IBM System/370 Model 135: Difference between revisions

IBM System/370 Model 135
Manufacturer	International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)
Product family	System/370
Release date	March 8, 1971
Discontinued	October 16, 1979
Website	Official website IBM Archives

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 13:45, 12 March 2024

IBM 3330

"Expanded channel capacity
and the ability to use the high-performance
IBM 3330 disk storage under either Operating System (OS)or Disk Operating System (DOS) were ... among the factors significant to the **Model 135's ...capabilities."**

The IBM System/370 Model 135 was announced March 8, 1971,^[1] the only 370 introduced that year. The 135 was IBM's fifth System 370,^[a] and it was withdrawn October 16, 1979.

Special features[edit]

Although microcode was not a uniquely new feature at the time of the 135's introduction, having been used in most System/360 models and in most System/370 models introduced so far, the ability to upgrade a system's microcode without changing hardware, by storing the microcode in read-write memory rather than read-only memory, was not common at that time.^[2]^[3]

The read-write memory containing the firmware was loaded from a "reading device located in the Model 135 console"; this allowed updates and adding features to the Model 135's microcode.^[1] The "reading device" was a built-in (read-only) floppy disk drive.^[4] The 145, introduced the prior year, also had this feature.^[5]

Optional features[edit]

The Model 135 was the last of the 370s to be introduced without Virtual memory. Four of the five^[b] could be upgraded. Unlike the 155 & 165, which required an expensive^[c] hardware upgrade to add a DAT box (Dynamic Address Translation), the 135 & 145 ^[6] could obtain their virtual memory upgrades from a floppy disk.

Microcode upgrades were also available to add "user-selected options such as

extended precision arithmetic or
emulation of the IBM 1400 series."^[1]^[d]

An upgraded Model 135^[7] was termed a 370/135-3^[e]

Customers of the 370/135 had a choice of four main memory sizes, ranging from 96K to 256K.

Other[edit]

The 370/135 was introduced as running "under either OS or DOS.^[1] Newer versions thereof (DOS/VS and OS/VS1) and Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370) subsequently became available options once the 135's microcode was upgraded to support virtual memory. This was priced at $120,000 and came with "increased reloadable control store in addition to some power units." The upgrade could be done "in the field" and the resultant system was now deemed a 370/135-3.^[8]
The 135 was "partly developed at Hursley, UK."^[9]

Images[edit]

Notes[edit]

^ of 11
^ the 135, 145, 155 and 165, but not the 195
^ $200,000 and $400,000 respectively
^ (1401, 1440 and 1460)
^ and the upgrade could be done "in the field."

External links[edit]

370 /135 Advertisement: "Presentamos el Sistema/370 Model 135"^{[permanent dead link]}

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "System/370 Model 135". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003.
^ Padegs, A. (September 1981). "System/360 and Beyond". IBM Journal of Research & Development. 25 (5). IBM: 377–390. doi:10.1147/rd.255.0377. In the initial System/360 models, microprograms resided in read-only storage, but in most later models read-write storage is used. - tables include model characteristics (Table 1) and announcement/shipment dates (Table 2). The S/370-155-II and -165-II are listed under the former but not the latter, because the upgraded systems were not formally announced as separate models. The "System/370 Advanced Function" announcement, including the -158 and -168, was the main public event.
^ "DOS/360: Forty years". Newsgroup: alt.folklore.computers. May 16, 2005. Retrieved 2023-10-02. No, you'll find no IMPL button on a System/360 Model 30. It's [sic] control store was Card Capacitive ROS. System/360's used a variety of read only control stores, so changing the microcode meant replacing parts (e.g., with parts that were personalized by punching holes in a card). Later models like the 85 and 25 had writable contol stores, the 85 using a volatile SRAM array and the 25 using a part of core memory.
^ "Floppy Disks - CHM Revolution". www.computerhistory.org. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
^ http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/1968/#169ebbe2ad45559efbc6eb357200edaf describes it as an 80K 8-inch floppy.
^ IBM Maintenance Library 3145 Processing Unit Theory - Maintenance (PDF) (Fifth ed.). IBM. p. CPU 139. SY24-3581-4.
^ Computerworld. IDG Enterprise. 1976-07-05.
^ "Users May Have Jump on Upgrades". Computerworld. July 5, 1976. p. 2.
^ "Some Key Dates in IBM's Operations in Europe, the Middle East, Asia" (PDF). IBM.

[2] 11

[7] the 135, 145, 155 and 165, but not the 195

[8] $200,000 and $400,000 respectively

[10] (1401, 1440 and 1460)

[12] the upgrade could be done "in the field."

[IBMarc.135-1] "System/370 Model 135". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003.

[3] Padegs, A. (September 1981). "System/360 and Beyond". IBM Journal of Research & Development. 25 (5). IBM: 377–390. doi:10.1147/rd.255.0377. In the initial System/360 models, microprograms resided in read-only storage, but in most later models read-write storage is used. - tables include model characteristics (Table 1) and announcement/shipment dates (Table 2). The S/370-155-II and -165-II are listed under the former but not the latter, because the upgraded systems were not formally announced as separate models. The "System/370 Advanced Function" announcement, including the -158 and -168, was the main public event.

[40Y.mem-4] "DOS/360: Forty years". Newsgroup: alt.folklore.computers. May 16, 2005. Retrieved 2023-10-02. No, you'll find no IMPL button on a System/360 Model 30. It's [sic] control store was Card Capacitive ROS. System/360's used a variety of read only control stores, so changing the microcode meant replacing parts (e.g., with parts that were personalized by punching holes in a card). Later models like the 85 and 25 had writable contol stores, the 85 using a volatile SRAM array and the 25 using a part of core memory.

[5] "Floppy Disks - CHM Revolution". www.computerhistory.org. Retrieved 2021-06-09.

[6] ttp://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/1968/#169ebbe2ad45559efbc6eb357200edaf describes it as an 80K 8-inch floppy.

[9] IBM Maintenance Library 3145 Processing Unit Theory - Maintenance (PDF) (Fifth ed.). IBM. p. CPU 139. SY24-3581-4.

[CW.upg-11] Computerworld. IDG Enterprise. 1976-07-05.

[CW.jump-13] "Users May Have Jump on Upgrades". Computerworld. July 5, 1976. p. 2.

[14] "Some Key Dates in IBM's Operations in Europe, the Middle East, Asia" (PDF). IBM.

[1]

[a]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[b]

[c]

[6]

[d]

[7]

[e]

[8]

[9]

@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 The '''IBM System/370 Model 135''' was announced March 8, 1971,<ref name=IBMarc.135>{{cite web|url=https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/mainframe/mainframe_PP3135.html|title=System/370 Model 135|website=IBM Archives|date=23 January 2003 |publisher=IBM}}</ref>
-the only 370 introduced that year. The 135 was IBM's fifth [[IBM System/370|System 370]],<ref>of 11</ref> and it was withdrawn October 16, 1979.
+the only 370 introduced that year. The 135 was IBM's fifth [[IBM System/370|System 370]],{{efn|of 11}} and it was withdrawn October 16, 1979.
 ==Special features==
+Although [[microcode]] was not a uniquely new feature at the time of the 135's introduction, having been used in most System/360 models and in most System/370 models introduced so far, the ability to upgrade a system's microcode without changing hardware, by storing the microcode in read-write memory rather than read-only memory, was not common at that time.<ref>{{cite journal |first=A. |last=Padegs |date=September 1981 |title=System/360 and Beyond |journal=IBM Journal of Research & Development |publisher=IBM |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=377–390 |doi=10.1147/rd.255.0377 |quote=In the initial System/360 models, microprograms resided in read-only storage, but in most later models read-write storage is used.}} - tables include model characteristics (Table 1) and announcement/shipment dates (Table 2). The S/370-155-II and -165-II are listed under the former but not the latter, because the upgraded systems were not formally announced as separate models. The "System/370 Advanced Function" announcement, including the -158 and -168, was the main public event.</ref><ref name="40Y.mem">{{Cite newsgroup |title=DOS/360: Forty years |url=https://groups.google.com/g/alt.folklore.computers/c/RZA6FD27Tc0/m/iHuq1j8860IJ |date=May 16, 2005 |newsgroup=alt.folklore.computers |quote=No, you'll find no IMPL button on a System/360 Model 30. {{sic|I|t's}} control store was Card Capacitive ROS. System/360's used a variety of read only control stores, so changing the microcode meant replacing parts (e.g., with parts that were personalized by punching holes in a card). Later models like the 85 and 25 had writable contol stores, the 85 using a volatile SRAM array and the 25 using a part of core memory.|access-date=2023-10-02}}</ref>
-Although [[microcode]] was not a uniquely new feature at the time of the 135's introduction, the ability to upgrade a system's microcode without changing hardware was not common at that time.<ref>A. Padegs (September 1981). "System/360 and Beyond".
-IBM Journal of Research & Development. IBM. 25 (5): 377–390. doi:10.1147/rd.255.0377. – tables include model characteristics (Table 1) and announcement/shipment dates (Table 2). The S/370-155-II and -165-II are listed under the former but not the latter, because the upgraded systems were not formally announced as separate models. The "System/370 Advanced Function" announcement, including the -158 and -168, was the main public event.</ref><ref name=40Y.mem>
-https://groups.google.com/d/topic/alt.folklore.computers/RZA6FD27Tc0
-QUOTE: control store was Card Capacitive ROS.  System/360's used a variety of read only control stores, so changing the microcode meant
-replacing parts (e.g., with parts that were personalized by punching
-holes in a card).</ref> "Later models like the [[IBM System/360 Model 85|85]] and 25 had writable control stores, the 85 using a volatile SRAM array and the 25 using a part of [[Magnetic-core memory|core memory]]."<ref name=40Y.mem/>
-A "reading device located in the Model 135 console" allowed updates and adding features to the Model 135's microcode.<ref name=IBMarc.135/><ref>The "reading device" was a built-in (read-only) floppy disk drive.</ref>
+The read-write memory containing the firmware was loaded from a "reading device located in the Model 135 console"; this allowed updates and adding features to the Model 135's microcode.<ref name=IBMarc.135/> The "reading device" was a built-in (read-only) floppy disk drive.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Floppy Disks - CHM Revolution|url=https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/memory-storage/8/261|access-date=2021-06-09|website=www.computerhistory.org}}</ref> The [[IBM System/370 Model 145|145]], introduced the prior year, also had this feature.<ref>http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/1968/#169ebbe2ad45559efbc6eb357200edaf  describes it as an 80K 8-inch floppy.</ref>
-<ref>{{Cite web|title=Floppy Disks - CHM Revolution|url=https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/memory-storage/8/261|access-date=2021-06-09|website=www.computerhistory.org}}</ref> The [[IBM System/370 Model 145|145]], introduced the prior year, also had this feature.<ref>http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/1968/#169ebbe2ad45559efbc6eb357200edaf  describes it as an 80K 8-inch floppy.</ref>
 ==Optional features==
-The Model 135 was the last of the [[IBM System/370|370]]s to be introduced without [[Virtual memory]]. Four of the five<ref>the 135, 145, [[IBM System/370 Model 155|155]] and [[IBM System/370 Model 165|165]], but not the 195</ref> could be upgraded. Unlike the [[IBM System/370 Model 155|155]] & [[IBM System/370 Model 165|165]], which required an expensive <ref>$200,000 and $400,000 respectively</ref>
+The Model 135 was the last of the [[IBM System/370|370]]s to be introduced without [[Virtual memory]]. Four of the five{{efn|the 135, 145, [[IBM System/370 Model 155|155]] and [[IBM System/370 Model 165|165]], but not the 195}} could be upgraded. Unlike the [[IBM System/370 Model 155|155]] & [[IBM System/370 Model 165|165]], which required an expensive{{efn|$200,000 and $400,000 respectively}}
-hardware upgrade to add a [[Memory management unit|DAT box]] (Dynamic Address Translation), the 135 & 145 <ref>http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/370/fe/3145/SY24-3581-1_3145_Processing_Unit_Theory-Maintenance_Oct71.pdf {{cite book| title = IBM Maintenance Library 3145 Processing Unit Theory - Maintenance| id = SY24-3581-2| edition = Third| publisher = IBM| pages = CPU 117–129}}</ref> could get obtain their virtual memory upgrade from a floppy disk.
+hardware upgrade to add a [[Memory management unit|DAT box]] (Dynamic Address Translation), the 135 & 145 <ref>{{cite book| url =  http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/370/fe/3145/SY24-3581-4_3145_Processor_Theory_Maintenance.pdf| title = IBM Maintenance Library 3145 Processing Unit Theory - Maintenance| id=SY24-3581-4| edition = Fifth| publisher = IBM| page = CPU 139}}</ref> could obtain their virtual memory upgrades from a floppy disk.
 Microcode upgrades were also available to add "user-selected options such as
 *  extended precision arithmetic or
-*  emulation of the [[IBM 1400 series]]."<ref name=IBMarc.135/><ref>(1401, 1440 and 1460)</ref>
+*  emulation of the [[IBM 1400 series]]."<ref name=IBMarc.135/>{{efn|(1401, 1440 and 1460)}}
-An upgraded Model 135<ref name=CW.upg>https://books.google.com/books?id=pGJK0ayV3S8C&pg=PT1&lpg=PT1 Computerworld,July 5, 1976,p.2</ref> was termed a 370/135-3<ref>and the upgrade could be done "in the field."</ref>
+An upgraded Model 135<ref name="CW.upg">{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pGJK0ayV3S8C&pg=PT1 |title=Computerworld |date=1976-07-05 |publisher=IDG Enterprise |language=en}}</ref> was termed a 370/135-3{{efn|and the upgrade could be done "in the field."}}
 Customers of the 370/135 had a choice of four main memory sizes, ranging from 96K to 256K.
@@ Line 74: / Line 68: @@
 *  The 370/135 was introduced as running "under either [[OS/360|OS]] or [[DOS/360|DOS]].<ref name=IBMarc.135/> Newer versions thereof (DOS/VS and OS/VS1) and Virtual Machine Facility/370 ([[VM (operating system)|VM/370]]) subsequently became available options once the 135's microcode was upgraded to support virtual memory. This was priced at $120,000 and came with "increased reloadable control store in addition to some power units." The upgrade could be done "in the field" and the resultant system was now deemed a 370/135-3.<ref name=CW.jump>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pGJK0ayV3S8C|title =Users May Have Jump on Upgrades|date=July 5, 1976|publisher=Computerworld|page=2}}</ref>
 *  The 135 was "partly developed at [[IBM Hursley|Hursley]], UK."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/documents/pdf/emea.pdf|title=Some Key Dates in IBM's Operations in Europe, the Middle East, Asia|publisher=IBM}}</ref>
-==External links==
-*  [http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EBNFDM7Qzws/URquTsASkXI/AAAAAAAALMc/H5i8X423aBA/s850/sistema 370 /135 Advertisement: "Presentamos el Sistema/370 Model 135"]{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
 ===Images===
@@ Line 86: / Line 77: @@
 * [[IBM System/360]]
 * [[IBM System/370]]
+==Notes==
+{{notelist}}
+==External links==
+*  [http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EBNFDM7Qzws/URquTsASkXI/AAAAAAAALMc/H5i8X423aBA/s850/sistema 370 /135 Advertisement: "Presentamos el Sistema/370 Model 135"]{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
 ==References==