Henri-François Gaultier de Claubry: Difference between revisions
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'''Henri-François Gaultier de Claubry''' (21 Jul 1792 – 4 Jul 1878) was a French chemist and toxicologist. Following the discovery of iodine in 1811, he examined its properties along Jean-Jacques Colin (1784-1865) and identified its ability to react with starch in 1814. |
'''Henri-François Gaultier de Claubry''' (21 Jul 1792 – 4 Jul 1878) was a French chemist and toxicologist. Following the discovery of iodine in 1811, he examined its properties along with [[Jean-Jacques Colin]] (1784-1865) and identified its ability to react with starch in 1814. |
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== Biography == |
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Gaultier de Claubry was born in Paris, son of well-known physician Charles-Daniel. After beginning studies in medicine, he shifted to research and began to apprentice in the pharmacies of [[Pierre Joseph Pelletier|Pelletier]] and [[Jean-Pierre Boudet|Boudet]] and at the [[Hôpital de la Charité]] before joining the laboratory of [[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac|Gay Lussac]] at the |
Gaultier de Claubry was born in Paris, son of well-known physician Charles-Daniel. After beginning studies in medicine, he shifted to research and began to apprentice in the pharmacies of [[Pierre Joseph Pelletier|Pelletier]] and [[Jean-Pierre Boudet|Boudet]] and at the [[Hôpital de la Charité]] before joining the laboratory of [[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac|Gay Lussac]] at the [[École Polytechnique]]. He then worked under [[Louis Jacques Thénard|Louis Jacques Thenard]] at the Faculty of Sciences. In 1812 he translated [[William Henry (chemist)|William Henry]]'s ''Elements of Experimental Chemistry'' into French. |
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=== Iodine–starch test === |
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Gaultier de Claubry was also involved in public health after being elected to the Conseil d'Hygiène of the Department of the Seine in 1825 and worked particularly on the testing and examination of products for adulteration, hygiene and disinfection.<ref name=":0" /> |
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The [[iodine–starch test]] was first described in 1814 by Gaultier de Claubry and Jean-Jacques Colin,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Colin |first1=J. J. |last2=Gaultier de Clauby |first2=H. F. |year=1814 |title=Mémoire sur les Combinaisons de l'Iode avec les Substances Végétales et Animales |journal=Annales de Chimie |volume=90 |pages=87–100}}</ref> and independently by [[Friedrich Stromeyer]] the same year.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Stromeyer |first=F. |year=1815 |title=Ein sehr empfindliches Reagens für Jodine, aufgefunden in der Stärke (Amidon) |trans-title=A very sensitive reagent for iodines, found in starch (amidone) |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2111749 |journal=Annalen der Physik |volume=49 |issue=1–2 |pages=146–153 |bibcode=1815AnP....49..146S |doi=10.1002/andp.18150490108}}</ref><ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd}}</ref> |
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=== Classification of minerals === |
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He was elected to the Academy of Medicine in 1848 and was made officer of the Legion d'Honneur in 1849.<ref name=":0" /> |
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His thesis published in 1824 was on the classification of minerals.<ref>{{cite book |author=Gaultier de Claubry, Henri-François |url=https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100410815 |title=De la classification des minéraux : thèse soutenue devant la faculté des sciences, de l'université royale de France, académie de Paris, le 15 mars 1824}}</ref> His work was a critique of the method of [[Jöns Jacob Berzelius|Berzelius]] in which he had disregarded physical forms, depending only on chemical composition and proportions. The minerals examined were silicates. |
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=== Public health === |
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Gaultier de Claubry was also involved in public health after being elected to the Conseil d'Hygiène of the Department of the Seine in 1825 and worked particularly on the testing and examination of products for [[Adulterant|adulteration]], hygiene and disinfection.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Wisniak |first=Jaime |date=2016 |title=Henri-François Gaultier de Claubry |url=https://revista.cnic.edu.cu/index.php/RevQuim/article/view/132 |journal=Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=133–141 |issn=2221-2442}}</ref> He thought plague was a variety of typhus as also typhoid although he considered typhus to be aided by overcrowding unlike typhoid.<ref>{{cite book |author=Corfield, W.H. |url=https://archive.org/details/etiologyoftyphoi00corfrich/page/16/mode/1up |title=The Etiology of typhoid fever and its prevention |publisher=[[H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd.|H. K. Lewis]] |year=1902 |place=London |pages=15–16}}</ref> |
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In 1835 he became a professor of chemistry at the École de Pharmacie.<ref name=":0" /> He was elected to the [[Académie Nationale de Médecine]] in 1848 and was made officer of the Légion d'honneur in 1849.<ref name=":0" /> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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[[Category:1878 deaths]] |
[[Category:1878 deaths]] |
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[[Category:1792 births]] |
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[[Category:French |
[[Category:19th-century French chemists]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Honour]] |
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[[Category:French toxicologists]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:45, 29 February 2024
Henri-François Gaultier de Claubry (21 Jul 1792 – 4 Jul 1878) was a French chemist and toxicologist. Following the discovery of iodine in 1811, he examined its properties along with Jean-Jacques Colin (1784-1865) and identified its ability to react with starch in 1814.
Biography
[edit]Gaultier de Claubry was born in Paris, son of well-known physician Charles-Daniel. After beginning studies in medicine, he shifted to research and began to apprentice in the pharmacies of Pelletier and Boudet and at the Hôpital de la Charité before joining the laboratory of Gay Lussac at the École Polytechnique. He then worked under Louis Jacques Thenard at the Faculty of Sciences. In 1812 he translated William Henry's Elements of Experimental Chemistry into French.
Iodine–starch test
[edit]The iodine–starch test was first described in 1814 by Gaultier de Claubry and Jean-Jacques Colin,[1] and independently by Friedrich Stromeyer the same year.[2][3]
Classification of minerals
[edit]His thesis published in 1824 was on the classification of minerals.[4] His work was a critique of the method of Berzelius in which he had disregarded physical forms, depending only on chemical composition and proportions. The minerals examined were silicates.
Public health
[edit]Gaultier de Claubry was also involved in public health after being elected to the Conseil d'Hygiène of the Department of the Seine in 1825 and worked particularly on the testing and examination of products for adulteration, hygiene and disinfection.[5] He thought plague was a variety of typhus as also typhoid although he considered typhus to be aided by overcrowding unlike typhoid.[6]
In 1835 he became a professor of chemistry at the École de Pharmacie.[5] He was elected to the Académie Nationale de Médecine in 1848 and was made officer of the Légion d'honneur in 1849.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Colin, J. J.; Gaultier de Clauby, H. F. (1814). "Mémoire sur les Combinaisons de l'Iode avec les Substances Végétales et Animales". Annales de Chimie. 90: 87–100.
- ^ Stromeyer, F. (1815). "Ein sehr empfindliches Reagens für Jodine, aufgefunden in der Stärke (Amidon)" [A very sensitive reagent for iodines, found in starch (amidone)]. Annalen der Physik. 49 (1–2): 146–153. Bibcode:1815AnP....49..146S. doi:10.1002/andp.18150490108.
- ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ^ Gaultier de Claubry, Henri-François. De la classification des minéraux : thèse soutenue devant la faculté des sciences, de l'université royale de France, académie de Paris, le 15 mars 1824.
- ^ a b c Wisniak, Jaime (2016). "Henri-François Gaultier de Claubry". Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas. 47 (1): 133–141. ISSN 2221-2442.
- ^ Corfield, W.H. (1902). The Etiology of typhoid fever and its prevention. London: H. K. Lewis. pp. 15–16.
