Hispasat 1B: Difference between revisions

Hispasat 1B
Mission type	Communications satellite
Operator	Hispasat
COSPAR ID	1993-048A
SATCAT no.	22723
Mission duration	10 years
Spacecraft properties
Bus	Eurostar E2000
Manufacturer	Matra Marconi Space
Launch mass	2,194 kg
BOL mass	1,325 kg
Dry mass	1,100 kg
Payload mass	280 kg
Dimensions	1.7 x 1.9 x 2.1 m (22.02 m solar array span)
Power	3,790 W
Start of mission
Launch date	22/07/1993
Rocket	Ariane-44L H10+
Launch site	Guiana Space Centre
Contractor	Arianespace
End of mission
Disposal	graveyard orbit
Deactivated	06/06/2006
Orbital parameters
Semi-major axis	42,320 km
Altitude	35,800 km
Periapsis altitude	35,945.6 km
Apoapsis altitude	35,953.1 km
Inclination	30º W
Period	24.07 hours
Payload
	(12+6) Ku-band (8-55 W, 4-110 W) transponders, (3+1) X-band (110 W) transponders

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The Hispasat 1B was a Spanish communications satellite operated by Hispasat. Along with the Hispasat 1A, the satellite covered communications over the American Continent for both civilian and military customers.^[1]^[2] Together they formed the first European constellation operating over the New World.^[3] Its service life ended in 2003.^[4]

Body

Similarly to the Hispasat 1A, the body of the Hispasat 1B was based on the Eurostar E2000 bus. It consisted on a box shaped metal casing (1.7 x 1.9 x 2.21 meters) with retractable solar panels on the lateral faces (when extended measured 22.02 m) and space for the communications module on the upper and lower faces. It was built by Matra Marconi Space (now part of Airbus Defence and Space).^[5]

The satellite weighted 2,194 kg at launch and had a dry weight of 1,100 kg. It was 3 axis stabilized.^[6]

Propulsion

The satellite was propulsed by a R-4D-11 hypergolic engine (originally developed by Marquardt Corporation for its use in the Apollo program). It was provided by Aerojet Rocketdyne and was capable of developing 490 N of thrust in vacuum. It weighed 3.76 kg.^[7]^[8]

Communications module

The satellite offered both civilian and military communication channels for its customers. Its main module consisted of 15 active transponders: three X-band (compatible with NATO Standards) with one spare, for its military customers, and 12 Ku-band (8 at 55 W, 4 at 110 W) with six spares, for the civilian market.^[9]

The module was divided between the upper, containing the high gain antenna and lower (containing a set of low gain antennas) faces of the prism.

Launch

The satellite was successfully launched 22 July 1993 on board an Ariane-44L H10+ from the Guiana Space Center along with the Indian satellite INSAT-2B.^[10]^[11]

Its orbit is geostationary (GEO) 30º West, around 35,800 km high (35,945.6 km of perigee and 35,953.1 km of apogee) with 12.4º of inclination, a period of 1,444.1 minutes a RCS of 7.9621 m² and a semi-major axis of 42,320 km.^[12]

During its service life it was monitored from Hispasat's headquarters in Madrid. Its operating life officially ended in 2003 although some of its transponders remained active until 6 June 2006 when the satellite was definitely moved to a graveyard orbit.^[13]

References

^ Agudo, Luis Sepúlveda (2003). "Hispasat en el siglo XXI". Antena de telecomunicación (151): 17–23. ISSN 2481-6345.
^ "Hispasat 1A/1B at 30.0°W - LyngSat". Angelfire. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
^ Sacristán - Romero, F. (2007). "Structure of the Spanish system of satellite of communications". Journal of Applied Research and Technology. 5 (1): 58–60. ISSN 1665-6423.
^ "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
^ "Hispasat 1A, 1B". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
^ Gaullier, F.; Limouzin, G. (1 January 1994). "The EUROSTAR operational concept". Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Mecanicas. 16: 405–411. Bibcode:1994RBrCM..16..405G. ISSN 0100-7386.
^ "Hispasat 1B / 1993 - 048A". www.space-propulsion.com. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
^ Balduccini, Mauro; Giommi, Marco; Morelli, Guido (1 July 1991). "Flight Firing Operations on the ITALSAT F1 R-4D-11 Thruster". SAE Technical Paper Series. Vol. 1. Warrendale, PA. doi:10.4271/911413.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "Hispasat-series (and other Spanish communications satellites)". rammb.cira.colostate.edu. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
^ Jones, Caleb. "Ariane 44L | Hispasat 1B & Insat 2B". Space Launch Now. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
^ "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Telemetry Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
^ "Technical details for satellite HISPASAT 1B". N2YO.com - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
^ "TSE - Hispasat 1B". www.tbs-satellite.com. Retrieved 25 October 2021.

External links

Hispasat (official site)

[1] Agudo, Luis Sepúlveda (2003). "Hispasat en el siglo XXI". Antena de telecomunicación (151): 17–23. ISSN 2481-6345.

[2] "Hispasat 1A/1B at 30.0°W - LyngSat". Angelfire. Retrieved 26 October 2021.

[3] Sacristán - Romero, F. (2007). "Structure of the Spanish system of satellite of communications". Journal of Applied Research and Technology. 5 (1): 58–60. ISSN 1665-6423.

[4] "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 25 October 2021.

[5] "Hispasat 1A, 1B". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 25 October 2021.

[6] Gaullier, F.; Limouzin, G. (1 January 1994). "The EUROSTAR operational concept". Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Mecanicas. 16: 405–411. Bibcode:1994RBrCM..16..405G. ISSN 0100-7386.

[7] "Hispasat 1B / 1993 - 048A". www.space-propulsion.com. Retrieved 26 October 2021.

[8] Balduccini, Mauro; Giommi, Marco; Morelli, Guido (1 July 1991). "Flight Firing Operations on the ITALSAT F1 R-4D-11 Thruster". SAE Technical Paper Series. Vol. 1. Warrendale, PA. doi:10.4271/911413.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[9] "Hispasat-series (and other Spanish communications satellites)". rammb.cira.colostate.edu. Retrieved 26 October 2021.

[10] Jones, Caleb. "Ariane 44L | Hispasat 1B & Insat 2B". Space Launch Now. Retrieved 26 October 2021.

[11] "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Telemetry Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 24 January 2022.

[12] "Technical details for satellite HISPASAT 1B". N2YO.com - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions. Retrieved 25 October 2021.

[13] "TSE - Hispasat 1B". www.tbs-satellite.com. Retrieved 25 October 2021.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Spanish communications satellite}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
 {{Spacecraft
-| name               = HIspasat 1B
+| name               = Hispasat 1B
 | mission_type       = Communications satellite
 | operator           = [[Hispasat]]
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 | launch_rocket      = Ariane-44L H10+
 | launch_site        = [[Guiana Space Centre]]
-| launch_contractor  = Aérospatiale
+| launch_contractor  = [[Arianespace]]
 | disposal_type      = graveyard orbit
 | deactivated        = 06/06/2006
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 | orbit_period       = 24.07 hours
 | payload_items      = (12+6) Ku-band (8-55 W, 4-110 W) transponders,
-(3+1) X-band transponders
+(3+1) X-band (110 W) transponders
 }}
-The '''Hispasat 1B''' was a [[Spain|Spanish]] [[communications satellite]] operated by [[Hispasat]]. Along with the [[Hispasat 1A]], the satellite covered communications over the [[Americas|American Continent]] for both civilian and military customers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Agudo|first=Luis Sepúlveda|date=2003|title=Hispasat en el siglo XXI|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4708426|journal=Antena de telecomunicación|issue=151 (MAR)|pages=17–23|issn=2481-6345}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hispasat 1A/1B at 30.0°W - LyngSat|url=https://www.angelfire.com/tv2/satelitetv/hispa1b.shtml|access-date=2021-10-26|website=www.angelfire.com}}</ref> Together they formed the first European [[Satellite constellation|constellation]] operating over the New World.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sacristán - Romero|first=F.|date=2007|title=Structure of the Spanish system of satellite of communications|url=http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1665-64232007000100006&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en|journal=Journal of applied research and technology|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=58–60|issn=1665-6423}}</ref> It's [[service life]] ended in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1993-048A|access-date=2021-10-25|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref>
+The '''Hispasat 1B''' was a Spanish [[communications satellite]] operated by [[Hispasat]]. Along with the [[Hispasat 1A]], the satellite covered communications over the American Continent for both civilian and military customers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Agudo|first=Luis Sepúlveda|date=2003|title=Hispasat en el siglo XXI|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4708426|journal=Antena de telecomunicación|issue=151 |pages=17–23|issn=2481-6345}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hispasat 1A/1B at 30.0°W - LyngSat|url=https://www.angelfire.com/tv2/satelitetv/hispa1b.shtml|access-date=2021-10-26|website=[[Angelfire]]}}</ref> Together they formed the first European [[Satellite constellation|constellation]] operating over the New World.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sacristán - Romero|first=F.|date=2007|title=Structure of the Spanish system of satellite of communications|url=http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1665-64232007000100006&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en|journal=Journal of Applied Research and Technology|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=58–60|issn=1665-6423}}</ref> Its [[service life]] ended in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1993-048A|access-date=2021-10-25|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref>
 == Body ==
 [[File:Ariane 4, Expo'92 Sevilla.jpg|thumb|Ariane 4 rocket.|left|250x250px]]
-Similarly to the Hispasat 1A, the body of the Hispasat 1B was based on the [[Eurostar (satellite bus)|Eurostar E2000 bus]]. It consisted on a box shaped metal casing (1.7 x 1.9 x 2.21 meters) with retractable [[Solar panels on spacecraft|solar panels]] on the lateral faces (when extended measured 22.02 m) and space for the communications module on the upper and lower faces. It was build by [[Matra Marconi Space]] (now part of [[Airbus Defence and Space]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hispasat 1A, 1B|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hispasat-1a.htm|access-date=2021-10-25|website=Gunter's Space Page|language=en}}</ref>
+Similarly to the Hispasat 1A, the body of the Hispasat 1B was based on the [[Eurostar (satellite bus)|Eurostar E2000 bus]]. It consisted on a box shaped metal casing (1.7 x 1.9 x 2.21 meters) with retractable [[Solar panels on spacecraft|solar panels]] on the lateral faces (when extended measured 22.02 m) and space for the communications module on the upper and lower faces. It was built by [[Matra Marconi Space]] (now part of [[Airbus Defence and Space]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hispasat 1A, 1B|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hispasat-1a.htm|access-date=2021-10-25|website=Gunter's Space Page|language=en}}</ref>
-The satellite weighted 2,194 kg at launch and had a dry weight of 1,100 kg. It was 3 axis stabilized.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gaullier|first=F.|last2=Limouzin|first2=G.|date=1994-01-01|title=The EUROSTAR operational concept|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994RBrCM..16..405G|journal=Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Mecanicas (ISSN 0100-7386|volume=16|pages=405–411|issn=0100-7386}}</ref>
+The satellite weighted 2,194&nbsp;kg at launch and had a dry weight of 1,100&nbsp;kg. It was 3 axis stabilized.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gaullier|first1=F.|last2=Limouzin|first2=G.|date=1994-01-01|title=The EUROSTAR operational concept|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994RBrCM..16..405G|journal=Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Mecanicas |volume=16|pages=405–411|bibcode=1994RBrCM..16..405G|issn=0100-7386}}</ref>
 === Propulsion ===
-The satellite was propulsed by a [[R-4D|R-4D-11]] [[Hypergolic propellant|hypergolic engine]] (originally developed by [[Marquardt Corporation]] for its use in the Apollo program). It was provided by [[Aerojet Rocketdyne]] and was capable of developing 490 N of [[thrust]] in vacuum. It weighted 3.76 kg.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hispasat 1B / 1993 - 048A|url=https://www.space-propulsion.com/spacecraft-propulsion/heritage/page-060.html|access-date=2021-10-26|website=www.space-propulsion.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Balduccini|first=Mauro|last2=Giommi|first2=Marco|last3=Morelli|first3=Guido|date=1991-07-01|title=Flight Firing Operations on the ITALSAT F1 R-4D-11 Thruster|url=https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/911413/|language=English|location=Warrendale, PA}}</ref>
+The satellite was propulsed by a [[R-4D|R-4D-11]] [[Hypergolic propellant|hypergolic engine]] (originally developed by [[Marquardt Corporation]] for its use in the Apollo program). It was provided by [[Aerojet Rocketdyne]] and was capable of developing 490 N of [[thrust]] in vacuum. It weighed 3.76&nbsp;kg.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hispasat 1B / 1993 - 048A|url=https://www.space-propulsion.com/spacecraft-propulsion/heritage/page-060.html|access-date=2021-10-26|website=www.space-propulsion.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Balduccini|first1=Mauro|last2=Giommi|first2=Marco|last3=Morelli|first3=Guido|title=SAE Technical Paper Series|date=1991-07-01|chapter=Flight Firing Operations on the ITALSAT F1 R-4D-11 Thruster|volume=1|chapter-url=https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/911413/|language=English|location=Warrendale, PA|doi=10.4271/911413}}</ref>
 === Communications module ===
-The satellite offered both civilian and military communication channels for its customers. It's main module consisted in 15 active [[Transponder|transponders]]: three X-band (compatible with [[NATO]] Standards) with one spare, for its military customers, and 12 Ku-band (8 at 55 W, 4 at 110 W) with six spares, for the civilian market.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hispasat-series (and other Spanish communications satellites)|url=https://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/dev/hillger/Hispasat.htm|access-date=2021-10-26|website=rammb.cira.colostate.edu}}</ref>
+The satellite offered both civilian and military communication channels for its customers. Its main module consisted of 15 active [[transponder]]s: three X-band (compatible with [[NATO]] Standards) with one spare, for its military customers, and 12 Ku-band (8 at 55 W, 4 at 110 W) with six spares, for the civilian market.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hispasat-series (and other Spanish communications satellites)|url=https://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/dev/hillger/Hispasat.htm|access-date=2021-10-26|website=rammb.cira.colostate.edu}}</ref>
 The module was divided between the upper, containing the high gain antenna and lower (containing a set of low gain antennas) faces of the prism.
 == Launch ==
-The satellite was successfully launched the 22nd of July 1993 on board an [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44L H10+]] from the [[Guiana Space Centre|Guiana Space Center]] along with the Indian satellite [[INSAT 2B|INSAT-2B]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Caleb|title=Ariane 44L {{!}} Hispasat 1B & Insat 2B|url=https://spacelaunchnow.me/launch/ariane-44l-hispasat-1b-insat-2b/|access-date=2021-10-26|website=Space Launch Now|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Telemetry Details|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1993-048A|access-date=2022-01-24|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref>
+The satellite was successfully launched 22 July 1993 on board an [[Ariane 4|Ariane-44L H10+]] from the [[Guiana Space Centre|Guiana Space Center]] along with the Indian satellite [[INSAT 2B|INSAT-2B]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Caleb|title=Ariane 44L {{!}} Hispasat 1B & Insat 2B|url=https://spacelaunchnow.me/launch/ariane-44l-hispasat-1b-insat-2b/|access-date=2021-10-26|website=Space Launch Now|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Telemetry Details|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1993-048A|access-date=2022-01-24|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref>
-Its orbit is [[Geostationary orbit|geostationary (GEO)]] 30º West, around 35,800 km high (35,945.6 km of [[Apsis|perigee]] and 35,953.1 km of [[apogee]]) with 12.4º of [[Orbital inclination|inclination]], a [[Orbital period|period]] of 1,444.1 minutes a RCS of 7.9621 m<sup>2</sup> and a [[semi-major axis]] of 42,320 km.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Technical details for satellite HISPASAT 1B|url=https://www.n2yo.com//satellite/?s=22723|access-date=2021-10-25|website=N2YO.com - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions}}</ref>
+Its orbit is [[Geostationary orbit|geostationary (GEO)]] 30º West, around 35,800&nbsp;km high (35,945.6&nbsp;km of [[Apsis|perigee]] and 35,953.1&nbsp;km of [[apogee]]) with 12.4º of [[Orbital inclination|inclination]], a [[Orbital period|period]] of 1,444.1 minutes a RCS of 7.9621 m<sup>2</sup> and a [[semi-major axis]] of 42,320&nbsp;km.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Technical details for satellite HISPASAT 1B|url=https://www.n2yo.com//satellite/?s=22723|access-date=2021-10-25|website=N2YO.com - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions}}</ref>
-During its service life it was monitored from Hispasat's headquarters in Madrid. Its operating life officially ended on 2003 although some of its transponders remained active until the 6th of June 2006 when the satellite was definitely moved to a [[graveyard orbit]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=TSE - Hispasat 1B|url=https://www.tbs-satellite.com/tse/online/sat_hispasat_1b.html|access-date=2021-10-25|website=www.tbs-satellite.com}}</ref>
+During its service life it was monitored from Hispasat's headquarters in Madrid. Its operating life officially ended in 2003 although some of its transponders remained active until 6 June 2006 when the satellite was definitely moved to a [[graveyard orbit]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=TSE - Hispasat 1B|url=https://www.tbs-satellite.com/tse/online/sat_hispasat_1b.html|access-date=2021-10-25|website=www.tbs-satellite.com}}</ref>
 == See also ==

v t e ← 1992 Orbital launches in 1993 1994 →
January	Kosmos 2230 Molniya 1-85 STS-54 (TDRS-6) Kosmos 2231 Soyuz TM-16 Kosmos 2232
February	USA-88 Kosmos 2233 SCD-1, Orbcomm CDS-1 Kosmos 2234, Kosmos 2235, Kosmos 2236 Asuka Progress M-16
March	Gran' No.42L EKA-1 UFO F-1 Kosmos 2237 USA-90, SEDS-1 Kosmos 2238 Progress M-17
April	Kosmos 2239 Kosmos 2240 Kosmos 2241 STS-56 (SPARTAN 201) Kosmos 2242 Molniya-3 No.57 ALEXIS, Orbcomm CDS-2 STS-55 Kosmos 2243 Kosmos 2244
May	Kosmos 2245, Kosmos 2246, Kosmos 2247, Kosmos 2248, Kosmos 2249, Kosmos 2250 Astra 1C, Arsene USA-91 Resurs-F2 No.9 Progress M-18 Molniya-1T No.81 Gorizont No.39L
June	Kosmos 2251 STS-57 Kosmos 2252, Kosmos 2253, Kosmos 2254, Kosmos 2255, Kosmos 2256, Kosmos 2257 Galaxy 4 Resurs-F1 No.57 Radcal USA-92, PMG
July	Soyuz TM-17 Kosmos 2258 Kosmos 2259 USA-93 Kosmos 2260 Hispasat 1B, INSAT-2B
August	Unnamed, Unnamed, Unnamed, SLDCOM-3 Molniya-3 No.58 NOAA-13 Kosmos 2261 Progress M-19 Resurs-F1 No.56 USA-94 Meteor-2 No.24, Temisat
September	USA-95 Kosmos 2262 STS-51 (ACTS, ORFEUS-SPAS) Kosmos 2263 Kosmos 2264 IRS-P1 SPOT-3, Stella, KITSAT-2, Itamsat, Eyesat-1, PoSAT-1, Healthsat-2 Gran' 41L
October	Landsat 6 FSW-15 Progress M-20 STS-58 Intelsat 701 Kosmos 2265 USA-96 Gorizont No.40L
November	Kosmos 2266 Kosmos 2267 Gorizont No.41L Solidaridad 2, Meteosat 6 USA-97
December	STS-61 USA-98 Telstar 401 DirecTV-1, Thaicom 1 Molniya 1-87
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).