|location=[[Lewiston, New York]]|publisher=[[Edwin Mellen Press]]}}</ref> The British established the [[Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria]] in 1914 with Lagos as its capital. |
Lagos was annexed by Britain via the [[Lagos Treaty of Cession| Lagos Treaty of Cession in 1861]] ending the consular period and starting the British colonial period. The remainder of modern-day Nigeria was seized in 1886.<ref>{{cite book|author=L. Bigon |year=2009|title= A History of Urban Planning in Two West African Colonial Capitals: Residential Segregation in British Lagos and French Dakar (1850-1930)|location=[[Lewiston, New York]]|publisher=[[Edwin Mellen Press]]}}</ref> The British established the [[Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria]] in 1914 with Lagos as its capital.{{cn}} |
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=== Modern city === |
=== Modern city === |
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Revision as of 03:01, 22 December 2022
Lagos is the largest and former capital city of Nigeria and the largest city in Africa in terms of population with about 15.3 million people living in it.[1] It is also the 4th largest economy in Africa.[2]
Location
Lagos is in Lagos State in South-Western Nigeria. It is bounded on the west by the Republic of Benin, to the north and east by Ogun State with the Atlantic Ocean providing a coastline on the south. Lagos is made up of a collection of islands surrounded by creeks that fringe the mouth of the Lagos lagoon on the southwest. It is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a stretch of loosely connected barrier islands and sand spits.[citation needed]
Historical names
Lagos means "lakes" in Portuguese, the language of the first Europeans to arrive at the land already long inhabited by the Awori which belonged to the Yoruba people. To the Awori, the area was initially known as "Oko".[3][4] Later on, the Kingdom of Benin dubbed the local settlement "Eko", before the Portuguese would refer to it as "Onim" and later "Lagos".[4]
To differentiate the modern settlement from the older kingdom in the area, the name "Onim" has been applied to the latter by some historian such as Toby Green.[5]
History
As a tributary of Benin and Oyo
The island of Lagos was inhabited by Yoruba fishermen and hunters at least since the 15th century. In 1472, Portuguese explorers arrived, and began to trade,[4] eventually followed by other Europeans.[6] The area fell under the domain of Benin in the 16th century.[4] By 1600, it served as a frontier town, and Benin limited its local presence to soldiers led by four military commanders. This military presence as well as the exchange with European traders resulted in economic growth, as locals would travel along the coast and from further inland to Lagos Island for trade;[6] at this point, clothes were the main item sold at and exported from the island as well as Benin as a whole.[7]
In the 17th century, the trade with the Portuguese also began to increase, as Onim became a center of the Atlantic slave trade. The local obas (kings) developed good relations with the Portuguese.[4]
By the early 19th century, it was a small kingdom and a tributary to the Oyo Empire. [8] Like many West African states, Onim developed strong diplomatic as well as economic links to South America. It sent embassies to the Portuguese colony of Brazil,[9] and became one of the first countries to recognize the independence of Brazil in 1823.[8] Meanwhile, the Oyo Empire had begun to collapse. This allowed Lagos to assume the leading economic position regionally, becoming the most important market in the Yoruba territories as well as growing substantially.[10]
From the crowning of Ado as its Oba, Lagos (then called Eko) had served as a major center for slave-trade, from which then Oba of Benin and all of his successors for over two centuries supported — until 1841, when Oba Akitoye ascended to the throne of Lagos and attempted to ban slave trading. Local merchants strongly opposed the intended move, and deposed and exiled the king, and installed Akitoye's brother Kosoko as Oba.[3] Exiled to Europe, Akitoye met with British authorities, who had banned slave trading in 1807, and who therefore decided to support the deposed Oba to regain his throne. In the "Reduction of Lagos", the British militarily intervened in 1851, reinstalling Akitoye as Oba of Lagos. Lagos subsequently signed a treaty which ushered in the British consular period. In practical terms, however, British influence over the kingdom had become absolute.[4][11]
Colonial Lagos
Lagos was annexed by Britain via the Lagos Treaty of Cession in 1861 ending the consular period and starting the British colonial period. The remainder of modern-day Nigeria was seized in 1886.[12] The British established the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria in 1914 with Lagos as its capital.[citation needed]
Modern city
Lagos maintained its status as capital when Nigeria obtained its independence from Britain in 1960. Lagos was therefore the capital city of Nigeria from 1914 until 1991, when it was replaced as Federal Capital Territory by planned city of Abuja, built specifically for such purpose. Lagos experienced rapid growth throughout the 1960s and 1970s as a result of Nigeria's economic boom prior to the Biafran War. This continued through the 1980s and 1990s up to the present date.
Lagos was the capital of Nigeria from 1914 - 1991 when the capital was moved to Abuja. Abuja is a capital like Washington, D.C. in United States and Brasilia in Brazil in that it was built from scratch specifically to be a capital.
In 1991, Ibrahim Babangida, the Military President and other government functions moved to the newly built capital. This was as a result of intelligence reports on the safety of his life and what was later to be termed his hidden agenda, which was the plan to turn himself into a civilian president. He finished what was started by the Murtala/Obasanjo regime. The change resulted in Lagos losing some prestige and economic leverage. However, it has retained its importance as the country's largest city and as an economic centre.
In 2002, accidental explosions killed more than 1,000 people. In 2012, 163 people were killed when a McDonnell Douglas MD-83 crashed into a local furniture works and printing press building.
Obas (Kings) of Onim / Lagos
- Ashipa (1600–1630)
- King Ado (1630–1669) first King of Lagos
- King Gabaro (1669–1704)
- King Akinsemoyin (1704–1749)
- Eletu Kekere (1749)
- King Ologun Kutere (1749–1775)
- Adele Ajosun (1775-1780 & 1832-1834)
- Eshilokun (1780–1819)
- Oba Idewu Ojulari (1819–1832)
- King Oluwole (1836–1841)
- King Akintoye (1841-1845 & 1851-1853)
- Oba Kosoko (1845–1851)
- King Dosunmu [Docemo] (1853–1885)
- Oba Oyekan I (1885–1900)
- Oba Eshugbayi Eleko (1901-1925 & 1932)
- Oba Ibikunle Akitoye (1925–1928)
- Oba Sanusi Olusi (1928–1931)
- Oba Falolu Dosunmu (1932–1949)
- Oba Adeniji Adele (1949–1964)
- Oba Adeyinka Oyekan II (1965–2003)
- Oba Rilwan Akiolu (2003–present)
See also
References
- ^ "Lagos, Nigeria Metro Area Population 1950-2022". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
- ^ Oluwole, Victor (2022-04-14). "Top 10 wealthiest cities in Africa". Business Insider Africa. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
- ^ a b "LAGOS". www.hubert-herald.nl.
- ^ a b c d e f "Lagos". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ Green 2020, pp. 309, 375.
- ^ a b Green 2020, p. 163.
- ^ Green 2020, pp. 163, 181.
- ^ a b Green 2020, p. 309.
- ^ Green 2020, p. 375.
- ^ Green 2020, p. 473.
- ^ "The Reduction of Lagos:Introduction". Retrieved 1 February 2015.
- ^ L. Bigon (2009). A History of Urban Planning in Two West African Colonial Capitals: Residential Segregation in British Lagos and French Dakar (1850-1930). Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press.
Works cited
- Green, Toby (2020). A Fistful of Shells: West Africa from the Rise of the Slave Trade to the Age of Revolution. New York City: Penguin Random House. ISBN 978-0-141-97766-9.
Further reading
- Victorian Lagos: Aspects of Nineteenth Century Lagos Life by Michael J. C.Echeruo. London: Macmillan 1977.