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{{Short description|Ottoman prince}}
{{Short description|Ottoman prince}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Halil Bey<br/>شاھزادہ خلیل بك
| name = Halil Bey<br/>شاھزادہ خلیل
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'''Halil Bey''' (1347–1362){{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} was an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] prince. His father was [[Orhan I|Orhan]], the second [[bey]] of the [[Ottoman beylik]] (later empire). His mother was [[Theodora Kantakouzene, wife of Orhan|Theodora Kantakouzene]], the daughter of Byzantine emperor [[John VI Kantakouzenos]] and [[Irene Asanina]]. His kidnapping was an important event in 14th century [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-[[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] relations. He was killed by his brother [[Murad I]].
'''Halil Bey''' (1347–1362) was an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] prince. His father was [[Orhan I|Orhan]], the second [[bey]] of the [[Ottoman beylik]] (later empire). His mother was [[Theodora Kantakouzene, wife of Orhan|Theodora Kantakouzene]], the daughter of Byzantine emperor [[John VI Kantakouzenos]] and [[Irene Asanina]]. His kidnapping was an important event in 14th century [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-[[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] relations. He was killed by his brother [[Murad I]].


== Kidnapping ==
==Kidnapping==
In the mid-14th century, piracy along the [[Aegean Sea]] and the [[Marmara Sea]] coasts was widespread. The pirates usually kidnapped people for ransom. In 1357 they kidnapped Halil near [[İzmit]] (ancient Nikomedia) on the Marmara coast. It is not known whether they knew the identity of their prey beforehand, but upon learning it, they escaped to [[Phocaea]] (modern Foça) on the Aegean coast. Phocaea was a Byzantine fort recently captured from [[Republic of Genoa]] and commanded by [[Leo Kalothetos]]. Orhan appealed to the Byzantine emperor [[Andronikos IV Palaiologos]] to rescue his son. He offered to cancel Byzantine debts and promised not to support the [[Kantakouzenos]] family's claims on the Byzantine throne. Andronikos agreed and tried to rescue Halil, but Leo was reluctant and in 1358 Andronikos had to lay siege to Phocaea with a small fleet of three vessels (the expenses of which were paid by Orhan).<ref name= "İnalcık">Halil İnalcık: ''Kuruluş Dönemi Osmanlı Sultanları'', İsam, İstanbul, 2010, {{ISBN|978-605-55-8606-5}} pp. 66-69</ref> He also called [[İlyas Bey of Saruhan|Ilyas Bey]], the ruler of [[Sarukhanids|Saruhan]] (a small [[Oghuz Turk|Turkmen]] beylik in west [[Anatolia]] formed after the disintegration of the [[Sultanate of Rum]]), for a joint operation against Phocaea. However Ilyas was playing both sides and planning to kidnap Andronikos during a hunting party. Nevertheless Andronikos was able to forestall his plans by arresting him.<ref>Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: ''Türkiye tarihi'' Cilt I, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 234</ref> Without Saruhan collaboration, he lifted the siege. After the failure of the 1358 operations, Orhan came to [[Üsküdar|Scutari]] (modern Üsküdar) on the Asiatic shore of the [[Bosporus]] for talks and agreed to pay 30,000 [[ducat]]s as a ransom. In 1359, Halil was released.
In the mid-14th century, piracy along the [[Aegean Sea]] and the [[Marmara Sea]] coasts was widespread. The pirates usually kidnapped people for ransom. In 1357 they kidnapped Halil near [[İzmit]] (ancient Nikomedia) on the Marmara coast. It is not known whether they knew the identity of their prey beforehand, but upon learning it, they escaped to [[Phocaea]] (modern Foça) on the Aegean coast. Phocaea was a Byzantine fort recently captured from [[Republic of Genoa]] and commanded by [[Leo Kalothetos]]. Orhan appealed to the Byzantine emperor [[Andronikos IV Palaiologos]] to rescue his son. He offered to cancel Byzantine debts and promised not to support the [[Kantakouzenos]] family's claims on the Byzantine throne. Andronikos agreed and tried to rescue Halil, but Leo was reluctant and in 1358 Andronikos had to lay siege to Phocaea with a small fleet of three vessels (the expenses of which were paid by Orhan).<ref name= "İnalcık">Halil İnalcık: ''Kuruluş Dönemi Osmanlı Sultanları'', İsam, İstanbul, 2010, {{ISBN|978-605-55-8606-5}} pp. 66–69</ref> He also called [[İlyas Bey of Saruhan|Ilyas Bey]], the ruler of [[Sarukhanids|Saruhan]] (a small [[Oghuz Turk|Turkmen]] beylik in west [[Anatolia]] formed after the disintegration of the [[Sultanate of Rum]]), for a joint operation against Phocaea. However Ilyas was playing both sides and planning to kidnap Andronikos during a hunting party. Nevertheless Andronikos was able to forestall his plans by arresting him.<ref>Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: ''Türkiye tarihi'' Cilt I, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 234</ref> Without Saruhan collaboration, he lifted the siege. After the failure of the 1358 operations, Orhan came to [[Üsküdar|Scutari]] (modern Üsküdar) on the Asiatic shore of the [[Bosporus]] for talks and agreed to pay 30,000 [[ducat]]s as a ransom. In 1359, Halil was released.


== Aftermath ==
==Aftermath==
As a part of the agreement, Halil was engaged to his first cousin, Irene Palaiologina, the 10-year-old daughter of [[John V Palaiologos]].<ref>Nicolae Jorga: ''Geschiste des Osmanichen Reiches'' vol I, (trans: Nilüfer Epçeli) Yeditepe Yayınları, 2009, {{ISBN|975-6480-18-1}}, p. 196</ref> The Ottoman prince and Byzantine princess later married and had two sons. Since Halil's elder brother [[Süleyman Pasha (son of Orhan)|Süleyman Pasha]] had already died, the [[Palaiologos]] family hoped to see him as the new ruler of the Ottoman beylik. But to their dismay, after Orhan’s death, Halil's brother [[Murad I]] was enthroned as the new bey.<ref name="İnalcık"/> Although Halil tried to fight for the throne, he was executed in 1362 by his brother.
As a part of the agreement, Halil was engaged to his first cousin, Irene Palaiologina, the 10-year-old daughter of [[John V Palaiologos]].<ref>Nicolae Jorga: ''Geschiste des Osmanichen Reiches'' vol I, (trans: Nilüfer Epçeli) Yeditepe Yayınları, 2009, {{ISBN|975-6480-18-1}}, p. 196</ref><ref>Several of [[John V Palaiologos|John V]]'s daughters and granddaughters married Ottoman princes: his daughter Maria married [[Murad I]], two more his sons [[Bayezid I]] and [[Yakub Çelebi|Yakub]], while a fourth, Irene, married Halil, Murad's half-brother. Two granddaughters, daughters of [[Theodore I Palaiologos|Theodore]] and [[Zampia Palaiologina|Zampia]], married a son and grandson of Bayezid I, [[Süleyman Çelebi|Süleyman]] and [[Küçük Mustafa|Mustafa]].</ref> The Ottoman prince and Byzantine princess later married and had two sons. Since Halil's elder brother [[Süleyman Pasha (son of Orhan)|Süleyman Pasha]] had already died, the [[Palaiologos]] family hoped to see him as the new ruler of the Ottoman beylik. But to their dismay, after Orhan’s death, Halil's brother [[Murad I]] was enthroned as the new bey.<ref name="İnalcık"/> Although Halil tried to fight for the throne, he was executed in 1362 by his brother.


== Issue ==
==Issue==
By his wife, he had two sons:
*Gündüz Bey (born in 1361){{cn|date=August 2020}}
*Ömer Bey (born in 1362)
*Gündüz Bey (1361 - 1362), executed by Murad I;
*Ömer Bey (1362 - 1362), executed by Murad I.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of kidnappings]]
*[[List of kidnappings]]


== References ==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


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[[Category:1357]]
[[Category:1357]]
[[Category:14th century in international relations]]
[[Category:14th century in international relations]]
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[[Category:Kidnappings in Turkey]]
[[Category:14th-century crime]]
[[Category:14th-century crime]]
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[[Category:Kidnappings in Turkey]]
[[Category:People captured by pirates]]
[[Category:People captured by pirates]]
[[Category:Sons of sultans]]
[[Category:Sons of sultans]]

Latest revision as of 15:17, 16 May 2024

Halil Bey
شاھزادہ خلیل
Born1347
Ottoman beylik
Died1362 (aged 14–15)
Ottoman beylik
SpouseIrene Palaiologina
IssueGündüz Bey
Ömer Bey
DynastyOttoman
FatherOrhan I
MotherTheodora Kantakouzene
ReligionIslam

Halil Bey (1347–1362) was an Ottoman prince. His father was Orhan, the second bey of the Ottoman beylik (later empire). His mother was Theodora Kantakouzene, the daughter of Byzantine emperor John VI Kantakouzenos and Irene Asanina. His kidnapping was an important event in 14th century Ottoman-Byzantine relations. He was killed by his brother Murad I.

Kidnapping[edit]

In the mid-14th century, piracy along the Aegean Sea and the Marmara Sea coasts was widespread. The pirates usually kidnapped people for ransom. In 1357 they kidnapped Halil near İzmit (ancient Nikomedia) on the Marmara coast. It is not known whether they knew the identity of their prey beforehand, but upon learning it, they escaped to Phocaea (modern Foça) on the Aegean coast. Phocaea was a Byzantine fort recently captured from Republic of Genoa and commanded by Leo Kalothetos. Orhan appealed to the Byzantine emperor Andronikos IV Palaiologos to rescue his son. He offered to cancel Byzantine debts and promised not to support the Kantakouzenos family's claims on the Byzantine throne. Andronikos agreed and tried to rescue Halil, but Leo was reluctant and in 1358 Andronikos had to lay siege to Phocaea with a small fleet of three vessels (the expenses of which were paid by Orhan).[1] He also called Ilyas Bey, the ruler of Saruhan (a small Turkmen beylik in west Anatolia formed after the disintegration of the Sultanate of Rum), for a joint operation against Phocaea. However Ilyas was playing both sides and planning to kidnap Andronikos during a hunting party. Nevertheless Andronikos was able to forestall his plans by arresting him.[2] Without Saruhan collaboration, he lifted the siege. After the failure of the 1358 operations, Orhan came to Scutari (modern Üsküdar) on the Asiatic shore of the Bosporus for talks and agreed to pay 30,000 ducats as a ransom. In 1359, Halil was released.

Aftermath[edit]

As a part of the agreement, Halil was engaged to his first cousin, Irene Palaiologina, the 10-year-old daughter of John V Palaiologos.[3][4] The Ottoman prince and Byzantine princess later married and had two sons. Since Halil's elder brother Süleyman Pasha had already died, the Palaiologos family hoped to see him as the new ruler of the Ottoman beylik. But to their dismay, after Orhan’s death, Halil's brother Murad I was enthroned as the new bey.[1] Although Halil tried to fight for the throne, he was executed in 1362 by his brother.

Issue[edit]

By his wife, he had two sons:

  • Gündüz Bey (1361 - 1362), executed by Murad I;
  • Ömer Bey (1362 - 1362), executed by Murad I.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Halil İnalcık: Kuruluş Dönemi Osmanlı Sultanları, İsam, İstanbul, 2010, ISBN 978-605-55-8606-5 pp. 66–69
  2. ^ Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi Cilt I, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 234
  3. ^ Nicolae Jorga: Geschiste des Osmanichen Reiches vol I, (trans: Nilüfer Epçeli) Yeditepe Yayınları, 2009, ISBN 975-6480-18-1, p. 196
  4. ^ Several of John V's daughters and granddaughters married Ottoman princes: his daughter Maria married Murad I, two more his sons Bayezid I and Yakub, while a fourth, Irene, married Halil, Murad's half-brother. Two granddaughters, daughters of Theodore and Zampia, married a son and grandson of Bayezid I, Süleyman and Mustafa.
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